SMS V6 (1913)


SMS V6[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] was a V1-class torpedo boat of the Imperial German Navy. The ship was built by AG Vulcan, completing in 1913. She served in the First World War with the German High Seas Fleet, taking part in the Battle of Jutland. After the war, she served with the Weimar Republic's Reichsmarine until stricken in 1929 and was subsequently broken up.

History
German Empire
Name: V6
Builder: AG Vulcan Stettin, Germany
Stricken: 27 March 1929
General characteristics
Displacement: 697 t (686 long tons)
Length: 71.1 m (233 ft 3 in) oa
Beam: 7.6 m (24 ft 11 in)
Draft: 3.11 m (10 ft 2 in)
Propulsion:
Speed: 32 knots (59.3 km/h; 36.8 mph)
Range: 1,190 nmi (2,200 km; 1,370 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph)
Complement: 74 officers and sailors
Armament:

Construction and design

In 1911, the Imperial German Navy placed orders for a flotilla of 12 torpedo boats as part of its shipbuilding programme for that year, with one half flotilla of six ordered from AG Vulcan, and six from Germaniawerft.[lower-alpha 3] The 1911 torpedo boats were smaller than those ordered in recent years in order to be more manoeuvrable and so work better with the fleet, which resulted in the numbering series for torpedo boats being restarted. The reduction in size resulted in the ships' seaworthiness being adversely affected,[2] with the 1911 torpedo boats and the similar craft of the 1912 programme acquiring the disparaging nickname "Admiral Lans' cripples".[1][3]

In July 1912, shortly before the outbreak of the First Balkan War, two of the under-construction 1911 Vulcan torpedo boats, V5 and V6 were sold to Greece as part of an urgent programme to build up the strength of the Greek Navy, becoming Keravnos and Nea Genea.[4] Two replacement ships were ordered for the German navy, sharing the same names as the two sold ships. The new V6, yard number 320, was launched from Vulcan's Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin in Poland) shipyard on 28 February 1913 and commissioned on 17 May that year.[3]

The ship was 71.1 metres (233 ft 3 in) long overall and 70.2 metres (230 ft 4 in) at the waterline, with a beam of 7.6 metres (24 ft 11 in) and a draught of 3.11 metres (10 ft 2 in). Displacement was 569 tonnes (560 long tons) normal and 697 tonnes (686 long tons) deep load. Three coal-fired and one oil-fired water-tube boilers fed steam to two direct-drive steam turbines rated at 17,000 metric horsepower (17,000 shp; 13,000 kW), giving a design speed of 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph).[3] 107 tonnes (105 long tons) of coal and 78 tonnes (77 long tons) of oil were carried, giving a range of 1,190 nautical miles (2,200 km; 1,370 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) or 490 nautical miles (910 km; 560 mi) at 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph).[2]

Armament consisted of two 8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/30 naval guns[lower-alpha 4] in single mounts fore and aft, together with four 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes with one reload torpedo carried. Up to 18 mines could be carried. In 1916 the L/30 guns were replaced by more powerful 8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45 guns.[2][3] In 1921 she was rearmed with two 10.5 cm SK L/45 naval guns and two 50 cm torpedo tubes, and was fitted with new boilers.[3] The ship had a crew of 74 officers and other ranks.[2]

Service

On commissioning, V6 joined the 9th Half-flotilla of the 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla, serving as the leader of the half-flotilla.[5]

First World War

On the outbreak of the First World War, V6 was part of the 9th Half-Flotilla of the 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla.[6] On 28 August 1914, a British force of destroyers and cruisers supported by battlecruisers made a sortie into the Heligoland Bight in order to ambush German torpedo boats on patrol, which caused the Battle of Heligoland Bight. The 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla, including V6, were sent out from Heligoland to investigate sightings of British submarines (which were deployed as bait to draw out German ships), and ran into several British destroyers. The Flotilla then turned away to try and escape the trap, but the torpedo boat V1, which along with S13 could not make full speed and lagged behind the rest of the flotilla, was hit by British shells before the arrival of the German cruiser Stettin allowed the 5th Flotilla to escape.[7][8] In total, however, three German light cruisers (Ariadne, Cöln and Mainz) and one torpedo boat of the German outer screen (V187) had been sunk.[9]

On 7–8 September 1915, the 5th and 9th Torpedo Boat Flotillas carried out a reconnaissance sweep in the German Bight,[10] with V6 leading the 9th Half-Flotilla. On the morning of 8 September 1915, when about 20 nmi (23 mi; 37 km) south of the Horns Reef lightvessel, the torpedo boats V1 and G12 collided, sinking G12 and badly damaging V1.[2][11] V6 and G10 assisted when the torpedo boat V3 took V1 under tow.[12]

At the Battle of Jutland on 31 May–1 June 1916, V6 was part of the 9th Half-Flotilla, 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla, operating in support of the main German battle fleet.[13] From about 20:15 CET (19:15 GMT), the German torpedo boat flotillas launched a series of torpedo attacks against the British battle line in order to cover the German fleet's turn away from the British. First to attack were the 6th and 9th Flotillas, followed by the 3rd Flotilla. At 20:38, the 5th Flotilla started an attack run, but it was unable to find the British battle-line due to poor visibility caused by fog and smoke, and the attack was aborted.[14][15] During the night action, the 5th Flotilla was ordered to search for and attack the British fleet, but failed to encounter the British battleships.[16] At about 03:15 hr CET (i.e. 02:15 hr GMT) V6 and sister ships V2 and V4 were accompanying the German Fleet on its journey back to base when a large underwater explosion, probably due to a floating mine, blew the bows off V4. After V6 and V2 rescued the survivors from V4, V6 scuttled V4 with shellfire and a torpedo.[17]

By late April 1917, the torpedo boats of the 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla had been fitted for minesweeping and their crews trained in that task, and became increasingly dedicated to minesweeping.[18] V6 remained part of the 9th Half-Flotilla of the 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla at the end of the War in November 1918.[19]

Postwar operations

V6 survived the war, and was one of the twelve destroyers that the Reichsmarine was allowed to retain under the Treaty of Versailles.[20][lower-alpha 5] In early 1923 V6 was serving in the North Sea.[21] By 1929, the Reichsmarine had taken delivery of twelve Type 24 and Type 25 torpedo boats, and therefore disposed of the least useful of its old torpedo boats in order to keep within Treaty limits.[22] She was stricken on 27 March 1929 and was broken up at Wilhelmshaven.[3]

Notes
  1. "SMS" stands for "Seiner Majestät Schiff" (German: His Majesty's Ship)
  2. The "V" in V6 denotes the shipyard at which she was built, in this case AG Vulcan.[1]
  3. The Imperial German Navy's practice was to split a year's orders into half-flotillas of six torpedo boats from different builders, to differing detailed design.[1]
  4. In Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, the L/30 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/30 gun is 30 caliber, meaning that the gun is 30 times as long as it is in diameter.
  5. Although treated as destroyers under the treaty, V6 and other ships of her class were always referred to as torpedo boats by the Germans.[20]

References
  1. Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 164
  2. Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 167
  3. Gröner 1983, p. 51
  4. Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 167, 386
  5. Rangelist der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine für Das Jahr 1914 (in German). Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn. 1914. p. 64 – via Heinrich Hein Universität Düsseldorf.
  6. Fock 1989, p. 347
  7. Massie 2007, pp. 98–99, 102–104
  8. Naval Staff Monograph No. 11 1921, pp. 122–123, 162
  9. Massie 2007, pp. 111–115
  10. Fock 1989, p. 363
  11. Gröner 1983, p. 52
  12. Groos 1924, p. 283
  13. Campbell 1998, pp. 14, 25
  14. Massie 2007, pp. 627, 629
  15. Campbell 1998, pp. 210–215
  16. Campbell 1998, pp. 261–263, 277, 283–284
  17. Campbell 1998, pp. 309, 339
  18. Fock 1989, p. 361
  19. Fock 1989, p. 348
  20. Gardiner & Chesneau 1980, p. 223
  21. Dodson 2019, p. 140
  22. Dodson 2019, p. 141

Bibliography
  • Campbell, John (1998). Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-750-3.
  • Dodson, Aidan (2019). "Beyond the Kaiser: The IGN's Destroyers and Torpedo Boats After 1918". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2019. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 129–144. ISBN 978-1-4728-3595-6.
  • Fock, Harald (1989). Z-Vor! Internationale Entwicklung und Kriegseinsätze von Zerstörern und Torpedobooten 1914 bis 1939 (in German). Herford, Germany: Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mBH. ISBN 3-7822-0207-4.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger, eds. (1980). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Gröner, Erich (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnelleboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote (in German). Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 3-7637-4801-6.
  • Groos, O. (1924). Der Krieg in der Nordsee: Vierter Band: Von Unfang Februar bis Dezember 1915. Der Krieg zur See: 1914–1918. Berlin: Verlag von E. S. Mittler und Sohn – via National Library of Estonia.
  • Massie, Robert K. (2007). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. London: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-099-52378-9.
  • Monograph No. 11: Heligoland Bight—The Action of August 28, 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). III. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1921. pp. 110–166. OCLC 220734221.
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