SS Volturno (1906)

SS Volturno was an ocean liner that caught fire and was eventually scuttled in the North Atlantic in October 1913. She was a Royal Line ship under charter to the Uranium Line at the time of the fire. After the ship issued SOS signals, eleven ships came to her aid and, in heavy seas and gale winds, rescued 521 passengers and crewmen. 135 people, most of them women and children in lifeboats launched unsuccessfully prior to the arrival of the rescue ships, died in the incident.

For other ships with the same name, see SS Volturno.

SS Volturno
History
Canada
Owner: Canadian Northern Steamships Ltd (Royal Line)
Operator: Uranium Line
Port of registry: London
Builder: Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Govan
Yard number: 448
Launched: 5 September 1906[1]
Completed: 1906
Fate:
  • Burned 9 October 1913
  • Scuttled 18 October 1913
General characteristics
Type: Ocean liner
Tonnage: 3602 gross tons[2]
Length: 340 ft (100 m)
Beam: 43 ft (13 m)
Propulsion:
  • Steam triple expansion engines
  • two propellers
Speed: 14 knots (26 km/h)
Capacity:
  • Passengers:
  • 24 first class
  • 1,000 third class
Crew: 93

Volturno was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in Govan and completed in November 1906.

Fire and sinking
'The Burning of the S.S. Volturno'; undated painting by William Shackleton

Volturno, on a voyage from Rotterdam to New York City, was carrying a mixed load of passengers, mostly immigrants, and cargo that included highly flammable chemicals.[3] At about 06:00 on 9 October 1913, it caught fire during a gale in the North Atlantic at 49°12′N 034°51′W. The cargo hold in the front of the ship was engulfed in flames. Shortly afterwards, some of the cargo exploded.

The fire spread to the ship's coal bunkers, cutting power to the fire pumps. The crew fought the fire for about two hours but, realising the severity of the fire and the limited options for dousing it, Captain Francis Inch radioed an SOS. Eleven ships responded to the ship's reported position, arriving throughout the day and into the next.[4] Meanwhile, several lifeboats with women and children aboard were launched; all either capsized or were smashed by the ship's hull, leaving no one alive from the first boats.[4]

Captain James Clayton Barr of Carmania, the first ship to arrive, at around noon,[5] took command of the rescue effort.[6] Barr had the other nine vessels form a "battle line" and slowly circle the burning ship. Throughout the night of 11 October, Carmania kept one of her searchlights on Volturno, with another sweeping the ring of rescue ships to help them avoid collisions.[4] According to one passenger, despite Carmania's efforts, two of the ships, the Red Star liner Kroonland and the French Line steamer La Touraine almost collided, coming within 15 to 20 feet (5 to 6 m). This was disputed by an officer on the Kroonland.[7]

The rescue ships launched lifeboats of their own, but rough seas and the reluctance of Volturno's passengers to jump into the frigid water hampered rescue efforts. On board Volturno, the crew and some male passengers, unable to extinguish the fire, were at least able to keep it from spreading to the aft cargo holds over which the others on board were gathered. However, shortly before dawn, there was a large explosion, probably of the boilers. The rescuers felt that the ship, which had not been in imminent danger of sinking, would founder at any time.

In the early morning of 11 October, the tanker SS Narragansett, one of the eleven rescue vessels, turned on her pumps and sprayed oil on the sea to help calm the surface.[4] The combination of the oil and the lessening of the storm allowed many more lifeboats to be launched.

With all lifeboats recovered by 09:00, the rescue ships resumed their original courses.[4] In all, 521 passengers and crew members were rescued by ten of the eleven ships. The death toll was 135, mostly women and children from the early lifeboat launchings.[4]

On the night of 17 October, the Dutch tanker Charlois, unaware of the events of the week before, came upon the still-smoldering hulk of Volturno. Charlois lowered a boat that stood by, attempting to hail any possible survivors on board. When day broke on 18 October, Captain Schmidt saw the full extent of the damage. Seeing that Volturno was a hazard to passing ships, he ordered Volturno's seacocks opened, scuttling the ship.[8]

Rescue ships

The following ships participated in the Volturno rescue:[9]

  • RMS Carmania, lead ship of rescue, rescued one man
  • SS Czar, rescued 102
  • SS Devonian, rescued 59
  • SS Grosser Kurfürst, rescued 105 [10]
  • SS Kroonland, rescued 90
  • SS La Touraine, rescued 40
  • SS Minneapolis, rescued 30
  • SS Narragansett, rescued 29
  • SS Rappahannock, rescued 19
  • SS Seydlitz, rescued 46
  • SS Asian, responded to the distress calls but did not participate in the rescue
  • SS New York, was reported on the scene on 10 October but did not participate in the rescue

Notes
  1. "Launches and Trial Trips: Launches—Scotch: Volturno". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. Vol. 29. 1 October 1909. p. 101.
  2. http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~daamen1/volturno/shipinfo.htm
  3. http://fireontheocean.com/about-ss-volturno/
  4. "135 perish when ship burns at sea". The Washington Post. 12 October 1913. p. 1.
  5. Spurgeon, Arthur (1913). The burning of the Volturno. Cassell. OCLC 8318646.
  6. "Capt. Barr Cites Log On Volturno. Says Carmania's Part in Rescue Work Was Misrepresented in English Reports" (pdf). The New York Times. 27 October 1913.
  7. "Ships near a crash in aiding Volturno" (pdf). The New York Times. 19 October 1913. p. 8.
  8. Spurgeon, pp. 66–68.
  9. Spurgeon, pp. 57–58.
  10. "Tells of Rescues by the Kurfuerst" (pdf). The New York Times. 16 October 1913.

Bibliography
  • Spurgeon, Arthur (1913). The burning of the "Volturno". London: Cassell and Company. OCLC 8318646.
  • "Volturno (1123737)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 14 January 2009.
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