Robert V. Shannon

Robert V. Shannon is Research Professor of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Affiliated Research Professor of Biomedical Engineering at University of Southern California, CA, USA.[1] Shannon investigates the basic mechanisms underlying auditory neural processing by users of cochlear implants, auditory brainstem implants, and midbrain implants.

Robert V. Shannon
NationalityAmerican
EducationPhD, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Scientific career
FieldsBiomedical Engineering, Auditory sciences
InstitutionsHouse Ear Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Thesis"Suppression of Forward Masking" (1975)
Doctoral advisorDavid M. Green
Doctoral studentsDeniz Başkent

Biography

Shannon received his B.A. degrees in Mathematics and Psychology from the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, in 1971. After obtaining his PhD in Psychology at the University of California, San Diego, CA, USA, in 1975, he completed two postdocs, one at Institute for Perception, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO; English: Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research), Soesterberg, Netherlands, and University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. After faculty positions at University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, and Boys Town National Research Hospital (BTNRH), he served as the director of Department of Auditory Implant and Perception Research, House Ear Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA, with an affiliated research professor position at Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Shannon has been a founding organizer of Conference on Implantable Auditory Prostheses (CIAP).[2] In 1996, Shannon was elected Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America "for contributions in the psychoelectric study of hearing."[3] In 2007, Shannon served as the President of Association for Research in Otolaryngology (ARO),[4] and in 2011 he was the Recipient of ARO Award of Merit.[5]

As of 2018, Shannon is serving as a Member of Hearing4All Scientific Advisory Board,[6] and Board of Directors of Hearing Health Foundation.[7]

Research

Shannon has been one of the earlier and main researchers studying the psychophysics of electrical stimulation in cochlear-implant users,[8][9] laying out the foundations for fundamental limitations and capabilities of sound perception with a cochlear implant. Later, Shannon has expanded his research to also include auditory brainstem implants and auditory midbrain implants.[10]

A key early contribution was the development of a research interface that could be used by researchers to independently achieve stimulus control in electric stimulation (now referred to as direct stimulation).[11] In 1995, Shannon and colleagues published a study on perception of speech that was manipulated in temporal envelope and fine structure. More specifically, using noiseband vocoding, inherent degradations of cochlear-implant speech signal transmission were (loosely) mimicked by removing most temporal fine structure and limiting envelope information to a small number of spectral channels.[12] This paper showed both the importance of envelop information for speech perception, as well as providing an initial explanation why, in quiet listening environments, cochlear-implant users can perceive speech well, despite those degradations. In a later study, Shannon and colleagues provided early evidence that one of the main limiting factors in speech perception by cochlear-implant users is reduced spectral resolution.[13] What this paper showed was that the limitation in spectral resolution was not caused by the limited number of electrodes, which each delivers distinct spectral information of speech. Instead, it seemed to be caused by an internal factor, namely, channel interactions, a consequence of direct electric stimulation of the auditory nerve.

Shannon has supervised a number of PhD students and postdocs, whose projects lead to a comprehensive exploration of the effects of front-end processing and related parameters of cochlear-implant signal processing and electrode placement on sound and speech perception.[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

References
  1. "Robert Shannon, | Keck School of Medicine of USC". keck.usc.edu. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  2. "Organization Conference on Implantable Auditory Prostheses". www.ciaphome.org. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  3. "Acoustical News—USA". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 100 (4): 1915–1922. October 1996. doi:10.1121/1.2336982.
  4. "Past Presidents - Association for Research in Otolaryngology". www.aro.org. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  5. "Award of Merit Recipients - Association for Research in Otolaryngology". www.aro.org. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  6. "Hearing4all - Scientific Advisory Board". hearing4all.eu. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  7. "Leadership". Hearing Health Foundation. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  8. Shannon, Robert V. (August 1983). "Multichannel electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in man. I. Basic psychophysics". Hearing Research. 11 (2): 157–189. doi:10.1016/0378-5955(83)90077-1.
  9. Shannon, Robert V. (October 1983). "Multichannel electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in man. II. Channel interaction". Hearing Research. 12 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1016/0378-5955(83)90115-6.
  10. "Robert V Shannon - Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  11. Shannon, Robert V.; Adams, Doug D.; Ferrel, Roger L.; Palumbo, Robert L.; Grandgenett, Michael (February 1990). "A computer interface for psychophysical and speech research with the Nucleus cochlear implant". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 87 (2): 905–907. doi:10.1121/1.398902.
  12. Shannon, R. V.; Zeng, F.-G.; Kamath, V.; Wygonski, J.; Ekelid, M. (October 1995). "Speech Recognition with Primarily Temporal Cues". Science. 270 (5234): 303–304. doi:10.1126/science.270.5234.303. PMID 7569981.
  13. Friesen, Lendra M.; Shannon, Robert V.; Baskent, Deniz; Wang, Xiaosong (August 2001). "Speech recognition in noise as a function of the number of spectral channels: Comparison of acoustic hearing and cochlear implants". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 110 (2): 1150–1163. doi:10.1121/1.1381538. PMID 11519582.
  14. Fu, Qian-Jie; Shannon, Robert V. (November 1998). "Effects of amplitude nonlinearity on phoneme recognition by cochlear implant users and normal-hearing listeners". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 104 (5): 2570–2577. doi:10.1121/1.423912.
  15. Fu, Qian-Jie; Shannon, Robert V.; Wang, Xiaosong (December 1998). "Effects of noise and spectral resolution on vowel and consonant recognition: Acoustic and electric hearing". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 104 (6): 3586–3596. doi:10.1121/1.423941.
  16. Fu, Qian-Jie; Shannon, Robert V. (January 2000). "Effect of stimulation rate on phoneme recognition by Nucleus-22 cochlear implant listeners". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 107 (1): 589–597. doi:10.1121/1.428325.
  17. Chatterjee, Monita; Shannon, Robert V. (May 1998). "Forward masked excitation patterns in multielectrode electrical stimulation". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 103 (5): 2565–2572. doi:10.1121/1.422777. PMID 9604350.
  18. Başkent, Deniz; Shannon, Robert V. (November 2004). "Frequency-place compression and expansion in cochlear implant listeners". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 116 (5): 3130–3140. doi:10.1121/1.1804627.
  19. Başkent, Deniz; Shannon, Robert V. (March 2005). "Interactions between cochlear implant electrode insertion depth and frequency-place mapping". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 117 (3): 1405–1416. doi:10.1121/1.1856273.
  20. Srinivasan, Arthi G.; Padilla, Monica; Shannon, Robert V.; Landsberger, David M. (May 2013). "Improving speech perception in noise with current focusing in cochlear implant users". Hearing Research. 299: 29–36. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2013.02.004. PMC 3639477. PMID 23467170.
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