Prince's Club

The Prince's Club was a socially exclusive gentlemen's multisports club in London, England. The original 'Prince's Club' was founded in 1853 in Chelsea by George and James Prince and its main sports were rackets and real tennis. Cricket, croquet and lawn tennis were also played. After most of its ground was lost to building developments it closed in 1887. Its successor, the 'New Prince's Club', located in Knightsbridge, opened in 1888 and kept its focus on rackets and real tennis, but no longer had any outdoor sports. In 1896 the Prince's Skating Club was opened. The Prince's Club was in operation until the 1940s.

Prince's Club
Opening of the New Prince's Club, Knightsbridge, by the Prince of Wales, showing the tennis match between Mr Alfred Lyttelton and C Saunders
Formation1853 (1853)
Dissolved1940 (1940)
TypePrivate members' club
Legal statusDefunct
PurposeSport, social
Location
Coordinates51°30′05″N 0°09′48″W
(As of 1888)

Original Prince's Club

The original "Prince's Club" was founded in 1853 by George and James Prince,[lower-alpha 1] owners of a wine and cigar shop in Regent Street, and it opened in 1854. Located on Henry Holland's Pavilion estate, between the current Lennox Gardens, Cadogan Square and Hans Place, an area covering about 13 acres, it was originally a members-only gentlemen's rackets and real tennis club.[2][3] Gentlemen wishing to join the club had to be proposed and seconded by two of its members. The members were allowed to introduce two friends, who were charged double the rate if they played. Another club rule stated that "no hazard, dice, or game of chance be allowed in this Club".[4] In 1864 the club was incorporated as Prince's Racquets & Tennis Club Company Ltd.[5]

The club's main rackets court, which became known as the Prince's Match Court, set the standard dimensions (60 x 30 ft) and was the location of the most important matches of the time.[6] Another six rackets courts were later added around the main court with varying sizes, some built wider for doubles matches.[3] The University racket matches between Oxford and Cambridge were held at the club from 1858 onwards and an annual competition for the Public Schools Championship was added in 1868 with Eton, Harrow, Cheltenham and Charterhouse competing in the first edition.[3][lower-alpha 2]

In 1871 the Prince's Cricket Ground[lower-alpha 3] was added, laid out on the site of Cattleugh's nursery gardens, as well as a croquet lawn, followed by lawn tennis and lastly a roller-skating rink which was used in the winter for ice skating.[3] The cricket ground was used by the Middlesex County Cricket Club for their first-class cricket matches between 1872 and 1876 before moving to Lord's.[8] The cricket ground was also used by South of England and Gentlemen of the South. Several Gentlemen v Players fixtures were played there, the first taking place in 1873. In 1878 the touring Australian team played two matches on the ground.[9] The club's heyday was in the early 1870s; it had over 1,000 members in 1873.

The Prince's Club was one of the earliest lawn tennis locations after the sport was introduced in the mid-1870s. The club had two lawn tennis courts and organised open and handicap events. When the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), in its capacity as the governing body for rackets and real tennis, issued the first unified rules for lawn tennis on 29 May 1875 they were not universally adhered to and the Prince's Club, among others, stuck to playing on rectangular courts instead of the prescribed hourglass-shaped courts.[10] It held an open tournament in 1881 which leading players Ernest Renshaw, William Renshaw and Herbert Lawford competed. William Renshaw won the tournament while his brother Ernest won the handicap event.[3][11] The following year, 1882, Ernest Renshaw won the open tournament.[12] From 1881 through 1883 the club was the location of the varsity lawn tennis matches.[3] On 31 July 1883 a match was played at Prince's between the Liberal government and the Conservative opposition, including Lord George Hamilton, Arthur Balfour and Herbert Gladstone, which ended in two-all.[13]

The Old Prince's Club in 1857 with view of a rackets court

Since the second half of the 1870s areas of the club's ground were gradually repurposed for building activities, enabled by 'The Cadogan and Hans Place Improvement Act of 1874'.[14] A road was built on the southern part of the ground in the winter of 1876–1877. Part of the northern ground at Hans Road was lost in 1877 and the two lawn tennis courts had to be relocated. In the winter of 1877–1878 additional parts of the ground were used for building projects. In the summer of 1886 only the main rackets court and one of the tennis courts were left, and when its lease expired and its last buildings were demolished in the fall of 1886 the club closed in 1887.[3][6]

New Prince's Club

The "New Prince's Club", officially named the "Prince's Racquet and Tennis Club", was a socially exclusive club and sports centre for the upper ten. It opened in 1888 in Knightsbridge in the former Humphreys' Hall mansions which had been extensively reconstructed after a fire in May 1885.[5][lower-alpha 4] The Prince's Club title had been obtained from the Prince brothers.[17] The official opening took place on 18 May 1889 and was performed by Albert Edward, the Prince of Wales who was received by Sir William Hart Dyke, the president of the club.[16] To mark the occasion an exhibition real tennis match was played between Alfred Lyttelton and Charles Saunders. The club had two rackets and two real tennis courts but no longer provided any outdoor sports facilities.[lower-alpha 5][2] The new club also had two bowling alleys and several baths, including a Turkish bath and a private bath for the Prince of Wales.[15][5] The University racket matches as well as the Public Schools Championships moved to the newly created Queen's Club which took over the role of premier rackets facility from the Prince's Club.[6][2] Prince's did introduce a rackets competition between officers of the Royal Navy and the Royal Marines which was played from 1919 onward.[18] Many real tennis championship challenges were played at Prince's, Pierre Etchebaster won the world championship here from Fred Covey in 1928, having failed to do so in 1927. Notable real tennis professionals at Prince's include Henry Johns from c. 1926 to 1935. The Prince's Club ceased its activities during World War II when the clubhouse became the headquarters for the Army Post Office and the building was torn down ca. 1952 to make way for the Mercury House flats.[15]

Prince's Skating Club

In November 1896 at nearby Montpelier Square the Prince's Skating Club was founded, which hosted Prince's Ice Hockey Club. In March 1900, the rink hosted the first Ice Hockey Varsity Match, won 7–6 by Oxford.[19] The skating club was sold in 1903 to the Duchess of Bedford. The ice rink was the location of the figure skating events of the 1908 Summer Olympics held in October that year.[20] From the beginning of the 20th century the club hosted of a number of exhibitions and bazaars.[21] On 13–25 May 1909 it was the venue of the 'Women's Exhibition', a fundraising event organised by the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in support of the suffragette movement.[22] The ice rink closed in 1917.[23]

Notes
  1. The partnership between the brothers as proprietors of the club was dissolved in August 1864.[1]
  2. During the 19 years (1868–1887) that the Public Schools Championship was held at the Prince's Club the title was won 12 times by Harrow, six times by Eton and once by Rugby. In nine editions the final was played between Eton and Harrow.[2][3]
  3. The first cricket match played on the ground was Household Brigade v. Lords and Commons on 3 June 1871.[7][3]
  4. The "New Prince's Club" was located at 197 Knightsbridge.[15] Prior to the reconstruction of Humphreys' Hall the location had been home to the Japanese Village exhibition.[16]
  5. This absence of a true multipurpose sports club in London led to the creation of the Queen's Club in 1885.[2]

References
  1. "Partnership" (PDF). The London Gazette (22882): 3898. 5 August 1864.
  2. McKelvie, Roy (1986). The Queen's Club Story, 1886-1986. London: Stanley Paul. pp. 13, 48–53. ISBN 0091660602.
  3. "Old Prince's Club". The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News. Vol. 90 no. 2349. 21 September 1918. pp. 82–83.
  4. Timbs, John (1866). Club life of London. I. London: Richard Bentley. pp. 298–301.
  5. "Knightsbridge Green Area: Scotch Corner and the High Road". British History Online (BHO).
  6. Somerset, Henry, ed. (1894). Tennis, Lawn Tennis, Rackets, Fives. Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes (3 ed.). London: Longmans, Green and Co. pp. 360–361. OCLC 558974625. OL 6939991M.
  7. "Prince's Cricket Club". Sheffield and Rotherham Independent. British Newspaper Archive. 5 June 1871. p. 4.
  8. "Sporting notes". Otago Daily Times. 19 June 1872. p. 3 – via Papers Past.
  9. Lazenby, John (2013). The strangers who came home : the first Australian cricket tour of England, 1878. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 114–121. ISBN 978-1408842874.
  10. Todd, Tom (1979). The Tennis Players : from Pagan Rites to Strawberries and Cream. Guernsey: Vallency Press. p. 76. OCLC 6041549.
  11. "Lawn Tennis". The Morning Post. British Newspaper Archive. 22 June 1881. p. 3.
  12. "Lawn Tennis". London Standard. British Newspaper Archive. 26 June 1882. p. 6.
  13. Seddon, Peter (2001). Tennis's Strangest Matches. London: Robson. pp. 27–29. ISBN 9781861053794.
  14. "Settlement and building: From 1865 to 1900". British History Online (BHO).
  15. "The Prince's Club, Knightsbridge". Exploring 20th century London.
  16. "Prince's Club Knightsbridge". Morning Post. British Newspaper Archive. 20 May 1889. p. 5.
  17. "The New Prince's Club". Pall Mall Gazette. British Newspaper Archive. 18 May 1889. p. 6.
  18. R.N & R.M Sports Handbook 1940. R.N. & R.M. Sports Control Board. 1940. pp. 311–312. ISBN 978-1408630754.
  19. "Club Heritage". The Oxford Ice Hockey Trust. Archived from the original on 2015-07-06.
  20. Cook, Theodore Andrea (1908). The Fourth Olympiad, Being the Official Report: The Olympic Games of 1908 (PDF). London: British Olympic Association. pp. 39, 284–295.
  21. "Trevor Square Area: Smith & Baber's Floorcloth Factory". British History Online (BHO).
  22. Pugh, Martin (2008). The Pankhursts. London: Vintage. pp. 190–191. ISBN 978-0099520436.
  23. "The former Princes Skating Club". Historic England.

Sources

See also
  • List of London's gentlemen's clubs
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