Sepia bertheloti

Sepia bertheloti, the African cuttlefish, is a species of cuttlefish from the family Sepiidae which is found in the warmer waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean off Africa.

Sepia bertheloti
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Sepiida
Family: Sepiidae
Genus: Sepia
Subgenus: Sepia
Species:
S. bertheloti
Binomial name
Sepia bertheloti
d'Orbigny in Férussac & d'Orbigny, 1835[2]
Synonyms

Description

Sepia bertheloti grows to a mantle length of 175mm in males and 134mm in females. The dorsal anterior mantle margin forms a triangular lobe between the eyes. The wide fines have a wide gap between them at the rear. The males have a hectocotylus on the left ventral arm and this has 1 or 2 rows of normal size suckers at the base, 9 to 13 rows of highly shrunken suckers in the middle part of the arm; these suckers are arranged in 2 dorsal and 2 ventral series which are laterally displaced and are separated by a gap. The suckers on the hectocotylus are covered by a well developed dorsal protective membrane. The tentacular club is straight and slender having 5 or 6 suckers in transverse rows in which a number of the suckers of the inner 2 or 3 rows are larger than rest. The cuttlebone is oblong in shape outline roughly rectangular; tapering to a point anteriorly and rounded and blunt posteriorly. Its dorsal surface is evenly convex and covered with a sculpture of calcareous granulose arranged in a net like pattern which have their greatest concentration in the middle of the bone and at the long edges where they are arranged in irregular ridges parallel to the margin. The bone is most calcified at the rear and there is an indistincr dorsal median rib which broadens slightly towards the head end. The lateral and anterior margins of the cuttlebone are covered in chitin. On the dorsal part of the mantle there are a series of elongate papillae on either flank, situated around halfway along the base of the fins. It is purplish brown in colour with a zebra-like striping on the arms and an orange-red pigmented stripe which runs along their outer surface. The dorsal mantle has small spots, mainly towards the rear, and narrow, cream-coloured, broken lines running across it. The fins are pale and in the males there is a thin, shiny orange-pink stripe along the fin base of males which is bordered by a purplish band and 1 or 2 rows of many short bars which run along it.[3]

Distribution

Sepia bertheloti occurs along the western coast of Africa from Western Sahara south to Angola, it is also found off the Canary Islands.[1]

Habitat and ecology

Sepia bertheloti is found at depths of between 20m and 156m,[3] being most numerous off the Canary Islands from depths of 70m-140m.[1] At the Endeavour Bank they migrate to shallower waters on order to spawn in the summer and autumn. Their size distribution, as measured from animals caught by fisheries, shows a wider variation than for the sympatric Sepia officinalis during the summer.[3] This wider variation suggests that either the spawning season is extended or at least some spawning happens continuously.[1]

Fisheries

Sepia bertheloti is fished for by trawling off the Canary Islands and is commonly captured off the western Endeavour Bank.[1] Catches are often mixed with Sepia hierredda and separate data is difficult to get, although data from Spanish trawlers off Western Sahara indicate that this species makes up 11% of the cuttlefish catch and the remaining 89% is S. hieradda.[3] There are also fisheries for this species in Mauritania and Senegal.[1]

Naming

The specific name honours the French malacologist Sabin Berthelot (1794-1880) who was French consul at Tenerife.[4] The type specimen was taken off Tenerife[3] and is held in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle.[5]

References
  1. Barratt, I. & Allcock, L. (2012). "Sepia bertheloti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T162564A917228. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T162564A917228.en. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  2. Julian Finn (2016). "Sepia bertheloti d'Orbigny [in Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1835". World Register of Marine Species. Flanders Marine Institute. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  3. P. Jereb; C.F.E. Roper, eds. (2005). Cephalopods of the World an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date Volume 1 Chambered Nautiluses and Sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). Food and Agriculture Organization Rome. pp. 73–74. ISBN 92-5-105383-9.
  4. "Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names. H". Hans.G.Hansson. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  5. Michael J. Sweeney. "Recent Cephalopod Primary Type Specimens: A Searchig Tool" (PDF). Wordpress. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
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