Species360

Species360 (formerly International Species Information System or ISIS) founded in 1974, is an international non-profit organization that maintains an online database of wild animals under human care .[1] As of 2016, the organization serves more than 1,000 zoos, aquariums and zoological associations in 90 countries worldwide.[2] The organization provides its members with zoological data collection and management software called ZIMS—the Zoological Information Management System.

Species360
Formation1973 (1973)
TypeInternational not-for-profit organization
PurposeZoo and aquarium animal records database
Location
Region
Global
MethodMembership
Websitewww.species360.org

ZIMS project was a large global collaboration with 600 people contributing under the leadership of Nate Flesness, Executive Director of Species360 (1979-2009),[3] and Hassan Syed, CIO of Species360 (2003-2010).[4] The ZIMS database contains information on 22,000 species, 10 million animals, and 82 million medical records.[2] Members use the basic biologic information (age, sex, parentage, place of birth, circumstance of death, etc.) collected in the system to care for and manage their animal collections (including demographic and genetic management in many cases). It is also used for ex situ breeding programs and supporting conservation research and programs.

Since its founding in 1973, the group has been a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) pursuing wild animal conservation goals. Species360 works in partnership with zoo associations around the world.

Regional association members include:

Species360 and the Central Zoo Authority of India (CZA) have a five-year memorandum of understanding with a primary goal of migrating the majority of the zoos in India into the ZIMS database.

The organization has staff and representatives in Amsterdam (the Netherlands), New Delhi (India), Jerusalem (Israel), Odense (Denmark), and Istanbul (Turkey) with headquarters in Minnesota (USA).

Centralized database

Modern zoos and aquariums often are "gene banks" for endangered species. In some cases, species which have become extinct in the wild and have been bred in zoos are eventually returned to the wild. Examples include the black-footed ferret, California condor, Przewalski's horse, red wolf, Micronesian kingfisher (not yet reintroduced), and the Arabian oryx. Individual zoos generally do not have the space to maintain a viable species population (which for many mammals and birds requires 500+ animals in order to maintain sufficient genetic diversity[5]), so maintaining genetic diversity requires coordination between many zoos. Scientific expertise on husbandry, nutrition, veterinary care and so on is spread throughout the zoos and aquaria of the world. Breeding and population management relies on accurate information about animals in all member institutions, especially pedigree history (parentage) and demography (births and deaths).

Species360 records are accepted by international regulatory bodies such as CITES. Roughly three-quarters of Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) members in North America are members, and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) requires its members to join. The World Association of Zoos and Aquaria's (WAZA) Conservation Strategy Guidelines strongly recommend that all zoo and aquaria join and participate in data sharing via ZIMS.[6]

Software
ZIMS (Zoological Information Management System) for Husbandry
A web-based record-keeping system used by zoos, aquariums and zoological associations to capture and organize husbandry information. also includes best-practices and collaboration opportunities among members.
ZIMS for Medical
a web-base module used to capture and organize: A web-based record-keeping system used by zoos, aquariums and zoological associations to capture and organize veterinary information .
SPARKS
Single Population Analysis & Records Keeping System: supports studbook management and species analysis, and is for use by studbook keepers.
EGGS
is egg clutch management software for a single facility, and augments records for egg-laying species in both ARKS4 and SPARKS.
ZIMS – Zoological Information Management System's, husbandry module and medical module
is the next generation Species360 software. Release 1 was delivered in March 2010 and was updated in 2012 to a greatly improved user interface. Release 1 covers functionality regarding basic inventory of animals, detailed individual animal information, and general institutional information such as staff, enclosure data and life support system design and maintenance. Release 2 features veterinary medical features currently offered via the MedARKS application. Release 3 will incorporate the SPARKS and Poplink Studbook functionalities. The ZIMS application is the world's first and only real-time, unified global database for animals in zoos and aquariums.[7]
LearnZIMS – the educational version of ZIMS
is made available for licensing to educational organizations teaching animal husbandry, zoo and aquarium science. This version of ZIMS mirrors the standard ZIMS application, but does not include the global database of animal records. LearnZIMS uses a fictitious dataset to teach application functionality and to demonstrate the types of data that are collected in the global database.[8]

History

In 1973, Ulysses Seal and Dale Makey proposed the International Species Information System (ISIS) as an international database to help zoos and aquariums accomplish long-term conservation management goals. It was founded in 1974 with an initial membership of 51 zoos in North America and Europe, and its membership has increased every year since.[7] Grants and endorsements were provided by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians (AAZV) and other zoological associations. The founders also raised development funding from private foundations and the United States Department of the Interior. For the first 30 years, the Minnesota Zoo hosted the program on their grounds.[7]

Since 1989, the organisation has been incorporated as a non-profit entity under an international Board of Trustees elected by subscribing member institutions.[7] In 2016, the organization was renamed as Species360, due to ISIS being an acronym for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, a terrorist organization.[9]

References
  1. Flesness, N. R. (2003). "International Species Information System (ISIS): over 25 years of compiling global animal data to facilitate collection and population management". International Zoo Yearbook. 38 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.2003.tb02064.x.
  2. "Fact Sheet & Logos". Species360. 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  3. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:0Z7MlLoKigoJ:https://www.species360.org/about-us/meet-the-team/+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. "ISIS Newsletter". myemail.constantcontact.com. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  5. Tudge, Colin (1992). Last Animals at the Zoo: How Mass Extinction Can Be Stopped. Washington, DC: Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-158-9.
  6. WAZA 2009 Conservation Strategy.
  7. "Mission & History". Species360. 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  8. LearnZIMS educational license of the ZIMS application.
  9. "What's in a name?". Species360. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
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