Sargocentron

Sargocentron is a genus of squirrelfish (family Holocentridae) found in tropical parts of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, with the greatest species diversity near reefs in the Indo-Pacific.[2] Being largely or entirely nocturnal, they have relatively large eyes. Red and silvery colours dominate. The preopercle spines (near the gill-opening) are venomous and can give painful wounds.[3][4] Most have a maximum length of 15–25 cm (6–10 in), but S. iota barely reaches 8 cm (3 in), and S. spiniferum can reach more than 50 cm (20 in).[2]

Sargocentron Temporal range: 55–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Early Eocene to Present [1]
Sargocentron coruscum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Beryciformes
Family:	Holocentridae
Genus:	Sargocentron Fowler, 1904
Type species
Holocentrum leo G. Cuvier, 1829

Species

There are currently 33 recognized species in this genus:[2]

• Sargocentron borodinoensis Kotlyar, 2017[5]
• Sargocentron bullisi (Woods, 1955) (Deep-water squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron caudimaculatum (Rüppell, 1838) (Silver-spot squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron cornutum (Bleeker, 1854) (Three-spot squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron coruscum (Poey, 1860) (Reef squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron diadema (Lacépède, 1802) (Crown squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron dorsomaculatum (Shimizu & Yamakawa, 1979) (Spot-fin squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron ensifer (D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1903) (Yellow-striped squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron hastatum (G. Cuvier, 1829) (Red squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron hormion J. E. Randall, 1998
• Sargocentron inaequalis J. E. Randall & Heemstra, 1985 (Lattice squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron iota J. E. Randall, 1998 (Dwarf squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron ittodai (D. S. Jordan & Fowler, 1902) (Samurai squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron lepros (G. R. Allen & N. J. Cross, 1983) (Spiny squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron macrosquamis Golani, 1984 (Big-scale squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron marisrubri J. E. Randall, Golani & Diamant, 1989
• Sargocentron megalops J. E. Randall, 1998
• Sargocentron melanospilos (Bleeker, 1858) (Black-blotch squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron microstoma (Günther, 1859) (Small-mouth squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron poco (Woods, 1965) (Saddle squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron praslin (Lacépède, 1802) (Dark-striped squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron punctatissimum (G. Cuvier, 1829) (Speckled squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål, 1775) (Red-coat squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron seychellense (J. L. B. Smith & M. M. Smith, 1963) (Yellow-tipped squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron shimizui J. E. Randall, 1998 (Shimizu's squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron spiniferum (Forsskål, 1775) (Sabre squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron spinosissimum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (North Pacific squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron suborbitale (T. N. Gill, 1863) (Tinsel squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron tiere (G. Cuvier, 1829) (Blue-lined squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron tiereoides (Bleeker, 1853) (Pink squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron violaceum (Bleeker, 1853) (Dusky squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron wilhelmi (F. de Buen, 1963) (Wilhelm's squirrelfish)
• Sargocentron xantherythrum (D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1903) (Hawaiian squirrelfish)

References

1. Sepkoski, J.J.Jr (2002): A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363: 1-560.
2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Sargocentron in FishBase. October 2016 version.
3. Allen, G. 1999. Marine Fishes of Tropical Australia and south-east Asia. ISBN 0-7309-8363-3
4. Debelius, H. 1993. Indian Ocean Tropical Fish Guide. ISBN 3-927991-01-5
5. Kotlyar, A.N. (2017): Holocentridae from Borodino Submarine Elevation (Philippine Sea). Journal of Ichthyology, 57 (1): 37–44.