Rothia dentocariosa

Rothia dentocariosa (previously known as Stomatococcus mucilaginosus) is a species of Gram-positive, round- to rod-shaped bacteria that is part of the normal community of microbes residing in the mouth and respiratory tract.

Rothia dentocariosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Actinobacteria
Order:
Actinomycetales
Family:
Actinomycetaceae[1]
Genus:
Rothia
Species:
R. dentocariosa
Binomial name
Rothia dentocariosa
(Onishi 1949) Georg and Brown 1967[2]

First isolated from dental caries, Rothia dentocariosa is largely benign, but does very rarely cause disease. The most common Rothia infection is endocarditis, typically in people with underlying heart valve disorders.[3] Literature case reports show other tissues that are rarely infected include the peritoneum,[4] tonsils,[5] lung,[3] cornea,[6] inner layers of the eye (Endophthalmitis)[7] and brain and intercranial tissues.[3] It has been implicated in periodontal disease, and one hypothesis is that Rothia periodontal disease, or dental procedures in turn, may be first steps in the infection of other tissues.[3] One case reports on a fatal Rothia dentocariosa infection of a fetus in utero.[8] Another reports the bacterium was responsible for septic arthritis in the knee of a person treated with etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis.[9] Like other Rothia infections reported in the literature, once the cause of infection was identified, this responded fully to treatment with antibiotics. Rothia infections may be treated with penicillins, erythromycin, cefazolin, rifampin, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.[3]

Variable or pleomorphic in shape and similar to Actinomyces and Nocardia, Rothia was only defined as a genus in 1967.[3] Rothia dentocariosa, like several other species of oral bacteria, is able to reduce nitrate to nitrite, and one study found it in 3% of isolates of nitrate-reducing bacteria from the mouth.[10]

References
  1. R. dentocariosa
  2. Parte, A.C. "Rothia". LPSN.
  3. Ricaurte, JC; Klein, O; Labombardi, V; Martinez, V; Serpe, A; Joy, M (2001). "Rothia dentocariosa endocarditis complicated by multiple intracranial hemorrhages". Southern Medical Journal. 94 (4): 438–40. doi:10.1097/00007611-200194040-00018. PMID 11332915.
  4. Morris SK, Nag S, Suh KN, A Evans G (May 2004). "Recurrent chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-associated infection due to rothia dentocariosa". Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 15 (3): 171–3. doi:10.1155/2004/823463. PMC 2094970. PMID 18159489.
  5. Ohashi, M.; Yoshikawa, T.; Akimoto, S.; Fujita, A.; Hayakawa, S.; Takahashi, M.; Arakawa, Y.; Asano, Y. (2005). "Severe acute tonsillitis caused by Rothia dentocariosa in a healthy child". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 24 (5): 466–467. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000160958.26544.38. PMID 15876953.
  6. Morley, A.; Tuft, S. (2006). "Rothia dentocariosa isolated from a corneal ulcer". Cornea. 25 (9): 1128–1129. doi:10.1097/01.ico.0000226362.11431.81. PMID 17133072. S2CID 5468203.
  7. MacKinnon, M. M.; m., M. R.; j., J. R. (2001). "A case of Rothia dentocariosa endophthalmitis". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 20 (10): 756–757. doi:10.1007/s100960100589. PMID 11757983. S2CID 32306258.
  8. Karlsson, M.; Jacobsson, B. (2007). "Intrauterine fetal death associated with Rothia dentocariosa: a case report". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 197 (5): e6–e7. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.08.024. PMID 17980173.
  9. Favero, M.; Raffeiner, B.; Cecchin, D.; Schiavon, F. (2009). "Septic Arthritis Caused by Rothia dentocariosa in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Etanercept Therapy" (PDF). The Journal of Rheumatology. 36 (12): 2846–2847. doi:10.3899/jrheum.090276. PMID 19966198. S2CID 38980754.
  10. Doel, J. J.; Benjamin, N. .; Hector, M. P.; Rogers, M. .; Allaker, R. P. (2005). "Evaluation of bacterial nitrate reduction in the human oral cavity". European Journal of Oral Sciences. 113 (1): 14–9. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00184.x. PMID 15693824.
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