Simon Fraser Tolmie

Simon Fraser Tolmie, PC (January 25, 1867 – October 13, 1937) was a veterinarian, farmer, politician, and the 21st Premier of the Province of British Columbia, Canada.

Simon Fraser Tolmie
The Hon. Simon Fraser Tolmie
21st Premier of British Columbia
In office August 21, 1928 – November 15, 1933
Monarch	George V
Lieutenant Governor	Robert Randolph Bruce John W. F. Johnson
Preceded by	John Duncan MacLean
Succeeded by	Thomas Dufferin Pattullo
MLA for Saanich
In office July 18, 1928 – November 2, 1933
Preceded by	Thomas George Coventry
Succeeded by	Norman William Whittaker
Member of the Canadian Parliament for Victoria City
In office December 17, 1917 – October 29, 1925
Preceded by	George Henry Barnard
Succeeded by	District Abolished
Member of the Canadian Parliament for Victoria
In office October 29, 1925 – June 5, 1928
Preceded by	New District
Succeeded by	D'Arcy Britton Plunkett
In office June 8, 1936 – October 13, 1937
Preceded by	D'Arcy Britton Plunkett
Succeeded by	Robert Mayhew
Personal details
Born	January 25, 1867 Victoria, British Columbia
Died	October 13, 1937 (aged 70) Victoria, British Columbia
Political party	Conservative
Other political affiliations	BC Conservative
Spouse(s)	Mary Anne Tolmie [1]
Children	4
Cabinet	Minister of Agriculture (1919–1921, 1926)

Tolmie had an impeccable pioneer lineage, which aided him in his political aspirations. He was the son of Dr. William Fraser Tolmie, a prominent figure in the Hudson's Bay Company and a member of both the colonial assembly of Colony of Vancouver Island and the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. William Fraser was early supporter of Scottish industrialist reformer Robert Owen, and was a strong supporter of women's suffrage in British Columbia. His maternal ancestry was Indigenous and representative of the marriages of Indigenous women and French and Scottish men who worked in the fur trade. Tolmie's mother, Jane Work, was the daughter of John Work, a prominent Victoria resident, Hudson's Bay Company Chief Factor, and member of the former colony's assembly. Jane's ancestry was Indigenous. Her mother was Josette Legace, a daughter of an Indigenous woman from the Spokane area and Pierre Legace, a French-Canadian trapper father. Born in Victoria, Tolmie spent his early life on his family's vast farm, Cloverdale (the Victoria neighbourhood bears its name). He graduated from the Ontario Veterinary College in 1891 and later became the Dominion Inspector of Livestock.

Tolmie entered federal politics in the election of 1917, becoming Unionist MP for Victoria City. He was returned in the subsequent four elections as a Conservative (the riding changed its name to Victoria in 1924). Tolmie served as Minister of Agriculture in the governments of Sir Robert Borden and Arthur Meighen from 1919–1921, and in 1926.

Tolmie was part of a general anti-drug panic in 1922 with severe racist overtones. He supported amendments to drug laws calling for the deportation of all Asians convicted of trafficking and for the use of the 'lash'.[2]

Tolmie was elected leader of the British Columbia Conservative Party in 1926 but continued to sit as a Member of Parliament until the 1928 provincial election, in which he ran and was elected MLA for Saanich. The Conservatives were victorious that year, taking 32 of the legislature's 48 seats, including every seat in Vancouver and Victoria. Tolmie thus became Premier of the province, also serving as Minister of Railways.

Like their federal counterparts, who returned to power in 1930, Tolmie's Tories' commitment to applying "business principles to the business of government," rebounded to their disadvantage when the Great Depression hit. By 1931, unemployment reached 28% - the highest in Canada - and Tolmie was finally forced to act, setting up remote relief camps. Tolmie acceded to the request from the business community that a royal commission be established to propose solutions to the province's increasingly dire financial situation. The Kidd Report, issued in 1932, recommended such sharp cuts to social services that mainstream British Columbians were enraged. They had come to expect more from their provincial government than its traditional functions of maintaining law and order, providing physical infrastructure and encouraging private enterprise.

The strained situation took its toll on the provincial party, which became so wracked by internal discord that the executive decided to run no candidates in the 1933 election. Rather, each local riding association acted on its own. Some candidates ran as independents, some as Independent Conservatives. Those supporting Tolmie, ran as Unionists, and those grouped around William John Bowser, a former premier, ran as Non-Partisans. The result was easily foreseen. The Liberals captured 42% of the vote and 34 of the 47 seats, the new social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation became the official opposition, and the Conservatives who had run under various banners picked up just five seats. Tolmie lost his own seat.

Tolmie returned to politics three years later, returning to his old federal seat of Victoria in a 1936 by-election. He died in Victoria a little over a year later.

Tolmie led the last Conservative provincial government in British Columbia.

References

1. https://www.ancestry.ca/genealogy/records/simon-fraser-tolmie_38468230
2. Carstairs, C., 1999. Deporting “Ah Sin” to save the white race: Moral panic, racialization, and the extension of Canadian drug laws in the 1920s. Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 16(1), pp.65-88

External links

• Simon Fraser Tolmie – Parliament of Canada biography