Spatula (genus)

Spatula is a genus or subgenus of ducks in the family Anatidae that includes the shovelers and some of the teals.

Spatula
Male northern shoveler
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anatidae
Tribe:	Anatini
Genus:	Spatula Boie, F. 1822
Type species
Spatula clypeata
Synonyms
Anas (Pterocyanea) Bonaparte 1841[1] Querquedula Stephens 1824 Querquedula Oken 1817 nomen nudum Rhynchaspis Stephens 1824 Rhynchoplatus Berthold 1827 Cyanopterus Bonaparte1838 non Haliday 1835 Clypeata Lesson 1828 Anas (Micronetta) Roberts 1922 Adelonetta Heine & Reichenow 1890 Punanetta Bonaparte 1856

Taxonomy

The species now placed in this genus were formerly placed in the genus Anas. A molecular phylogentic study comparing mitochondrial DNA sequences published in 2009 found that the genus Anas, as then defined, was non-monophyletic.[2] Based on this published phylogeny, the genus Anas was split into four monophyletic genera with ten species moved into the resurrected genus Spatula.[3]

The genus Spatula had originally been proposed by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1822. The type species is the northern shoveler.[4][5] The name Spatula is the Latin for a "spoon" or "spatula".[6]

Extant Species

The genus contains 10 species:[3]

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	S. querquedula	Garganey	Europe and western Asia
	S. hottentota	Blue-billed teal	eastern and southern Africa, from Sudan and Ethiopia west to Niger and Nigeria and south to South Africa and Namibia
	S. puna	Puna teal	the Andes of Peru, western Bolivia, northern Chile, and extreme northwestern Argentina
	S. versicolor	Silver teal	southern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, and the Falkland Islands
	S. platalea	Red shoveler	from Tierra del Fuego northwards to Chile and most parts of Argentina, as well as to the Falkland Islands, and there are small isolated breeding populations in southern Peru.
	S. cyanoptera	Cinnamon teal	South America, western United States, and extreme southwestern Canada, and are rare visitors to the east coast of the United States
	S. discors	Blue-winged teal	North America, where it breeds from southern Alaska to Nova Scotia, and south to northern Texas.
	S. smithii	Cape shoveler	South Africa, and uncommon further north in Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, southern Angola, Lesotho, Mozambique, and Zambia
	S. rhynchotis	Australasian shoveler	Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand
	S. clypeata	Northern shoveler	northern areas of Europe and Asia and across most of North America

Phylogeny

Cladogram based on the analysis of Gonzalez and colleagues published in 2009.[2]

Spatula	Garganey       Hottentot teal       Puna teal     Silver teal             Red shoveler         Blue-winged teal     Cinnamon teal         Cape shoveler       Northern shoveler     Australasian shoveler

References

1. "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
2. Gonzalez, J.; Düttmann, H.; Wink, M. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships based on two mitochondrial genes and hybridization patterns in Anatidae". Journal of Zoology. 279: 310–318. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00622.x.
3. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
4. Boie, Friedrich (1822). "Generalübersicht". Isis von Oken (in German). Col 564.
5. Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 460.
6. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 361. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.