Setaria verticillata

Setaria verticillata is a species of grass known by the common names hooked bristlegrass,[2] rough bristle-grass[3] and bristly foxtail. It is native to Europe, but it is known on most continents as an introduced species and often a noxious weed. It is a hardy bunchgrass which grows in many types of urban, cultivated, and disturbed habitat. It is a weed of many types of agricultural crops, growing in vineyards and fields. Herbicide-resistant strains have been noted.[4]

Setaria verticillata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Genus: Setaria
Species:
S. verticillata
Binomial name
Setaria verticillata
Synonyms[1]
  • Alopecurus paniceus (L.) L.
  • Chaetochloa ambigua (Guss.) Scribn. & Merr.
  • Chaetochloa brevispica Scribn. & Merr.
  • Chaetochloa verticillata (L.) Scribn.
  • Chamaeraphis verticillata (L.) Porter
  • Cynosurus paniceus L.
  • Ixophorus verticillatus (L.) Nash
  • Panicum acuminatissimum Nees ex Döll nom. inval.
  • Panicum adhaerens Forssk.
  • Panicum albospiculatum Swallen
  • Panicum ambiguum (Guss.) Hausskn. nom. illeg.
  • Panicum aparine Steud.
  • Panicum apricum Swallen
  • Panicum asperum Lam.
  • Panicum bambusifolium Desv.
  • Panicum decipiens (F.W.Schultz) E.H.L.Krause nom. illeg.
  • Panicum floribundum Willd. ex Spreng. nom. inval.
  • Panicum italicum Ucria nom. illeg.
  • Panicum kleinii Swallen
  • Panicum pompale Swallen
  • Panicum respiciens (A.Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud.
  • Panicum rottleri (Spreng.) Nees nom. illeg.
  • Panicum rude Lam. ex Steud. nom. inval.
  • Panicum secundum Trin.
  • Panicum semitectum Swallen nom. illeg.
  • Panicum vagum Scop. nom. illeg.
  • Panicum verticillatum L.
  • Panicum viride Desf. nom. illeg.
  • Pennisetum respiciens A.Rich.
  • Pennisetum verticillatum (L.) R.Br.
  • Setaria adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov.
  • Setaria ambigua (Guss.) Guss. nom. illeg.
  • Setaria aparine (Steud.) Chiov.
  • Setaria brevispica (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
  • Setaria carnei Hitchc.
  • Setaria conglomerata Fr. ex Schltdl.
  • Setaria decipiens F.W.Schultz
  • Setaria decipiens Schimp. ex Morariu nom. illeg.
  • Setaria depauperata Phil.
  • Setaria floribunda Spreng.
  • Setaria gussonei Kerguélen
  • Setaria nubica Link
  • Setaria panicea (L.) Schinz & Thell.
  • Setaria pratensis Phil.
  • Setaria pseudoverticillata Schltdl. nom. inval.
  • Setaria respiciens (A.Rich.) Walp.
  • Setaria rottleri Spreng.
  • Setaria teysmannii Miq.
  • Setaria verticilliformis Dumort.
  • Setariopsis verticillata (L.) Samp.

This is an annual grass with decumbent or erect stems growing up to a meter long. The leaf blades are up to 25 centimeters long and have a long sheath around the stem. The inflorescence is a dense panicle up to 15 centimeters long which tapers at both ends. It contains many small spikelets and bristles. The bristles have tiny backwards-pointing barbs that help them hook onto clothing or animal fur, facilitating their dispersal.[4]

Seeds of the grass are used to make beer in South Africa and porridge in Namibia.[4] They have been used as a famine food in India.[5]

References
  1. "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  2. "Setaria verticillata". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  3. "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. ISSG Database
  5. Purdue: Famine Foods
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