Salix pulchra

Salix pulchra is a species of flowering plant in the willow family, known by the common names diamondleaf willow, tealeaf willow, and thin red willow.[1] It is native to northern North America, where it occurs in Alaska, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. The species is also found in northern British Columbia, and occurs in Russia.[2]

Salix pulchra
Wrangel Island
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Salicaceae
Genus:	Salix
Species:	S. pulchra
Binomial name
Salix pulchra Cham.
Synonyms
Salix phylicoides Salix planifera ssp. pulchra

This willow is an erect, deciduous shrub growing up to 4.6 m (15 ft) tall, but usually remaining smaller, especially in the Arctic and in alpine climates.[1] Along with S. richardsonii and S. alaxensis, it is one of the tallest growing willows in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.[3] The species is dioecious, with male and female reproductive parts occurring on separate individuals. The inflorescence is a catkin. The catkins grow before the leaves appear in the spring.[1] The leaves are green above and whitish underneath, and hairless.[4]

This plant is a dominant species on the tundra in many areas. It commonly grows with sedges. It may form thickets with other species of willow along waterways and on floodplains. It grows in spruce woodlands and muskegs. It grows above the timberline in interior Alaska, and at the timberline in northern Alaska. It often sprouts and grows after wildfire, and it persists in open habitat.[1]

This species was formerly known as S. planifolia subsp. pulchra, a subspecies of S. planifolia,[1] but has since been treated as a distinct species.[3] The two willow species have overlapping distribution and similar appearance, but can be distinguished by the longer stipules in S. pulchra.[5] In areas where both willows occur, S. pulchra is often found at high elevations.[5] S. pulchra and S. planifolia also form natural hybrids.[2]

Salix pulchra is one of the least bitter-tasting willows in Alaska, and in the springtime, young leaves may be harvested for human consumption.[4] The leaves and shoots were eaten by the Eskimo raw and dried, or stored in seal oil for future use. The leaves were also used to brew tea and make soup.[6] At Nunivak Island, parts of this plant were chewed to treat ailments such as mouth sores and pain.[7] This willow also provides a good source of vitamin C.[8]

Apart from medicinal purposes, Native Americans used parts of willows, including this species, in basket weaving, to make bows and arrows, and for building animal traps.[1]

References

1. Uchytil, Ronald J. 1991. Salix pulchra. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
2. Salix pulchra. Flora of North America.
3. Aiken, S.G.; Dallwitz, M.J.; Consaul, L.L.; McJannet, C.L.; Boles, R.L.; Argus, G.W.; Gillett, J.M.; Scott, P.J.; Elven, R.; LeBlanc, M.C.; Gillespie, L.J.; Brysting, A.K.; Solstad, H. & Harris, J.G. (2007). "Salix pulchra Cham". Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. National Research Council of Canada. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
4. Collet, Dominique M. (2004). "Willows of Interior Alaska" (PDF). US Fish & Wildlife Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-16. Retrieved 2012-03-23. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
5. Argus, George W. (2004). "A Guide to the identification of Salix (willows) in Alaska, the Yukon Territory and adjacent regions" (PDF). Workshop on willow identification. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
6. Salix pulchra. University of Michigan Ethnobotany.
7. Smith, G. Warren (1973). "Arctic Pharmacognosia" (PDF). Arctic. 26 (4): 324–333 (p. 325). doi:10.14430/arctic2931. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
8. Halderson, Karen (1991). Alaska native food practices, customs, and holidays. American Dietetic Association. p. 20. ISBN 9780880911009. Retrieved 2012-03-26.