Rohingya genocide case

The Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar), commonly referred to as the Rohingya genocide case,[1][2] is a case currently being heard by the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar)
CourtInternational Court of Justice
Citation(s)Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar)

Background

The Rohingya people are a Muslim Indo-Aryan[3] ethnic minority in Buddhist majority Myanmar who, in recent years, have faced mass persecution and ethnic cleansing that has been described as a genocide. [4][5][6] The state government deems them illegal immigrants, but the Rohingya people argue that they have lived in the area for generations and that this treatment is unfair to the Muslims.[7]

According to The Economist, regarding Aung San Suu Kyi's motivation for taking up the defendants' cause, "It is hard to escape the conclusion that she is exploiting the Rohingyas' misery to boost her party's prospects in elections due in 2020."[8]

Aung San Suu Kyi describes this conflict as "internal armed conflict" that were triggered by Rohingya attacks on the government of Myanmar. The judge presiding the case, Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf, has given Myanmar four months to implement his rulings: Myanmar must take "all measure within its power" to prevent genocide. [9]

Procedural history

On 11 November 2019, The Gambia lodged a 35-page application with the ICJ against Myanmar, initiating the case on the basis of the erga omnes character of the obligations enshrined in the Genocide Convention.[10] The application alleged that Myanmar has committed mass murder, rape and destruction of communities against the Rohingya group in Rakhine state since about October 2016 and that these actions violate the Genocide Convention. Outside counsel for The Gambia includes a team from the law firm Foley Hoag led by Paul Reichler, as well as Professors Philippe Sands of University College London and Payam Akhavan of McGill University.[11][12][13] On the other side, leader and State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi is representing Myanmar, along with a legal team.[14]

The Gambia also submitted a request for the indication of provisional measures of protection. The ICJ held a public hearing on that request for three days, 10-12 December 2019.[15] A commentator described the hearing as a "remarkable spectacle," noting that The Gambia's team provided "brutal descriptions" of atrocities, while Aung San Suu Kyi avoided using the word “Rohingya”—except in a reference to the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army.[16]

On 23 January 2020, the ICJ issued an order on The Gambia's request for provisional measures. The order "indicated" (i.e., issued) provisional measures ordering Myanmar to prevent genocidal acts against the Rohingya Muslims during the pendency of the case, and to report regularly on its implementation of the order.[17]

The Court issued a procedural order on the same date, setting filing deadlines of 23 July 2020 for The Gambia's Memorial, and 25 January 2021 for Myanmar's responsive Counter-Memorial.[18]

On 18 May 2020, The Court issued an extension for The Gambia's memorial and set a filing deadline of 23 October 2020. Similarly, an extension was granted to Myanmar set at 23 July 2021. [19]

Analyses

Analyzing the decision in the blog of the European Journal of International Law, Dr. Marko Milanovic, a professor at the University of Nottingham School of Law, called the Court's order "obviously a win for The Gambia, and for the Rohingya cause more generally," but also noted that the order largely only replicated existing "state obligations under the Genocide Convention," and did not include the broader measures and statements that The Gambia had requested.[20]

See also

References
  1. "Fallen rights icon at UN court for Rohingya genocide case". AP News. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  2. Solomon, Niharika Mandhana and Feliz. "Rohingya Genocide Case Against Myanmar Opens Before U.N. Court". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  3. Haque, Md Mahbubul (2 October 2017). "Rohingya Ethnic Muslim Minority and the 1982 Citizenship Law in Burma". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 37 (4): 454–469. doi:10.1080/13602004.2017.1399600. ISSN 1360-2004.
  4. "Is refugee crisis 'textbook ethnic cleansing'?". 24 April 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2019 – via www.bbc.com.
  5. "Factbox: Myanmar on trial for Rohingya genocide – the legal cases". Reuters. 21 November 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  6. "Report of Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar (27 August 2018)". ohchr.org. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  7. "World court acts to prevent Rohingya genocide". BBC News. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  8. "Aung San Suu Kyi has gone from hero to villain". The Economist. 11 December 2019.
  9. "World court acts to prevent Rohingya genocide". BBC News. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  10. Application instituting proceedings and Request for the indication of provisional measures. International Court of Justice. 11 November 2019.
  11. "Foley Hoag Leads the Gambia's Legal Team in Historic Case to Stop Myanmar's Genocide Against the Rohingya | Foley Hoag". foleyhoag.com. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  12. Bowcott, Owen (11 November 2019). "Gambia files Rohingya genocide case against Myanmar at UN court". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 December 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.
  13. "The Republic of The Gambia institutes proceedings against the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and asks the Court to indicate provisional measures (press release)" (PDF) (Press release). International Court of Justice. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  14. John, Tara. "Aung San Suu Kyi to defend Myanmar in genocide case". CNN. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  15. "Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar) - Request for the indication of provisional measures - The Court to hold public hearings from Tuesday 10 to Thursday 12 December 2019" (PDF). International Court of Justice. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  16. Becker, Michael. "The Challenges for the ICJ in the Reliance on UN Fact-Finding Reports in the Case against Myanmar". EJIL: Talk!. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  17. Paddock, Richard C. (23 January 2020). "U.N. Court Orders Myanmar to Protect Rohingya Muslims". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  18. "Order" (PDF). International Court of Justice. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  19. "Order" (PDF). International Court of Justice. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  20. Milanovic, Marko. "ICJ Indicates Provisional Measures in the Myanmar Genocide Case". EJIL:Talk!. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
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