Princess Francisca of Brazil

Dona Francisca (2 August 1824 – 27 March 1898) was a princess of the Empire of Brazil (as daughter of Emperor Dom Pedro I, who also reigned as King Dom Pedro IV of Portugal, and his wife Maria Leopoldina of Habsburg), who became Princess of Joinville upon marrying François d’Orléans, son of the French king Louis Philippe I. The couple had three children. Through their oldest daughter, Francisca and François are the ancestors of Jean, Count of Paris, the present Orléanist pretender to the French throne.

Princess Francisca
Princess of Joinville
 Princess of Brazil
Born(1824-08-02)2 August 1824
Palace of São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil
Died27 March 1898(1898-03-27) (aged 73)
Paris, France
Burial
Chapelle royale de Dreux
Spouse
Prince François, Prince of Joinville
​
​
(m. 1843)​
Issue
Detail		Princess Françoise, Duchess of Chartres
Prince Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre
Princess Marie Léopoldine
Full name
Francisca Carolina Joana Carlota Leopoldina Romana Xavier de Paula Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga
HouseBraganza
FatherPedro I of Brazil
MotherMaria Leopoldina of Austria
ReligionRoman Catholic
Signature

Biography
Francisca of Brazil, Princess of Joinville, 1850s. Painting by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
Francisca around age 44, c.1868

Francisca was born on 2 August 1824 in the Palace of São Cristóvão, in Rio de Janeiro, capital of the Empire of Brazil. Her name in full was Francisca Carolina Joana Carlota Leopoldina Romana Xavier de Paula Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga.[1] Through her father, Emperor Dom Pedro I, she was a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza (Portuguese: Bragança) and was referred to using the honorific "Dona" (Lady) from birth.[2] Her mother was the Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Austria, daughter of Franz II, the last Holy Roman Emperor. Through her, Francisca was a niece of Napoleon Bonaparte and first cousin of Emperors Napoleon II of France, Franz Joseph I (Francis Joseph I) of Austria-Hungary and Don Maximiliano I (Maximilian I) of Mexico.[3]

Francisca married Prince François of Orléans, the third son of Louis Philippe I and his Italian Queen Maria Amalia of Naples. François called the Prince of Joinville, and Francisca married in Rio de Janeiro on 1 May 1843. The bride was 19, the groom 25. Her portrait was painted when she arrived in Paris, in 1844, by Ary Scheffer (coll. Musée de la Vie romantique, Paris).

Their only daughter Princess Françoise of Orléans married her first cousin Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres and became the mother of the Orléanist pretender Prince Jean, Duke of Guise. Her son Pierre never married, but had two illegitimate children by a married woman.

Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter in 1844. Currently desplayed at the Palace of Versailles .
Portrait in 1846 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter.

When the Orléans family fled France, they settled in England living at Claremont; It was there that Francisca gave birth to a still born daughter in 1849; the next year, the exiled King Louis Philippe I died himself. After the fall of the House of Bonaparte of the Second Empire, the Orléans family returned to France; Francisca herself died in Paris aged 73. Her husband outlived her by two years, dying in Paris in 1900.

Issue
  1. Princess Françoise of Orléans (14 August 1844 – 28 October 1925) married her cousin Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres and had issue.
  2. Prince Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre (4 November 1845 – 17 July 1919) never married, but had two children with Angélique Lebesgue.
  3. Princess Marie Léopoldine of Orléans (30 October 1849) stillborn daughter born at Claremont.

Ancestry

Footnotes
  1. Sauer 1889, p. 43.
  2. Barman 1999, p. 424.
  3. Barman 1999, p. 1.
  4. Barman (1999), p.8

References
  • Barman, Roderick J. (1999). Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3510-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Sauer, Arthur (1889). Almanak Administrativo, Mercantil e Industrial (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert & C. OCLC 36598004.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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