RTV-A-3 NATIV

The RTV-A-3 NATIV was an experimental missile developed by North American Aviation for the United States Air Force in the late 1940s to test and evaluate guided missile technologies. The North American Test Instrumentation Vehicle (NATIV) was developed as part of the MX-770 program which was created towards the end of WWII with the intent of developing a long range missile.

RTV-A-3 NATIV
A RTV-A-3 is prepared for a launch test
TypeExperimental test rocket
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service1948
Used byUnited States Air Force
Production history
Designed1947
ManufacturerNorth American Aviation
No. built7
Specifications
Mass1,200 pounds (540 kg)
Length13 feet 4 inches (4.06 m)
Diameter18 inches (460 mm)
EngineRocket
2,600 lbf (12 kN)
Wingspan4 feet 3.5 inches (1.308 m)
Propellantliquid fuel
Operational
range
40 miles (64 km)
Flight ceiling63,000 feet (19,000 m)
Maximum speed c. Mach 3
Guidance
system
None

Conception and design

Exactly what the type of the missile, its range and payload were all changing during the period from the mid 1940s to early 1950s.[1] One major consideration was that limited funds meant that an extensive build / test / modify process such as that used by the Germans in developing the V-2 was not possible. Due to budgetary restraints a great deal more information had to be readily derived from each of far fewer flights.[2]

On the RTV-A-2 (MX-774), a camera recorded the results displayed upon an instrument panel. Both the number of parameters recorded and the survivability of the film record were limited. Therefore, dependence upon the intact recovery of this camera was not desirable.[3]

NATIV was designed to utilize the then-new FM/FM telemetry to send a number of channels of data in real time during the flight of the missile.[4] Development of the NATIV was to contribute to design of the XSSM-A-4 Navajo missile.[5]

The design of the NATIV was influenced by the German Wasserfall which was aerodynamically proven in the speed range to be studied.[6] The shape of the missile and its fins were utilized though at 52% of size of the Wasserfall.[7] The exhaust vanes used for low velocity control of Wasserfall were omitted and preliminary guidance was provided by a launch tower similar to that used by the RTV-A-2 and Aerobee (RTV-N-8 / RTV-A-1)rockets.[8]

The engine for NATIV was a development of the WAC Corporal engine. Built by Aerojet, the 21AL2600 engine was later used by the early Aerobee.[9] With the creation of the United States Air Force in September 1947, Project MX-770 was assigned to the new Air Force, while ballistic missiles were assigned to the Army Ground Forces / Army Service Forces as advanced artillery.[10]

Funding

The NATIV program was poorly funded. Jeff Schmidt, a guidance engineer on the project, commented upon the difficulties of an underfunded ad hoc program being conducted at a remote location. "It had become apparent that the instrumentation program was underfunded and behind schedule . . . we went through scrap bins to get wire."[11]

Failures in the program

Boeing engineers with the GAPA program, which occupied the pad adjacent to the NATIV effort, jokingly deemed the missile "North American Tried In Vain", and after launch failures, labeled it as "Not Able To Increase Velocity."[12]

The NATIV was so primitive that there was little provision for range safety. There was no destruct system so if the missile was tracked on an incorrect trajectory by the SCR-584 radars, the only provision to terminate the flight was to shut down the engine by command.[8]

The surviving data about the NATIV portion of the MX-770 project is sparse and often contradictory.

Though mention is made in some sources of 20 rockets, there is only record of six attempts to launch NATIV.

On the basis of "successful" flights the NATIV missile was a resounding failure. Two flights totally failed, three missiles largely failed, and only one flight succeeded partially.

Legacy

However, the program might well be considered a partial success in that on several missions telemetry of data occurred which was after all was one of the major objectives of the North American Test Instrumentation Vehicle. Under USAF control MX-770 developed into WS-104A which developed the successful RTV-A-5 or X-10 research vehicle, and the much less successful Navaho II (XSSM-A-4, or G-26).[13]

A product of project number MX-770,[5] NATIV - the North American Test Instrument Vehicle - was influenced by the design of the Wasserfall surface-to-air missile developed in Germany during World War II.[6] Used as a test vehicle for missile technology on behalf of the SM-64 Navaho project,[5] information on the results of the NATIV project are inconsistent, with some sources claiming six successes of 20 launch attempts,[6] while others suggest only one of six launch attempts was a partial success.[14]

NATIV was a highly classified program in a highly classified subject and as a result, little hard fact was publicized at the time. By the time the information could be declassified development in the field had made it irrelevant. While almost lost in the history of missile development in the United States NATIV, RTV-A-3, was important for what it was a contributing portion of, both in telemetry and the greater MX-770 program.

References
Notes
  1. Rosenberg, Max, “The Air Force and the National Guided Missile Program 1944-1950,” USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, June 1964, pp. 76, 79, 83, 117–118, 150
  2. Rosenberg, Max, “The Air Force and the National Guided Missile Program 1944-1950,” USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, June 1964, pp. 82, 113–114
  3. Neufeld, Jacob, “The Development of Ballistic Missiles in the United States Air Force 1945-1960,” Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Washington D.C., 1960, p. 46
  4. Mayo-Wells, Wilfrid J., “The Origins of Space Telemetry,” Technology and Culture, Vol.4 No. 4, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1963, pp. 508–509
  5. Jacobs and Whitney 1962, p. 118.
  6. Parsch 2003
  7. Alway, Peter, “In The Shadow of the V-2,” 2000, p. 24
  8. Mattson, Wayne, and Tagg, Martyn “We Develop Missiles, Not Air!,” Air Combat Command USAF, Holloman AFB, New Mexico, 1995 Ihttps://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a309953.pdf3, p. 25
  9. Sutton, George P, “History of Liquid Propellent Rocket Engines,” American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston Virginia, 2005 ISBN 1-56347-649-5, p. 406
  10. Rosenberg, Max, “The Air Force and the National Guided Missile Program 1944-1950,” USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, June 1964, pp. 14–17, 24–25
  11. McMurran, Marshal W., “Achieving Accuracy A Legacy of Computers and Missiles,” Xlibris, ISBN 978-1-4363-8106-2 p. 214
  12. McMurran, Marshal W., “Achieving Accuracy A Legacy of Computers and Missiles,” Xlibris, ISBN 978-1-4363-8106-2 p. 215
  13. Gibson, James N, “Navajo Missile Project,” Schiffer Publishing, Ltd, Atglen, PA, 1996 ISBN 0-7643-0048-2, pp. 16–17
  14. Wade, Mark (ed.) "Nativ". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Accessed 2014-05-08.

Bibliography
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