Raphitoma purpurea

Raphitoma purpurea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.[1]

Raphitoma purpurea
Shell of Raphitoma purpurea (specimen at MNHN, Paris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Conoidea
Family: Raphitomidae
Genus: Raphitoma
Species:
R. purpurea
Binomial name
Raphitoma purpurea
(Montagu, 1803)
Synonyms[1]
  • Clathurella purpurea (Montagu, 1803)
  • Defrancia purpurea (Montagu, 1803)
  • Fusus purpureus Fleming, 1828
  • Homotoma purpurea Montagu, 1804
  • Mangelia purpurea Risso, 1826
  • Murex purpureus Montagu, 1803
  • Philbertia purpurea (Montagu, 1803)
  • Raphitoma (Cyrtoides) rudis intermedia F. Nordsieck, 1968 (dubious syn.)
  • Pleurotoma corbis Pot. & Michd., 1838
  • Pleurotoma cordieri Grat., 1832
  • Pleurotoma fallax Forbes, 1844
  • Pleurotoma purpurea Blainville, 1829
  • Pleurotoma purpureum MacAndrew, 1851
  • Pleurotoma (Clathurella) purpurea Watson, 1897
  • Pleurotoma (Defrancia) purpurea P. Fischer, 1878
  • Raphitoma elegans Blainville, 1829
  • Raphitoma fallax Forbes, 1844
  • Raphitoma intermedia Nordsieck, 1977
  • Raphitoma lineolata fuscata F. Nordsieck, 1977Small text
  • Raphitoma punctatus Brown, 1827
  • Raphitoma (Philbertia) purpurea Nordsieck, 1968

This species forms a complex with Raphitoma bourguignati (Locard, 1891), Raphitoma atropurpurea (Locard & Caziot, 1899), and Raphitoma digiulioi Pusateri & Giannuzzi Savelli, 2017.

Description

The length of the shell varies between 9 mm and 20 mm.

(Original description) The species shows a very rugose shell. It has a of a dark purple colour with sometimes a few spots or blotches of white. It contains nine or ten whorls, rounded, and tapering to an extremely fine, sharp apex. They contain nineteen or twenty ribs, running a little oblique to the right. They are crossed by numerous sharp, elevated ridges, which rise into angles upon the ribs, making the shell very rough, and giving it a cancellated appearance. The aperture is narrow, oval and terminates into a strait siphonal canal. The outer lip is thin. The margin is white, crenated by the striae. The columella striated transversely oblique to the end of the siphonal canal, and somewhat tuberculated. Inside it is purple, marked by the ribs. [2]

The whorls are usually well rounded, clathrate by narrow ribs and almost equally strong revolving ridges. The color of the shell is reddish or purplish brown, white-zoned below the middle of the body whorl, the zone distinct within the lip. [3]

Distribution

This species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean from Northern Europa, the Azores, the Canary Islands to Angola. Fossils were found in Upper Pliocene strata in Italy.

References
  1. Raphitoma purpurea (Montagu, 1803). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 5 April 2010.
  2. Montagu, G. (1803). Testacea Britannica or Natural History of British Shells, Marine, Land, and Fresh-Water, Including the Most Minute: Systematically Arranged and Embellished with Figures. J. White, London, Vol. 1, xxxvii + 291 pp;; Vol. 2, pp. 293–606, pl. 1-16
  3. G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  • Nordsieck F. (1968). Die europäischen Meeres-Gehäuseschnecken (Prosobranchia). Vom Eismeer bis Kapverden und Mittelmeer. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart VIII + 273 pp.
  • Nordsieck F. (1977). The Turridae of the European seas. Roma: La Conchiglia. 131 pp.
  • Høisæter T. (2016). A taxonomic review of the Norwegian species of Raphitoma (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae). Fauna Norvegica. 36: 9-32
  • Pusateri F., Giannuzzi Savelli R., Bartolini S. & Oliverio M. (2017). A revision of the Mediterranean Raphitomidae (Neogastropoda, Conoidea) 4: The species of the group of Raphitoma purpurea (Montagu, 1803) with the description of a new species. Bollettino Malacologico. 53(2): 161-183
  • Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp
  • Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda.
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