Salicornia bigelovii

Salicornia bigelovii is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common names dwarf saltwort[2] and dwarf glasswort. It is native to coastal areas of the eastern and southern United States, Belize, and coastal Mexico (both the east and west coasts).[3][4][5] It is a plant of salt marshes, a halophyte which grows in saltwater. It is an annual herb producing an erect, branching stem which is jointed at many internodes. The fleshy, green to red stem can reach about 60 cm in height. The leaves are usually small plates, pairs of which are fused into a band around the stem. The inflorescence is a dense, sticklike spike of flowers. Each flower is made up of a fused pocket of sepals enclosing the stamens and stigmas, with no petals. The fruit is an utricle containing tiny, fuzzy seeds. The southern part of the species range is represented by the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatán, where it is a subdominant plant associate in the mangroves.[6]

Salicornia bigelovii
Salicornia bigelovii[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae
Genus: Salicornia
Species:
S. bigelovii
Binomial name
Salicornia bigelovii

Uses

This plant is gaining scientific attention for its potential to serve as an oil crop that can be grown in desert environments and maintained with water containing high levels of salts. It is the source of salicornia oil. The plant is up to 33% oil.[7] The oil contains up to 79% linoleic acid and is functionally similar to safflower oil.[8] It can be used as a cooking oil and a replacement for more valuable oils in chicken feed. Domestic animals can be fed the plant as a forage.[9] The plant could also be a source of biofuel.[10]

Since the plant is a halophytic coastline species which grows in saltwater, it can be irrigated with seawater, making it a potential crop for landscapes that can support few other crop plants.[7][9] The plants can also be watered with high-salt drainage water, such as the effluent from farmland in California's Central Valley.[11] Fields of the plant have been grown in wastewater from aquaculture farms in Eritrea and harvested for animal feed.[10]

References
  1. Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 2: 22.
  2. "Salicornia bigelovii". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  3. Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States Dicotyledons 1–944. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens.
  4. Carnevali, G., J. L. Tapia-Muñoz, R. Duno de Stefano & I. M. Ramírez Morillo. 2010. Flora Ilustrada de la Peninsula Yucatán: Listado Florístico 1–326.
  5. Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D.E. Atha. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 85: i–ix, 1–246
  7. Glenn, E. P., et al. (1991). Salicornia bigelovii Torr.: An oilseed halophyte for seawater irrigation. Science 251:4997 1065-67.
  8. Anwar, F., et al. (2002). Analytical characterization of Salicornia bigelovii seed oil cultivated in Pakistan. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:15 4210-14
  9. Bashan, Y., et al. (2000). Growth promotion of seawater irrigated oilseed halophyte Salicornia bigelovii inoculated with mangrove rhizosphere bacteria and halotolerant Azospirillum spp. Biol Fertil Soils 32:265-72.
  10. Dickerson, M. Letting the sea cultivate the land. Los Angeles Times July 10, 2008
  11. Grattan, S. R., et al. (2008). Feasibility of irrigating pickleweed (Salicornia bigelovii Torr) with hyper-saline drainage water. J. Environ. Qual. 37 S-149.
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