Pterostylis tenuissima

Pterostylis tenuissima, commonly known as the swamp greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to the southern mainland of Australia. As with similar greenhoods, the flowering plants differ from those which are not flowering. The non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves flat on the ground but the flowering plants have a single flower with leaves on the flowering spike. This greenhood has small translucent white flowers with dark green stripes and markings and both the dorsal sepal and lateral sepals have relatively long, thread-like tips.

Swamp greenhood
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Cranichideae
Genus: Pterostylis
Species:
P. tenuissima
Binomial name
Pterostylis tenuissima
Synonyms[2]

Diplodium tenuissimum (Nicholls) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

Description

Pterostylis tenuissima is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and when not flowering, a rosette of egg-shaped leaves lying close to the ground, each leaf 3–20 mm (0.1–0.8 in) long and 2–7 mm (0.08–0.3 in) wide. Flowering plants have a single flower 12–15 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long and 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide borne on a flowering stem 100–300 mm (4–10 in) mm high with between three and seven stem leaves. The flowers are translucent white with dark green stripes and markings. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal curves forward and downward with a thread-like tip 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long. The lateral sepals are held closely against the galea with erect, thread-like tips 20–25 mm (0.8–1 in) long. The sinus between the lateral sepals bulges forward and has a V-shaped notch in the centre. The labellum is 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide, dark brown, slightly curved and protrudes above the sinus. Flowering occurs from October to February.[3][4][5][6][7]

Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis tenuissima was first formally described in 1950 by William Nicholls from a specimen collected near Nelson and the description was published in The Victorian Naturalist.[1][8] The specific epithet (tenuissima) is the superlative form of the Latin word tenuis meaning "thin",[9] hence "thinnest".

Distribution and habitat

The swamp greenhood occurs in the far south-eastern corner of South Australia and south-western Victoria with a disjunct population on Wilsons Promontory. It grows in swampy mud under dense thickets of woolly tea-tree (Leptospermum lanigerum) and scented paperbark (Melaleuca squarrosa), sometimes forming large colonies.[3][4][5][7]

Conservation

Pterostylis tenuissima is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the Victorian Government Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. Threats to the species include land clearing, grazing by livestock, draining of wetland and weed invasion.[7][10]

References
  1. "Pterostylis tenuissima". APNI. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  2. "Pterostylis tenuissima". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 294. ISBN 978-1877069123.
  4. Jeanes, Jeff. "Pterostylis tenuissima". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: vicflora. Missing or empty |url= (help)
  5. "Pterostylis tenuissima". State Herbarium of South Australia: eflora SA. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  6. Mayfield, Enid (2010). Flora of the Otway plain & ranges (2nd ed.). Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 163. ISBN 9780643098046.
  7. "Recovery Plan for Three Orchid Species in South Australia and Victoria" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  8. Nicholls, William Henry (1950). "Additions to the Orchidaceae of Australia - III". The Victorian Naturalist. 67 (3): 46–48. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  9. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 787.
  10. "Swamp scrub threatened species" (PDF). Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
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