Soldier

A soldier is one who fights as part of a military. A soldier can be a conscripted or volunteer enlisted person, a non-commissioned officer, or an officer. In other definition, soldiers are military personnel that participate in ground, sea, or air forces, commonly known as armies, navies, and air forces, respectively.[1]

Soldier

U.S. Army soldier WCAP, by CPT Nathaniel Garcia
Occupation
Occupation type	Profession
Activity sectors	Military
Description
Competencies	Physical Stamina Mindset
Fields of employment	Armies and fireteams
Related jobs	Airman Sailor Marine Commando

A U.S. soldier on riot control duty

Mexican soldier manning a vehicle-mounted machine gun

Etymology

The word soldier derives from the Middle English word soudeour, from Old French soudeer or soudeour, meaning mercenary, from soudee, meaning shilling's worth or wage, from sou or soud, shilling.[2] The word is also related to the Medieval Latin soldarius, meaning soldier (literally, "one having pay").[3] These words ultimately derive from the Late Latin word solidus, referring to an Ancient Roman coin used in the Byzantine Empire.[2][3]

Occupational designations

In most armies use of the word "soldier" has taken on a more general meaning due to the increasing specialization of military occupations that require different areas of knowledge and skill-sets. As a result, "soldiers" are referred to by names or ranks which reflect an individual's military occupation specialty arm, service, or branch of military employment, their type of unit, or operational employment or technical use such as: trooper, tanker (a member of tank crew), commando, dragoon, infantryman, guardian, artilleryman, paratrooper, grenadier, ranger, sniper, engineer, sapper, craftsman, signaller, medic, or a gunner.

In many countries soldiers serving in specific occupations are referred to by terms other than their occupational name. For example, military police personnel in the British Army are known as "red caps" because of the colour of their caps (and berets).

Infantry are sometimes called "grunts" (in the United States Army) or "squaddies" (in the British Army), while U.S. Army artillery crews, or "gunners," are sometimes referred to as "redlegs", from the service branch color for artillery. U.S. soldiers are often called "G.I.s" (short for the term "General Issue").

French Marine Infantry are called marsouins (French: porpoises) because of their amphibious role. Military units in most armies have nicknames of this type, arising either from items of distinctive uniform, some historical connotation or rivalry between branches or regiments.

Career soldiers and conscripts

Some soldiers, such as conscripts or draftees, serve a single limited term. Others choose to serve until retirement; then they receive a pension and other benefits. In the United States, military members can retire after 20 years.[4] In other countries, the term of service is 30 years, hence the term "30-year man".

Women as soldiers

Female sergeant of the Ghana Army

According to the United Nations, 10–30% of all soldiers worldwide are women. 70–90% are men.[5]

See also

• Airman
• Marine
• Sailor
• Military ranks

References

1. "soldier - Dictionary Definition". Vocabulary.com. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
2. Mish, Frederick C., ed. (2004). "soldier". Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. ISBN 0-87779-809-5.
3. Harper, Douglas (2010). "Online Etymology Dictionary". Retrieved 17 August 2010.
4. "20-Year Retirement". Armytimes.com. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
5. "#YouthStats: Armed Conflict". United Nations Office of Secretary General.

External links

• Media related to Soldier at Wikimedia Commons