Vice admiral

Vice admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, equivalent to lieutenant general and air marshal. A vice admiral is typically senior to a rear admiral and junior to an admiral. In many navies,[1] vice admiral is a three-star rank with a NATO code of OF-8, although in some navies like the French Navy it is an OF-7 rank, the OF-8 code corresponding to the four-star rank of squadron vice-admiral.

Rank insignia

The rank insignia for a vice admiral often involves three stars, but this is not always the case. In the navy of Iraq, vice admiral insignia involves one star.[2] In the navies of Azerbaijan,[3] Bangladesh,[4] China,[5] Cuba,[6] Iran,[7] Mexico,[8] North Korea,[9] and Russia, vice admiral insignia involves two stars, and in the navy of Turkey, vice admiral insignia involves four stars.[10]

Gallery

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  Royal Australian Navy shoulder board
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  Bangladesh Navy
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  Brazilian Navy
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  Royal Canadian Navy
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  Croatian Navy
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  Egyptian shoulder board
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  French Navy
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  Vizeadmiral (German Navy)
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  Indian Navy
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  Indonesian Navy shoulder board (command)
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  Imperial Iranian Navy
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  Islamic Republic of Iran Navy
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  Irish Naval Service
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  Kaishō (Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force)
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  해군중장 (Republic of Korea Navy)
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  Vice-Admiraal (Royal Netherlands Navy)
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  Vice Admiral Sleeve Insignia (Philippine Navy)
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  Vice Admiral Shoulder Insignia (Philippine Navy)
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  Polish Navy wiceadmirał shoulder insignia
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  Romanian tunic shoulder board of a viceamiral
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  Russian Navy (and formerly Soviet Navy)
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  Vicealmirante of the Spanish Navy
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  Swedish Navy sleeve insignia
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  Royal Thai Navy
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  Sleeve insignia:
  Royal Navy (United Kingdom),
  Royal Canadian Navy,
  Royal Australian Navy,
  Royal New Zealand Navy,
  Bangladesh Navy,
  Indian Navy and
  Royal Norwegian Navy
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  Royal Navy shoulder board[1]
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  U.S. Navy
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  U.S. Coast Guard
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  Ukrainian Navy (before 2016)
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  Ukrainian Navy (after 2016)
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  Vietnam People's Navy

Australia

In the Royal Australian Navy, the rank of vice admiral is held by the Chief of Navy and, when the positions are held by navy officers, by the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Joint Operations, and/or the Chief of Capability Development Group.

Vice admiral is the equivalent of air marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force and lieutenant general in the Australian Army.

Bangladesh

Vice admiral is a three-star admiral rank of the Bangladesh Navy.

Canada

In the Royal Canadian Navy, the rank of vice-admiral (VAdm) (vice-amiral or Vam in French) is equivalent to lieutenant-general of the Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force. A vice-admiral is a flag officer, the naval equivalent of a general officer. A vice-admiral is senior to a rear-admiral and major general, and junior to an admiral and general.

The rank insignia of a Canadian vice-admiral is as follows:

• On the navy blue mess dress jacket and the navy blue service dress tunic: the cuff insignia is one wide gold braid below two standard size gold braids, the superior one includes the executive curl.
• On tropical white mess dress and tropical white service dress tunic: three silver maple leaves, beneath silver crossed sword and baton, all surmounted by a St. Edward's Crown located on gold shoulder boards.

Two rows of gold oak leaves are located on the black visor of the white service cap. From 1968 to June 2010, the navy blue service dress tunic featured only a wide gold braid around the cuff with three gold maple leaves, beneath crossed sword and baton, all surmounted by a St. Edward's Crown located on cloth shoulder straps.

Vice-admirals are addressed by rank and name; thereafter by subordinates as "Sir" or "Ma'am". Vice-admirals are normally entitled to a staff car; the car will normally bear a flag, dark blue with three gold maple leaves arranged one over two.

A vice-admiral generally holds only the most senior command or administrative appointments, barring only Chief of Defence Staff, which is held by a full admiral or general. Appointments held by vice-admirals may include:

• Vice Chief of the Defence Staff (VCDS);
• Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (DCDS);
• Commander of an operational command (such as Canadian Joint Operations Command);
• Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy;
• Assistant Deputy Minister (ADM) of Defence in various capacities;
• Commander of, or representative to, a multinational force, alliance, or treaty organization.

Charles, Prince of Wales holds the honorary rank of vice admiral in the Royal Canadian Navy.[11]

France

In France, vice-amiral is the most senior of the ranks in the French Navy; higher ranks, vice-amiral d'escadre and amiral, are permanent functions, style and position (in French rang et appellation) given to a vice-amiral-ranking officer. The vice-amiral rank used to be an OF-8 rank in NATO charts, but nowadays, it is more an OF-7 rank.

The rank of vice-amiral d'escadre (literally, "squadron vice-admiral", with more precision, "fleet vice-admiral") equals a NATO OF-8 rank.

In the ancien régime Navy, between 1669 and 1791. The office of "Vice-Admiral of France" (Vice-amiral de France) was the highest rank, the supreme office of "Admiral of France" being purely ceremonial.

Distinct offices were :

• 1669–1791 Vice-admiral of the West (Atlantic Ocean).
• 1669–1791 Vice-admiral of the East (Mediterranean Sea).
• 1778–1791 Vice-admiral of the Asian and American Seas (American shores).
• 1784–1788 Vice-admiral of the Indian Seas (Indian Ocean).

Germany

Pennant of a German Vizeadmiral

Vizeadmiral is an OF-8 three-star rank equivalent to the German Heer and Luftwaffe rank of Generalleutnant.

India

In India, vice admiral is a three-star admiral rank of the Indian Navy.

Italy

In Italy, the equivalent to vice admiral is the ammiraglio di squadra or squadron admiral. 　

Philippines

In the Philippines, the rank vice admiral is the highest-ranking official of the Philippine Navy. He is recognized as the flag officer in-command of the navy, an equivalent post to the Chief of Naval Operations in the U.S. Navy.

Poland

Before World War II, the vice admiral was the highest rank in the Polish Navy. Jozef Unrug was one of the only two officers to achieve the rank. The other was Jerzy Świrski. Poland had only one sovereign sea port, Port of Gdynia, and was slowly building a small modern navy that was to be ready by 1950. The navy was not a priority for obvious reasons. At present, it is a "two-star" rank. The stars are not used; however, the stars were used in between 1952 and 1956 and are still used in the vice admiral's pennant.

Sweden

In Sweden, vice admiral is a three-star admiral rank of the Swedish Navy.

United Kingdom

In the Royal Navy the rank of vice-admiral should be distinguished from the office of "Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom", which is an Admiralty position usually held by a retired "full" admiral, and that of "Vice-Admiral of the Coast", a now obsolete office dealing with naval administration in each of the maritime counties.

History

United States

Vietnam

In Vietnam, the equivalent to vice admiral is the phó đô đốc which is a 2-star rank. It is below the admiral (3 stars) and above rear admiral (1 star).

References

1. Vice admiral is a three-star rank in the navies of NATO and Commonwealth countries, including (since 2001) the Royal Navy. (Refer UK DCI (Joint Service) 125/2001)
2. "Navy of Iraq - Vice Admiral".
3. "Navy of Azerbaijan - Vice Admiral".
4. "Navy of Bangladesh - Vice Admiral".
5. "Navy of China - Vice Admiral".
6. "Navy of Cuba - Vice Admiral".
7. "Navy of Iran - Vice Admiral".
8. "Navy of Mexico - Vice Admiral".
9. "Navy of North Korea - Vice Admiral".
10. "Navy of Turkey - Vice Admiral".
11. Deachman, Bruce; McCulloch, Sandra (9 November 2009), "Royals arrive in Ottawa in final leg of cross-Canada tour", Ottawa Citizen, retrieved 10 November 2009

See also

• Comparative military ranks