SS Meredith Victory

The SS Meredith Victory was a United States Merchant Marine Victory ship, a type of cargo freighter built for World War II. Under the leadership of Captain Leonard LaRue, Meredith Victory is credited with the largest humanitarian rescue operation by a single ship,[4] evacuating more than 14,000 refugees in a single trip during the Korean War. The vessel has often been described as the "Ship of Miracles" as it was designed to carry only 12 passengers with a 47-person crew.[5]

SS Meredith Victory at sea
History
United States
Name: SS Meredith Victory
Builder: CalShip, Los Angeles, California
Laid down: May 1, 1945
Launched: June 23, 1945
Completed: July 24, 1945
Identification: IMO number: 5232593
Honors and
awards:		 Gallant Ship Award *Korea Presidential Unit Citation * Meritorious Service Medal
Fate: Broken up and scrapped in China, 1993
General characteristics
Tonnage: 10,658[1]
Displacement: 15200 tons (at 28-foot draft)[2]
Length: 455 feet (139 m)[2]
Beam: 62 feet (19 m)[2]
Draft: 28 feet (7.6 m)[2]
Depth of hold: 38 feet (11.5 m)[2]
Speed: 15 to 17 knots (28 to 31 km/h)
Capacity: 59 total (35 crew members, 12 officers, and 12 passengers)[1]
Armament:
Notes: [3]

History

The SS Meredith Victory was named after Meredith College, a small women's college in North Carolina.[6] The ship was built to transport supplies and equipment overseas during World War II. During World War II, she was operated by American President Lines. In 1950, she was laid up at Olympia, Washington, as part of the National Defense Reserve Fleet. She was then deployed in the Korean War.

In December 1950, United Nations Command troops were retreating from northeast Korea after a massive assault by Chinese and North Korean forces. Over 100,000 UNC soldiers were to evacuate the city of Hungnam on 193 ships bound for the southern port of Busan. News of the evacuation spread, and nearly an equal number of civilians also gathered at the port, hoping to board these vessels as well.

On December 21, Captain Leonard LaRue decided to unload nearly all weapons and supplies from his ship in order to evacuate as many refugees as possible. Boarding went on from the afternoon of December 22 until the next morning.[7] Using booms and makeshift elevators, the crew filled the five cargo holds and the entire main deck. Although the ship was built to accommodate only 12 passengers, besides the crew and staff, more than 14,000 Korean civilians were crammed aboard. Meredith Victory departed shortly after 11 am on December 23 for Busan, about 450 sea miles away,[8] as gunfire from UNC ships and explosives destroyed the port in an "enemy-denial-operation" razing. The ship had no escort or means of self-defense.[8]

Years later, LaRue would reflect on that trip:[9]

I think often of that voyage. I think of how such a small vessel was able to hold so many persons and surmount endless perils without harm to a soul. And, as I think, the clear, unmistakable message comes to me that on that Christmastide, in the bleak and bitter waters off the shores of Korea, God's own hand was at the helm of my ship.

Despite the fact that the refugees were "packed like sardines in a can" and most had to remain standing up, shoulder-to-shoulder, in freezing weather conditions during the entire voyage, there were no injuries or casualties on board. There was very little food or water, and the people were virtually unable to move. J. Robert Lunney, Staff Officer on the ship and a navy veteran of World War II, stated:

There's no explanation for why the Korean people, as stoic as they are, were able to stand virtually motionless and in silence. We were impressed by the conduct of the refugees, despite their desperate plight. We were touched by it.

First Mate D.S. Savastio, who only had first aid training, delivered five babies during the three-day passage to safety. The ship arrived in Busan on Christmas Eve, but no one was allowed off except a few wounded and those identified as communist sympathizers.[8] Meredith Victory had to travel another 50 miles to Geoje Island before it could debark its passengers on December 26.[8]

Among the passengers were the parents of Moon Jae-in, the 19th President of South Korea. He was born on Geoje Island two years after the evacuation.[10]

Captain LaRue remained in command until the ship was decommissioned in 1952.[7] He left the sea and became a Benedictine monk of Newtown Abbey, New Jersey. On March 25, 2019, Bishop Arthur Serratelli, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson opened the canonization cause for Captain LeRue, known as Brother Marinus, OSB.[11]

After the Korean War, the ship sat in the harbor of Bremerton, Washington, as part of the "mothball fleet" until she was put back in service in 1966 for some missions during the Vietnam War. For the Vietnam War, she was converted to a troop ship.

In 1973, she was laid up in Suisun Bay. In 1993, she was towed to China and scrapped.[12]

Awards and distinctions

After the war, the South Korean government honored the crew with the Korean Presidential Unit Citation.[8] The United States Merchant Marine awarded the ship's crew the Meritorious Service Medal, its highest honor.[13] On August 24, 1960, the SS Meredith Victory was conferred the title of "Gallant Ship" by a special act of the U.S. Congress that was signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.[1]

The Department of Transportation declared it "the greatest rescue in the history of mankind". Guinness World Records has described it as "the largest evacuation from land by a single ship".[14]

Depictions

The documentary film Ship of Miracles, describes the events of the rescue.[15][16]

The SS Meredith Victory is featured prominently in the 2012 historical novel Hope in Hungnam.[17]

The drama film Ode to My Father begins with the Hungnam evacuation in 1950 and shows the evacuation process by the ship in detail.

The evacuation and the SS Meredith Victory play a part in the series finale of Timeless (TV series) (season 2 episode 11 "The Miracle of Christmas - Part 1")

Bibliography
Notes
  1. ""The Greatest Rescue Mission Operation by a Single Ship in the History of Mankind": S.S. Meredith Victory". moore-mccormack.com.
  2. Culver, John A. (February 1977). "A time for Victories". United States Naval Institute Proceedings: 50–56.
  3. Babcock & Wilcox (April 1944). "Victory Ships". Marine Engineering and Shipping Review.
  4. http://www.usmma.edu/about/news/feature.asp?StoryID=344
  5. msc.navy.mil, Ship of Miracles
  6. ""Ship of Miracles" documentary film by RJ McHatton".
  7. Dan van der Vat (December 19, 2001). "Obituaries: Brother Marinus". The Guardian.
  8. Fohn, Rosanne (November–December 2002). "Voyage of Mercy: Merchant mariners rescue 1400 Korean refugees facing death". USAA Magazine.
  9. "A Miracle". koreamonitor.net. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23.
  10. Forney, Ned (May 9, 2017). "Moon Jae-in: From Geoje to Cheong Wa Dae". The Korea Times.
  11. "Bishop of Paterson, New Jersey (USA) Opens Sainthod Cause of Brother Marinus LaRue OSB". 2019.
  12. "Victory Ships - M". mariners-1.co.uk.
  13. Jennifer Goldblatt (January 11, 2004). "A Tale of Salvation". The New York Times.
  14. "Largest evacuation from land by a single ship". Guinness World Records. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
  15. Ship of Miracles at IMDb
  16. ""Ship of Miracles" documentary film by RJ McHatton". shipofmiracles.com (official documentary site).
  17. Watts 2012
References
  • Watts, David Watts (2012). Hope in Hungnam. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781434829665.


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