Schweiggeria

Schweiggeria is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with one or two species, found in eastern Brazil.

Schweiggeria
Schweiggeria fruticosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Subfamily: Violoideae
Tribe: Violeae
Genus: Schweiggeria
Spreng.[1]
Type species
Schweiggeria fruticosa
Spreng.
Synonyms

Glossarrhen Mart.

Description

Shrubs, with oblanceolate (wider near tip) leaves. White flowers strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical), rarely solitary, in axillary fascicles, with caducous corolla with the bottom petal longer than the others and clawed with a spur that is well exserted. The stamens have free filaments, with the lowest two being calcarate (spurred) and possessing a large dorsal connective appendage that is entire and oblong-ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is rostellate (beaked) or lobed. The fruit is a thick-walled capsule with 3 obovoid seeds per carpel.[2]

Taxonomy

The genus Schweiggeria was first described by Sprengel, with the single species Schweiggeria fruticosa, placing it in the family Ionidia, named for the genus Ionidium[3] in 1821.[4] In 1846, Lindley classified both Schweiggeria and Ionidium in Violaceae, within the Violales,[5] although Bentham and Hooker (1862) called the family Violarieae.[6]

Historically Schweiggeria was placed within Violaceae in subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae, together with Anchietea, Calyptrion, Noisettia and Viola.[2] But these divisions have been shown to be artificial and not monophyletic. Molecular phylogenetic studies show that Violaceae is best considered as four clades rather than taxonomic ranks. Schweiggeria occurs in Clade I of the family, consisting of Viola, Schweiggeria, Noisettia and Allexis, in which Schweiggeria and Noisettia are monotypic and form a sister group to Viola.[7][8][9]

Etymology

Sprengel named the genus in honour of his colleague August Friedrich Schweigger (1783–1821).[3]

Subdivision

Four species have been described;

of which two, S. fruticosa and S. mexicana are accepted by Plants of the World Online, considering S. floribunda and S. pauciflora as synonyms of S. fruticosa.[10] Other authors consider Schweiggeria to be monotypic for S. fruticosa.[2][7][11][12]

Distribution and habitat

Eastern Brazil.[10]

References
  1. WFO 2019.
  2. Ballard et al 2013.
  3. Sprengel 1820–1823.
  4. IPNI 2020.
  5. Lindley 1846.
  6. Bentham & Hooker 1862.
  7. Wahlert et al 2014.
  8. Yockteng et al 2003.
  9. Ballard et al 1998.
  10. POTWO 2020.
  11. Byng 2014.
  12. Christenhusz et al 2017.

Bibliography
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