Pujyapada

Acharya Pujyapada or Pūjyapāda (464–524 CE)[1] was a renowned grammarian and acharya (philosopher monk) belonging to the Digambara tradition of Jains. Since it was believed that he was worshiped by demigods on account of his vast scholarship and deep piety, he was named Pujyapada. He was said to be the guru of King Durvinita of the Western Ganga dynasty.[2]

Acharya Shri 108 Pujyapada Ji Maharaj
Digambara Acharya
Personal
Born	Devanandi 464 CE
Died	524 (aged 59–60)
Religion	Jainism
Parents	Madhava Bhatta (father) Shridevi (mother)
Sect	Digambara
Notable work(s)	Sarvārthasiddhi, Iṣṭopadeśa
Religious career
Disciples Durvinita

Life

Pujyapada flourished in fifth or sixth century CE.[3] He is said to have lived from 510 CE to 600 CE.[4] His real name as a sadhu Digambara monk, was Devanandi. As the Devs from heaven used to come to do Puja of his feet Paad, a title of Pujyapaad was given to him. [5] He was heavily influenced by the writings of his predecessors like Acharya Kundakunda and Acharya Samantabhadra. He is rated as being the greatest of the early masters of Jain literature.[6] He was prominent preceptor, with impeccable pontifical pedigree and spiritual lineage. He was a great yogi, sublime mystic, brilliant poet, noted scholar, eminent author and master of several branches of learning.[7] He wrote in Sanskrit, in prose as well as verse form.[8] He was pontiff of the Nandi sangha, which was a part of the lineage of Acharya Kundakunda. He was the tenth guru of the pontifical lineage of the Nandi Sangha. He was born in a Brahmin family of Karnataka.[4] His parents were Madhava Bhatta and Shridevi.[9]

It is likely that he was the first Jain saint to write not only on religion but also on non-religious subjects, such as ayurveda and Sanskrit grammar. Acharya Pujyapada, besides being a profound scholar of the Jainism and a mendicant walking in the footsteps of the Jinas, was a grammarian,[3] master of Sanskrit poetics and of ayurveda.

Acharya Pujyapaad was nephew of Pāṇini who is said to be the father of Sanskrit Vyakaran. Panini died during the composition of sanskrit Vyakaran and asked Pujyapaad swami to complete the same. Pujyapaad Swami completed Jainendra Vyakaran and then completed the Panini's vyakaran as well.

Works

Book cover of one of the English translation of Iṣṭopadeśa

• Iṣṭopadeśa (Divine Sermons) – It is a concise work of 51 verses.[10] It deals with the real and ethical aspects of life using examples from our day to day lives. Acharya Pujyapada adumbrates the spiritual requirements that would transform our mundane lives into the sublime. Pujyapada differentiates between the important and the trivial, the essential and the non-essential and explains how the soul is different from its mortal coil. He goes a step further and explains that without realizing the essential difference between the eternal, i.e. the soul and the mutable, i.e. the body, all the devotion and all the meritorious deeds one performs shall not lead to liberation.
• Sarvārthasiddhi (Attainment of Higher Goals) - Sarvārthasiddhi is a commentary on the Tattvārthasūtra, marked by precision and conciseness.[3][10][5] It serves as the definitive mula patha for all Digambara works on the Tattvārthasūtra. Sarvārthasiddhi is the earliest surviving commentary on the Tattvārthasūtra,[3] since an even earlier commentary, the Gandhahastī Mahābhāṣya of Acharya Samantabhadra, is no longer available. Not even the famed Jain manuscript libraries, known as Grantha Bhandara, have a copy of the Gandhahastī Mahābhāṣya.
• Jainendra Vyākaraṇa (Jainendra Grammar) - Jainendra Vyākaraṇa deals with Sanskrit grammar and is considered as one of the finest early works on Sanskrit grammar.[5]
• Samādhitantra (Method of Self-Contemplation) – It is a treatise on yoga and adhyatma, outlining the path to liberation through differentiating the soul from the body. This is a short work, succinctly written, with 106 verses.
• Daśabhaktyādisangraha (Collection of Ten Adorations) - a collection of the adoration of the essentials that help the soul in acquiring merit. The essentials include the Supreme Beings, the Scripture, the Perfect Conduct, and the sacred places like the Nandīśvara Dvīpa.[11]
• Śāntyāṣṭaka (Hymn in Praise of Śāntinātha) - A poem of 8 verses in adoration of Bhagavān Śāntinātha, the 16th Tīrthankara.[11]
• Śabdāvatāranyāsa (Arrangement of Words and their Forms) - A work on Sanskrit grammar, said to be a gloss on Pāṇinī
• Jainābhiṣeka (Jain Anointment) - A work on Jain rituals.
• Chandaśāstra (Treatise on Prosody) - A work on Sanskrit prosody.

Notes

1. Jain, Jyoti Prasad (2005), The Jaina Sources of the History of Ancient India (Second ed.), p. 102
2. "Jaina Antiquary". Volume XVIII.1, pp 13-15.
3. Balcerowicz 2003, p. 29.
4. Natubhai Shah 2004, p. 49.
5. Upinder Singh 2008, p. 524.
6. Page 98, Jain, Jyoti Prasad. The Jaina Sources of the History of Ancient India. Second, revised edition: 2005.
7. Page 98, Ibid.
8. Page 98, Ibid.
9. Introduction. Jain, Jaykumar.Samadhitantra. First edition, 2006.
10. Jain 2014, p. xiv.
11. Jain 2014, p. 15.

References

• Singh, Upinder (2008), A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century, New Delhi: Pearson Education, ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0
• Balcerowicz, Piotr, ed. (2003) [2002], Essays in Jaina Philosophy and Religion, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-1977-2
• Shah, Natubhai (2004) [First published in 1998], Jainism: The World of Conquerors, I, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-1938-1
• Jain, Vijay K. (2014), Acarya Pujyapada's Istopadesa – The Golden Discourse, Vikalp Printers, ISBN 9788190363969