Robert F. Turner

Robert F. Turner (born February 14, 1944) is a professor of international law and national security law at the University of Virginia and the co-founder of its Center for National Security Law.

Robert F. Turner
Born (1944-02-14) February 14, 1944
NationalityAmerican
Alma materThe University of Virginia
Scientific career
FieldsInternational law
National Security Law
InstitutionsU.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Naval War College
University of Virginia
WebsiteRobert F. Turner, Professor

He has testified before the United States Congress numerous times, served as a legal advisor to the Departments of State and Defense and as a White House Counsel during the Reagan administration, published articles in national newspapers, been interviewed on national television programs and been cited often by other legal scholars on national security law, international law and the separation of powers doctrine.

Education

Turner earned his BA in Government with honors from Indiana University in 1968. While attending the university, he became chairman of the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists Conservative League.[1] Later, he became the National Research Director for Student Committee for Victory in Vietnam[1][2][3] and engaged in debates with national anti-war protestors and college professors who opposed the war. As National Research Director, he produced a series of pamphlets called Vietnam Cliches that documented facts about the war that were in opposition to antiwar views.[4] He undertook graduate work in history and political science at Stanford University in 1972 and 1973 while in the employ of the Hoover Institution and resumed his graduate studies enrolling in Government and Foreign Affairs coursework in 1979-1981 while attending law school at the University of Virginia, where he earned his J.D degree. He earned a Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) degree from UVA in 1996.[5]

Career

In 1968, Turner served briefly as a correspondent in Vietnam for the Indianapolis News. He then was commissioned as a Captain in the US Army through the ROTC program and assigned to the intelligence services. He served in Vietnam from 1968 through 1971, primarily assigned to MACV on detail to the US Embassy as Assistant Special Projects Officer, North Vietnam/Viet Cong Affairs Division. One of his duties was interviewing senior communist defectors and POWs. In that position, he accumulated first-hand knowledge of Vietnamese communism from those he interviewed, an experience that led to his book, Vietnamese Communism: Its Origins and Development.[6] Another of his duties was briefing US and foreign media. In his capacity as Special Projects Officer, he also authored a top secret monograph on Viet Cong assassination policy.[5]

In 1971 he became a Research Assistant/Associate at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace,[7] where "he contributed ten chapters on communist movements in Southeast Asia to the Yearbook on International Communist Affairs (1972)."[8] While at Stanford, he attended graduate courses in History and Political Science. In 1972 he became a Public Affairs Fellow. He spent his first year researching at Stanford and completing his book on Vietnamese Communism and his second year on Capitol Hill. During that period, he also served as Associate Editor (Asia and Pacific) for the Yearbook on International Communist Affairs (1973-1974).[5][9]

When his fellowship was complete, Turner became Special Assistant and Legislative Assistant to U.S. Senator Robert P. Griffin of Michigan for five years.[7][10] He served as Senator Griffin's national security advisor and was responsible for Foreign Affairs, Armed Services and Intelligence issues.[5] While there, he helpded draft the language that created the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.

In April 1981, Turner co-founded the Center for National Security Law with John Norton Moore.[7] It was "the first organization focused expressly on national security law in the nation, and probably in the world."[11] That same year he took a leave of absence to become the Special Assistant to the UnderSecretary of Defense for Policy as well as Counsel to the President's Intelligence Oversight Board,[7] where he served for two years. Then he served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Legislative and Governmental Affairs for the United States Department of State until 1985.[5]

The following year, Turner became the first President and CEO[12] of the United States Institute of Peace which was established by Congress in 1984, holding the position from 1986 to 1987.

Two years later, he became the Chair of the ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security. He held the post until 1992. He also served as editor of the ABA National Security Law Report.[7][13]

in 1991, Turner co-edited and published National Security Law and Policy, now in its third edition. At the time of its creation, the field of national security law did not exist as a separate discipline in the legal profession. Turner went on to become a three-term chairman of the ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security.[14][15]

In 1994, he received a one-year appointment to the US Naval War College and became the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law,[7][16] "one of [the] oldest and most prestigious academic chairs" at the college.[5][17] That same year, he was described, in a Michigan Law Review article,[18] as (one of the) "two most distinguished and careful commentators" in the area of the law and the Vietnam War.

In 2000, Turner chaired an academic study investigating the paternity of Sally Hemings children.[19] The year-long research project concluded that the most likely father of Hemings' children was the mentally-challenged younger brother of Thomas Jefferson, Randolph Jefferson.[20][21] A book detailing the commission's findings was published in 2011.[22] In his 2012 book "Master of the Mountain", Henry Wiencek described Turner as “Jefferson’s chief scholarly defender”.[23]

Turner is often consulted on national security matters by news reporters[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and is a contributor to the Wall Street Journal on several issues; national security, surveillance laws, the Hemings controversy and the Vietnam War.[39][40][41][42][43][44] He is a contributor to the Washington Post[45][46][47][48] and USA Today[49] as well. He has also spent a lifetime speaking and writing about the Vietnam war[50][51][52][53] and has, for many years, taught graduate and undergraduate seminars on the Vietnam War at UVA.[54] He has testified before "more than a dozen" committees in the House and Senate on national security matters, international law and the separation of powers doctrine, as well as other issues,[5][55] and his books and articles have been cited hundreds of times by other legal scholars[56][57] and are used in courses at Yale and other law schools.[58][59]

Honors and recognition
  • Distinguished Lecturer, United States Military Academy, September 6, 1995 (one of only two lawyers to do so who were not Supreme Court Justices, the other being Judge Robert Bork)[5]
  • Silverman Lecturer, Supreme Court Historical Society, November 12, 2002
  • Seven Society Award for service to the University of Virginia 1992
  • Three term Chairman of the ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security
  • Three term Chairman of the Committee on Executive-Congressional Relations of the ABA Section of International Law Practice
  • Seven term Chairman (and co-Chair) of the Subcommittee on National Security Law of the Federalist Society
  • Member, Board of Directors, Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy (1996–present)[60]
  • International and Operational Law Advisory Board, US Naval War College
  • Member of the Bar, US Supreme Court, Commonwealth of Virginia
  • Member of Mensa
  • Who's Who in American Law (two years after graduating)
  • Who's Who in the World
  • SACEI Person of the Year (first recipient)[61]

Books
  • Turner, Robert F. (1975). Vietnamese Communism: Its Origins and Development (1st ed.). Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 9780817964313. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Turner, Robert F. (1983). The war powers resolution : its implementation in theory and practice. Philadelphia, Penn.: Foreign Policy Research Inst. ISBN 978-0910191067. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Moore, John Norton; Turner, Robert F.; Management, United States President's Blue Ribbon Commission on Defense (1986). The legal structure of Defense organization: memorandum. The Commission. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Turner, Robert F. (1987). Nicaragua v. United States: A Look at the Facts. Cambridge, MA: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc. ISBN 0-08-034499-2. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Moore, John Norton; Turner, Robert F. (1987). International Law and the Brezhnev Doctrine. Charlottesville, VA: The Center for National Security Law. ISBN 978-0819157959. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Turner, Robert F. (1991). Repealing the War Powers Resolution : restoring the rule of law in U.S. foreign policy. Washington: Brassey's. ISBN 978-0080374352. Retrieved 28 November 2017. Robert F. Turner.
  • Moore, John Norton; Turner, Robert F. (1995). Readings on international law from the Naval War College review, 1978-1994. Newport, RI: Naval War College. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Turner, Robert F. (1999). The ABM Treaty and the Senate. Charlottesville, VA: Center for National Security Law. ISBN 0-917193-01-6. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Moore, John Norton; Turner, Robert F. (2002). Real Lessons of the Vietnam War: Reflections Twenty-Five Years After the Fall of Saigon (1st ed.). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 0-89089-648-8. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Moore, John Norton; Roberts, Guy B.; Turner, Robert F. (2005). National Security Law Documents (2nd ed.). Durhan, NC: Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 978-1611637045. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Fischer, Ross A.; Moore, John Norton; Turner, Robert F. (2006). To Oppose Any Foe: The Legacy of U.S. Intervention in Vietnam. Durhan, NC: Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 1-59460-206-9. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Moore, John Norton; Turner, Robert F. (2010). Legal Issues in the Struggle Against Terror. Durham,NC: Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-59460-830-8. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Matter, Scholars Commission on the Jefferson-Hemings (2011). The Jefferson-Hemings Controversy: Report of the Scholars Commission. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 9780890890851. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  • Moore, John Norton; Roberts, Guy B.; Turner, Robert F. (2015). National Security Law & Policy (3rd ed.). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 978-1611637045. Retrieved 28 November 2017.

References
  1. Lantzer, Jason S. (1 June 2005). "The Other Side of Campus: Indiana University's Student Right and the Rise of National Conservatism". Indiana Magazine of History. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  2. "Student Committee Urges Viet Victory By Bombing All Vital Military Targets". stanforddailyarchive.com. 151 (43). Stanford Daily. 20 April 1967. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  3. "Liberated by the Viet Cong". The Library of Congress. National Student Committee For Victory In Vietnam. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  4. Turner, Robert F. "Vietnam Cliches". www.vietnam.ttu.edu. National Student Committee for Victory in Vietnam. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  5. "Robert F. Turner bio" (PDF). Policy Experts. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  7. "Prof. Robert F. Turner". The Federalist Society. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  8. Staar, Richard Felix; Drachkovitch, Milorad M.; Gann, Lewis H. (1972). Yearbook on International Communist Affairs. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  9. Staar, F. Richard (1974). Yearbook on International Communist Affairs, 1974. Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 9780817964016. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  10. "Robert F. Turner". University of Virginia School of Law. University of Virginia. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  11. Moore, John Norton; Roberts, Guy B.; Turner, Robert F. (2015). National Security Law & Policy (3rd ed.). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. p. xiii. ISBN 978-1611637045. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  12. "Current and Past Leadership". United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  13. Turner, Robert F. (2007). "Ten Questions: Responses of Robert F. Turner". William Mitchell Law Review. 33 (5): 1605. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  14. "Links of Interest | Standing Committee". www.americanbar.org. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  15. Gellman, Barton (25 January 1991). "Washingtonpost.com: Fog of War - Post Archive". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  16. "U.S. Naval War College | Stockton Professors". usnwc2.usnwc.edu. U.S. Naval War College. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  17. Hattendorf, John. "Rear Admiral Charles H. Stockton, the Naval War College and the Lae of Warfare". International Law Studies. 71 (The Law of Armed Conflict: Into the Next Millenium): xvii. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  18. Bobbitt, Phillip (1994). "War Powers: An Essay on John Hart Ely's War and Responsibility: Constitutional Lessons of Vietnam and Its Aftermath". Michigan Law Review. 92 (6): 1372. doi:10.2307/1289586. JSTOR 1289586.
  19. "The Scholars Commission". Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  20. Achorn, Edward (29 October 2012). "Reasonable Doubt". Weekly Standard. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  21. "Scholars Overturn Case for Thomas Jefferson's Relationship with Slave Sally Hemings | Capitalism Magazine". capitalismmagazine.com. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  22. Dinan, Stephen (30 August 2011). "New book disputes claim Jefferson fathered children of slave Hemings". The Washington Times. The Washington Times. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  23. Wiencek, Henry (2012). Master of the Mountain: Thomas Jefferson and His Slaves (1st ed.). New York City, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 189. ISBN 9781466827783. Retrieved 3 December 2017. master of the mountain.
  24. Frommer, Frederic J. (16 December 2013). "Judge rules NSA phone record collection unconstitutional - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  25. Jacoby, Jeff. "From Appomattox to Vietnam: What happens when the US troops leave? - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  26. Bade, Rachael (21 August 2013). "Pro Report: NSA gathered non-terrorism related emails for years - Manning gets 35 years - Obama to give education speeches Thursday - Meet the ACA swing states". POLITICO. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  27. Staff, TIME. "Former Spy Boss Says Judge 'Not in Good Position' to Pronounce on NSA Program". Time. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  28. Brownstein, Ronald (1 April 2006). "Seats Notably Empty at Censure Hearing". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  29. Ostrow, Ronald J. (13 November 1990). "Legal Experts Split Over Bush's Power : Policy: Talk of launching an offensive against Iraq sparks questions about the need for congressional approval". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  30. McManus, Doyle (11 January 2003). "A U.S. License to Kill". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  31. Weinstein, Henry (3 March 2005). "2 Recruited to Spy for U.S. Can't Sue CIA, Justices Say". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  32. Maass, Allison (16 June 2017). "Expert: Detained American's release could be sign of better relations with North Korea". Circa. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  33. Harmon, Tomas (14 June 2017). "Foreign affairs expert: Unclear North Korea is telling the truth about Otto Warmbier". CBS19News. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  34. Jacobson, Louis. "Do presidents have 'the ability to declassify anything'?". @politifact. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  35. Mali, Meghashyam (12 August 2014). "Experts: Obama walks fine line on strikes". TheHill. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  36. "U.S. has 'little influence' after student is sentenced in N. Korea". Washington Post. Reuters. 17 March 2016.
  37. Purdum, Todd S. (27 March 2003). "A NATION AT WAR: THE CASUALTIES; Delicate Calculus of Casualties and Public Opinion". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  38. Lichtblau, Eric; Liptak, Adam (28 January 2006). "Bush Presses On in Legal Defense for Wiretapping". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  39. Turner, Robert F. (11 July 2012). "The Myth of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  40. Turner, Robert F. (18 December 2013). "Why Judge Leon's NSA Ruling Is Wrong". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  41. Turner, Robert F. (28 December 2005). "FISA vs. the Constitution". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  42. Turner, Robert F. (3 July 2001). "The Truth About Jefferson". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  43. Turner, Robert F. "No Due ProcessFor Enemy Combatants". WSJ. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  44. Turner, Robert F. (23 October 2008). "From the Beirut Bombing to 9/11". Wall Street Journal.
  45. Turner, P. X. Kelley and Robert F. (26 July 2007). "P.X. Kelley and Robert F. Turner - War Crimes and the White House". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  46. Turner, Robert F. (5 February 1995). "SKIRTING THE LAW ON CAPITOL HILL". Washington Post.
  47. Kelley, P. X.; Turner, Robert F. (23 October 1994). "OUT OF HARM'S WAY". Washington Post.
  48. Turner, Robert F. (12 October 2001). "Congress Can't Keep A Secret". Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  49. Turner, Robert F. "Calm down and consider the facts: Opposing view". USA TODAY. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  50. Tilove, Johnathan (23 April 2016). "Vietnam War Summit at LBJ Library examines complex, tragic legacy". mystatesman. The Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  51. Turner, Robert F. (29 April 2015). "Saigon's Fall Still Echoes Today". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  52. Turner, Robert F. (24 October 1972). "ISSUES 1972". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  53. Carroll, John S. (15 October 1972). "After we get out, will there be". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  54. "Robert F. Turner: How the Vietnam War Started". historynewsnetwork.org.
  55. "Legislative Search Results". Congress.gov. Congressional Record. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  56. "Google Scholar". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  57. "Search for Robert F. Turner cties". Office of the Provost & Executive Vice President. Indiana University. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  58. "Search for Robert F. Turner cites". digitalcommons.law.yale.edu. Yale Law School. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  59. "Search for Robert F. Turner cites". www.law.georgetown.edu. Georgetown Law. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  60. "Board of Directors :: Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy". www.thomasjeffersoninst.org. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  61. "THE 2010 SACEI PERSON OF THE YEAR AWARD" (PDF). SACEI07.org. Saigon Arts, Culture & Entertainment Institute. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
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