Prussian S 4
The Prussian S 4's were German superheated express steam locomotives with the Prussian state railways, later grouped as DRG Class 13.5 in the Deutsche Reichsbahn. They were an evolutionary development of the Prussian S 3. The first locomotive was built in 1898 by Vulcan, Stettin as a modified S 3. She was the first superheated locomotive in the world.[1] She was initially designated as Hannover 74 and towards the end as the S 4 Cassel 401. Two further trials locomotives appeared in 1899 and 1900 as Hannover 86 and Berlin 74 also classed as S 3's. They were later reclassified as S 4's Hannover 401 and Posen 401.[1]
Prussian S 4 DRG Class 13.5, 13.4 | |
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Number(s) | DRG 13 501–504 |
Quantity | 104 |
Manufacturer | Borsig, Henschel, Humboldt |
Year(s) of manufacture | 1902–1909 |
Retired | 1927 |
Wheel arrangement | 4-4-0 |
Axle arrangement | 2’B h2 |
Type | S 24.16 |
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) |
Length over buffers | 18,210 mm |
Service weight | 50.2 t |
Adhesive weight | 31.9 t |
Axle load | 16.0 t |
Top speed | 100 km/h |
Indicated Power | 736 kW |
Driving wheel diameter | 1,980 mm |
Leading wheel diameter | 1,000 mm |
Valve gear | Walschaerts (Heusinger, outside) |
No. of cylinders | 2 |
Cylinder bore | 540 mm |
Piston stroke | 600 mm |
Boiler Overpressure | 12 bar |
No. of heating tubes | 115 |
No. of smoke tubes | 18 |
Heating tube length | 4,300 mm |
Grate area | 2.32 m2 |
Radiative heating area | 10.65 m2 |
Evaporative heating area | 117.70 m2 |
Tender | pr 3 T 153/15 pr 2’2’ T 16 |
Water capacity | 13.0/15.0/16.0 m3 |
Data for production series |
Not until the teething troubles had been resolved was the S 4 put into series production in 1902 in Borsig, from 1906 also in Henschel and Humboldt.[1] Unlike the prototypes the production engines were developed independently of the S 3, and 104 examples were built in the years to 1909 when procurement was halted in favour of the Prussian S 6. Up to 1906 a smokebox superheater was installed; afterwards smoke tube superheaters were used.[1]
The S 4's star waned even before the First World War, so that within a few years most of the engines had disappeared from the tracks. The remainder were employed on passenger train or even goods train duties.
In 1923 the Deutsche Reichsbahn recorded 44 S 4's in its provisional renumbering plan as 13 501-544. But by 1925 only four of them were left. These were given running numbers 13 501–504 in 1925[1] and were retired by 1927.
After the First World War, six locomotives were given to the Polish State Railways (PKP), where they were classified as Pd2 class, numbers 1 to 6.[1] During the Second World War five S 4s came into the Reichsbahn holdings from Poland as 13 401–405.[1] Two of them were eventually given back to Poland in 1955 by the DR.
The locomotives were equipped with tenders of Prussian classes pr 2’2’ T 16, pr 3 T 13 and pr 3 T 15.
See also
References
- Rauter and Scheingraber (1991), pp. 84-90.
Literature
- Rauter, Herbert; Scheingraber, Günther (1991). Preußen-Report. Band 2: Die Schnellzuglokomotiven der Gattung S 1 - S 11 (in German). Hermann Merker Verlag. ISBN 3-922404-16-2.
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