Sadasiva

Sadashiva (Sanskrit: सदाशिव, Sadāśiva, Tamil: சதாசிவம் ), is the Supreme Being Lord Paramashiva in the Mantra marga Siddhanta sect of Shaivism. Sadasiva is the omnipotent, subtle, luminous absolute. The highest manifestation of almighty who is blessing with Anugraha or grace, the fifth of Panchakritya - "Holy five acts" of Shiva. Sadasiva is usually depicted having five faces and ten hands, is also considered as one of the 25 Maheshwara murtams of Lord Shiva. Sivagamas conclude, Shiva Lingam, especially Mukhalingam, is another form of Sadasiva [1]

Sadasiva
Sadasiva from West Bengal. 11th c. CE
Affiliation	Absolute Being, Shiva
Abode	Sadakya Tattva, Celestial Maha Kailasam
Mantra	Om Namah Shivaya
Symbols	Mukhalingam
Consort	Adi Parashakti, Tripura Sundari, Mahagayatri

Visual

A painting of Sadasiva murti, South India

The concept and form of Sadasiva initially emerged from South India, although many ancient sculptures of Sadasiva were obtained from various parts of India and South East Asia.[2] It is believed that the cult of Sadasiva was widespread in the region of Bengal during the period of Sena dynasty who traced their origin in South India.[3] Sadasiva is usually represented in the form of Mukhalingam with the number of faces varying from one to five. The first ever sculpture of Sadasiva as a lingam with five faces was found in Bhita, near Allahabad, and dates to the 2nd century CE.[2] His five faces, Ishana, Tatpurusha, Vamadeva, Aghora and Satyojata are known as Panchabrahmas (The five creators), the emanations towards the four directions and upwards from the nishkala (Formless) Parashivam. Kamiga Agamam, the first Agamam of 28 Sivagamas depicts Sadasiva as having five faces and ten arms. His five right hands hold Trishula, Axe, Katvanga, Vajra and Abhaya while his five left hands hold Snake, Matulunga fruit, Nilotpala, Damaru, Rudraksha rosary and Varadam.[4] The consort of Sadasiva is goddess Mahagayatri, a form of Parvati often known as Manonmani in Agamic texts.[5][6] She is sometimes depicted having two arms and residing in the lap of Sadasiva.

Panchabrahma

Sadasiva standing midst Brahma and Vishnu. 10th c. CE sculpture at Vat Phou, Laos.

According to Shaivite texts, the supreme being Parashivam manifests as pentads apart from the well known Trinity of other Hindu sects - Brahma, Visnu and Shiva. His five deeds which are known "Panchakrityas" (holy five acts) are assigned to Panchamurti, his five aspects, viz., Brahma, Vishnu, Rudra, Maheshwara and Sadashiva. Creation, preservation, destruction, delusion and liberation are done by these five manifestations respectively. The five faces of Parashiva emanating these five aspects at whom we could not find any distinctions from himself, are praised as "Panchabrahmas", the five creators or the five realities. The Panchamurtis of Shaivism are absorbed within Shaktism and named as "Panchapreta" (Five bodies). .

Explanations

Sadashiva idol, Bangkok National Museum

The five faces of Sadasiva are sometimes identified with Mahadeva, Parvati, Nandi, Bhairava and Sadasiva himself.[7] The ten arms of Sadasiva represent the ten directions.[6] Another variation of Sadasiva later evolved into another form of Shiva known as Mahasadasiva, in which Shiva is depicted with twenty-five heads with seventy-seven eyes and fifty arms. Given accounts relating to Sadasiva are collected from Kamika Agamam[4] and Vishnudharmottara Purana.[2]

	Ishana	Tatpurusha	Vamadeva	Satyojata	Aghora
Direction looking	Upwards	East	North	West	South
Colour	Crystal	Gold	Red	White	Blue
Related Panchabhutas	Ether	Air	Water	Earth	Fire
Five acts of Almighty	liberation	delusion	Maintenance	Creation	Destruction
Shiva's form	Sadasiva	Maheshwara	Vishnu	Brahma	Rudra
Meditating point in human body	Head	Mouth	feet	genital organs	Heart
Philosophy	Siddhanta	Gaaruda	Vaama	Bhuta	Bhairava
Teachings	Mantramarga	Adimarga	Vaidika	Temporal	Atyatmika (Samkhya, Yoga etc.)

See more

• Lingam
• Mukhalinga

References

1. Srinivasan, Dorin (1997). Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art. BRILL. p. 272. ISBN 9789004107588.
2. B.N. Sharma (1976). Iconography of Sadasiva. Abhinav Publications. pp. 1–3. ISBN 9788170170372.
3. Bijay Chandra Mazumdar (2008). The History of the Bengali Language. Read Books. ISBN 9781443767507.
4. DR. S.P. SABHARATHANAM SIVACHARYA. "Kamika Agama Uttara Pada". Hmalayan Academy. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
5. Margaret Stutley (2006). Hindu Deities: A Mythological Dictionary with Illustrations. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 9788121511643.
6. Omacanda Hāṇḍā (1992). Śiva in art: a study of Śaiva iconography and miniatures. Indus Pub. House.
7. C. V. Ramachandra Rao (1988). Siva-Mahesa (Sadasiva) Murti of Bhairavakona: an iconographical study. Manasa Publications.