Sagiada

Sagiada (Greek: Σαγιάδα) is a village and a former municipality in Thesprotia, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Filiates, of which it is a municipal unit.[2] The municipal unit has an area of 87.803 km2.[3] In 2011 its population was 594 for the village and 1,740 for the municipal unit. The seat of the municipality was in Asprokklisi.

Sagiada

Σαγιάδα
Sagiada
Location within the regional unit
Coordinates: 39°38′N 20°11′E
CountryGreece
Administrative regionEpirus
Regional unitThesprotia
MunicipalityFiliates
 • Municipal unit87.8 km2 (33.9 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Municipal unit
1,740
 • Municipal unit density20/km2 (51/sq mi)
Community
 • Population594 (2011)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Vehicle registrationΗΝ

Location

Sagiada stretches between the Ionian Sea to the west and Albania to the north. It is the westernmost point of mainland Greece. The river Thyamis flows into sea 4 km south of the village Sagiada. There are plains in the southern part of the municipal unit, and mountains on the Albanian border. The village Sagiada is 10 km west of Filiates, 15 km northwest of the capital of Thesprotia, Igoumenitsa, and 4 km south of the Albanian town of Konispol.

History

In the late medieval era (14th century) the fort of Sagiada and its lucrative salt mines was contested among various local lords and the Angevins from Corfu. In 1386 it was captured by John Zenevisi, an Albanian lord from Gjirokaster.[4] However, in 1387 it passed to Esau de' Buondelmonti of the Despotate of Epirus.[4] Essau had refortified a ruined tower there and constructed some salt-pans nearby. The Venetian Republic saw this as a threat to its trade network and demanded its destruction with the excuse that the area once belonged to Venice.[5] Zenibishi retook control in 1399 as he claimed in the final agreement with the Venetians that they belonged to his ancestors.[6] After his death it came under the control of the Venetian Republic (1418).[4]

Sagiada is recorded in the 1431 Ottoman Arvanid defter, as part of the nahiye/vilayet of Vagenetia in the Sanjack of Arvanid as one of the villages whose tax rights were given to timar holders.[7] In 1473 revolutionary leader Ioannis Vlassis temporarily captured Sagiada and various surrounding Ottoman controlled regions after approval from Venice.[8]

In the 16th century, the region was harassed by the Venetians and the inhabitants of Venetian Corfu in violation of the Ottoman-Venetian treaty of 1540 who were offering lower prices to merchants in order for them to use the ports of Corfu instead of Sagiada.[9] In 1566, Sagiada is described as small village with 30 households inhabited by Albanians (habitato puro de albanesi).[10] In the late 18th era, Sagiada (in Albanian, Sajadha) was a small port in the northern parts of the territories of the Cham Albanians.[11] Sagiada was the port of Filiates and as trade expanded from 1675 to 1706 consuls of England, Holland and Venice responsible for communication with the inland regions resided in Sagiada.[12]

During the late Ottoman period (1820-1913) Sagiada was among the Greek speaking areas on the coastal part of Chameria.[13] At 1875 a vice consulate of Greece was already established in Sagiada.[14] At 1893 two ground level Greek schools were operating in the town.[15]

During World War II the town of Sagiada was primarily inhabited by a Greek population.[16] In August 1943 it was burnt to the ground units by Nazi German units of the 1st Mountain Division and Cham Albanian units of collaborators supposedly as part of reprisals against guerrilla activity, like many other settlements.[17][18] After the war new settlement was built near the coast.[16] After WWII and the expulsion of Cham Albanians, like many other settlements, it was partially repopulated by an Aromanian-speaking community.[19]

The survivors of the 1943 destruction were forced to move to the adjacent coast, where the new settlement was built after the end of World War II.[20] The old town has been declared a protected area.[20]

Subdivisions

The former municipal unit of Sagiada was subdivided into the following communities:

  • Sagiada
  • Asprokklisi
  • Kestrine
  • Ragi
  • Smertos

References
  1. "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
  2. Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior (in Greek)
  3. "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece.
  4. Asonitis, Spyros (1999). "Σχέσεις της Βενετικής διοίκησης της Κέρκυρας με τις ηγεμονίες του Ιονίου (1386-1460)". Peri Istorias. 2: 28. doi:10.12681/p.i..24736. ISSN 2654-198X. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  5. Nicol, Donald M. (30 August 1984). The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-521-26190-6.
  6. Beermann, Erika (2001). "Exportland Albanien: Ein Ausflug in die Vergangenheit". Südosteuropa Mitteilungen. Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft. 41: 311. (..) dass Zenebesi durch Gesandte und verschiedene Briefe beantragt hatte, ihm die Salinen und den Turm von Sajadha zu überlassen, die ihm gehörten und bereits im Besitz seiner Vorfahren gewesen seien
  7. Balta, Oğuz & Yaşar 2011, p. 347.
  8. Vakalopoulos, Kōnstantinos Apostolou (2003). Historia tēs Ēpeirou: apo tis arches tēs Othōmanokratias hōs tis meres mas. Hērodotos. p. 322. ISBN 9607290976. Επαναστατικές ενέργειες των Ηπειρωτών σημειώθηκαν στα 1473, όταν ο οπλαρχηγός Ιωάννης Βλάσης εξουδετέρωσε τη φρουρά του κάστρου Στροβίλι, που βρισκόταν απέναντι από την Κέρκυρα (ανάμεσα στην Κονισπολη και στους Σαγιάδες) Λίγο αργότερα, με τη συγκατάθεση της Βενετικής Γερουσίας, απελευθέρωσε τη Σαγιάδα
  9. Balta, Oğuz & Yaşar 2011, p. 355.
  10. Malcolm 2020, p. 345:Bastia was a small port just to the north of Igoumenitsa. A report of 1566 described it as 'a disinhabited place' ('un loco dissabitato') with an Ottoman customs official, situated below the village of Sagiada which, with 30 households, was also inhabited by Albanians ' ( ' habitato puro de albanesi')
  11. Malcolm, Noel (2020). Rebels, Believers, Survivors: Studies in the History of the Albanians. Oxford University Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0192599223. (..) on 23 March 1770. That entry described him as 'neophyte Albanian slave, aged 23, from the district of Saiada' (..) Saiada 'was Sagiada, a little port serving the northern part of the territory of the Çams, less than two miles from the present Greek–Albanian border
  12. Isufi 2002, p. 9:Në Sajadhë, rreth vitit 1675, ishin vendosur agjenci konsullore të Anglisë, Francës, Holandës dhe të Venedikut, të cilat qëndruan aty për 31 vjet rresht, deri në vitin 1706. Së bashku me mallrat në Filat, nëpërmjet Sajadhës, hynin dhe dilnin edhe përfaqësues të firmave të ndryshme. Rëndësia ekonomike ia kishte rritur Filatit dhe rëndësinë politike
  13. Κοκολάκης, Μιχάλης (2003). "Το ύστερο Γιαννιώτικο Πασαλίκι: χώρος, διοίκηση και πληθυσμός στην τουρκοκρατούμενη Ηπειρο (1820-1913)". p. 52. hdl:10442/8080. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  14. Skoulidas, Ilias (2001). "The Relations Between the Greeks and the Albanians During the 19th Century: Political Aspirations and Visions (1875–1897)". Didaktorika.gr. University of Ioannina: 47. doi:10.12681/eadd/12856.
  15. Σκαμνέλου, Παρασκευή (2001). "Η ελληνική δημοτική εκπαίδευση στην Ήπειρο της ύστερης τουρκοκρατίας (1861 - 1913): θεωρία και πράξη" (in Greek). University of Ioannina: 258. hdl:10442/hedi/13149. Retrieved 5 November 2020. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. Kretsi, Georgia (2002). "The Secret Past of the Greek Albanian Borderland". Ethnologia Balkanica. LIT Verlag Münster. 6: 172. Near the Albanian Lopësi are the ruins of the older Greek village of Sagiáda, which was also abandoned during WWII, but was afterwards rebuilt down the coast. The architecture is clearly different here, with lower and larger windows
  17. Meyer, Hermann Frank (2008). Blutiges Edelweiß: Die 1. Gebirgs-division im zweiten Weltkrieg [Bloodstained Edelweiss. The 1st Mountain-Division in WWII] (in German). Ch. Links Verlag. p. 206. ISBN 978-3-86153-447-1. Wahrend Sagiada vollig zestort war.
  18. Tsoutsoumpis, Spyros (December 2015). "Violence, resistance and collaboration in a Greek borderland: the case of the Muslim Chams of Epirus "Qualestoria" n. 2, dicembre 2015". Qualestoria: 133. Retrieved 14 June 2016. The operations continued well into the autumn when the villages of Eleftherohori, Plaisio, Zervohori, Sagiada, Xirolophos and Seliani were burned by a joint Cham-German force,
  19. Asterios Koukoudes. The Vlachs. 2003. p.293. "After the Axis Occupation and the Civil War, most of them gradually rehabilitated in villages and towns in the prefecture of Thesprotia and Preveza in the gaps left by the departed local Moslem Albanians, the Çams, and also in various villages in the Pogoni and Kourenda areas in Ioannina prefecture. Their most important settlements in villages and towns in Thesprotia and Preveza prefectures are in Sayada, Asproklissi, Igoumenitsa, Agios Vlassios (Souvlassi), Parapotamos (Varfani), Plataria, Myli (Skefari), Paramythia, Ambelia (Vrestas), Rahoula (Tsifliki), Xirolofos (Zeleso), Karvounari, Skandalo, Hoika, Perdika (Arpitsa), Milokokkia, Katavothra (Ligorati), Margariti, Kaloudiki, Morfi (Morfati), Dzara, Parga, and their largest settlement, Themelo (Tabania) in Preveza prefecture."
  20. Markou, 2012, p. 39

Sources
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