Steregushchiy-class corvette

The Steregushchiy class (Russian: Стерегущий, lit. 'Vigilant'), Russian designation Project 20380, is the newest class of corvettes being built for the Russian Navy. Designed by the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau, subsequent vessels were built to an improved design (Project 20381), incorporating the Poliment-Redut SAM system. The ship full displacement and dimensions are large for a corvette, thus it is designated as a frigate by NATO.[1] The Steregushchiy class has been further developed into the Gremyashchiy class (Project 20385) and Project 20386 subclasses. The export variant is known as Project 20382 Tigr.

The corvette Steregushchiy in 2018
Class overview
Name: Steregushchiy class
Builders:
Operators:
Preceded by: Grisha class
Succeeded by: Gremyashchiy class
Subclasses:
  • Project 20382 Tigr (export)
  • Project 20385 (domestic)
  • Project 20386 (domestic)
Cost: US$120-150m (est. for Tigr)
Built: 2001–present
In commission: 2008–present
Planned: 24
Building: 2
Completed: 8
Active: 7
General characteristics
Type: Guided missile corvette
Displacement:
  • Standard: 1,800 tons
  • Full: 2,200 tons[1] (2,500 tons Project 20385[2])
Length: 104.5 m (343 ft)[1]
Beam:
  • 13 m (43 ft)[3]
  • 11.6 m (38 ft) (waterline)[1]
Draught: 3.7 m (12 ft)[1]
Installed power: 380/220 V AC, 50 Hz, 4x630 kW diesel genset
Propulsion: 2 shaft CODAD, 4 Kolomna 16D49 diesels 23,664 hp (17.6 MW)[1]
Speed: 27 kn (50 km/h; 31 mph)[1]
Range: 3,800 nmi (7,000 km; 4,400 mi) at 14 kn (26 km/h; 16 mph)[1]
Endurance: 15 days
Complement: 90
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • Air search radar: Furke 2 (Furke-E, Positiv-ME1, SMILE Thales for export)
  • Surface search radar: Granit Central Scientific Institute Garpun-B/3Ts-25E/PLANK SHAVE radar
  • Monument targeting radar
  • Fire control radar: Ratep 5P-10E Puma for A-190
  • Sonar: Zarya-M (Zarya-ME for export) suite, bow mounted. Vinyetka low frequency active/passive towed array
  • Navigation: Gorizont-25 integrated navigation system
Electronic warfare
& decoys:
  • EW Suite: TK-25E-5 ECM
  • Countermeasures: 4 x PK-10 decoy launchers
Armament:
Aircraft carried:

History

The ships of the Steregushchiy class are multipurpose corvettes, designed to replace the Grisha class. Such ships are used for littoral zone operations, engagement of enemy submarines and surface ships, and gun support of landing operations.[5] The first batch built at the Severnaya Verf shipyard in St. Petersburg consists of four ships. A second building line has been started at Komsomolsk. The lead ship of this second batch was named Sovershennyy.

The Russian Navy has publicly announced that they expect to buy at least 30 of these ships, for all four major fleets.[6]

According to Jane's Naval Forces News, the first vessel was commissioned on 14 November 2007.[7]

An additional order of 8 corvettes of the 20380 design (and an additional 2 of the 20385 design) was made in August 2020. Some of the ships may reportedly be built at the Amur Shipyard as destined for the Pacific Fleet, while others could be built at Severnaya Verf.[8][9][10] As of November 2020, the allocation between shipyards for the ten new vessels had still to be decided.[11] In December it was announced that the Amur Shipyard would build six new corvettes (2 Project 20380 and 4 Project 20385) for the Pacific Fleet with projected service entry between 2024 and 2028. Construction was to begin in 2021.[12]

Design

The Steregushchiy-class corvettes have a steel hull and composite material superstructure, with a bulbous bow and nine watertight subdivisions. They have a combined bridge and command centre, and space and weight provision for eight SS-N-25 missiles. Stealth technology was widely used during construction of the ships, as well as 21 patents and 14 new computer programs. Newest physical field reduction solutions were applied too. As a result, designers considerably reduced the ship's radar signature thanks to hull architecture and fire-resistant radar-absorbent fiberglass applied in tophamper's design.[5]

The Kashtan CIWS on the first ship was replaced in subsequent vessels by 12 Redut VLS cells containing[13] 9M96E medium-range SAMs of the S-400 system. SS-N-27 (Kalibr type missiles) will be fitted to a larger domestic version, Project 20385.

The export version known as Project 20382 Tigr carries either eight supersonic SS-N-26 (P-800 Oniks) anti-ship missiles or sixteen subsonic SS-N-25 'Switchblade' (Kh-35E Uran).[14] It also carries two twin-tube launchers for 533mm heavy torpedoes.[14] The A-190E 100mm gun first used in the Talwar-class frigates is controlled by a 5P-10E system that can track four targets simultaneously.[14] Protection from air attacks is provided by the Kashtan CIWS and eight mounts for the SA-N-10 'Grouse' (9K38 Igla) SAM.[14]

Export

In 2007 the Indonesian Navy made an agreement in principle (pending a full contract) for four vessels of this type to replace their ageing Dutch-built Fatahillah-class corvettes. The first was to be built in Spain and fitted out in St. Petersburg, leaving open the option of Indonesian involvement in building the subsequent ships. This agreement appears to have lapsed; in 2011 Indonesia signed a deal for two Milgem-class corvettes from Turkey. Rosoboronexport have briefed Singapore and the United Arab Emirates on the vessel.[14]

The first actual contract for the export version, Project 20382 Tigr, was signed at the 5th International Maritime Defense Show in St. Petersburg in July 2011 when Algeria ordered two ships.[15] The cost was estimated at US$120–150 million per ship.[16] One was to be delivered to the Algerian Navy in 2014 and one in 2015,[17] but over five years later, the IISS Military Balance 2020 did not list any such vessels in service with the Algerian Navy (IISS MB 2020, p. 341).

Operational history
  • Steregushchiy started sea trials in November 2006 and was commissioned in the Baltic fleet on 14 November 2007.
  • Soobrazitelnyy, the second ship in the class, was launched on 31 March 2010[18] and was expected to start sea trials in November/December 2010.[18] Soobrazitelnyy was commissioned in October 2011.
  • Boikiy was commissioned in May 2013.
  • Stoikiy was commissioned in May 2014. Flag-raising ceremony was conducted on 27 July 2014.[19]
  • Sovershennyy was launched in 2015 and joined the Pacific fleet in late July 2017.
  • Gromkiy was commissioned in December 2018.
  • Hero of the Russian Federation Aldar Tsydenzhapov was commissioned in December 2020.[20]

2020

The first six corvettes participated in the large-scale drills of the Russian navy in the March and April 2020. The exercise was largely seen as an answer to the largest NATO post-Cold war simulation of amphibious landing in Europe Defender 2020.[21]

The Russian exercise started with corvette Stoikiy and LST Korolyov being deployed to the North sea in early March.[22] In the mid and late March, the three remaining corvettes saw deployments as well. Boikiy was active in the southern North sea, together with LSTs Minsk and Kaliningrad, while Steregushchy and Soobrazitelny were active in the central North sea. Present auxiliary ships included tug Nikolay Chiker, tankers Kola and Akademik Pashin,[23] as well as research ship Yantar.[24] Adding the Yaroslav Mudry's deployment to the Indian Ocean, this means that all active major surface combatants of the Baltic fleet were active at the same time, which was an unprecedented event at the time and can be roughly compared only with Ocean shield exercise in the Summer 2019, when two LSTs, three corvettes and a frigate were active in the Baltic sea.[25] At the same time, however, frigates Admiral Grigorovich, Admiral Essen [26] and Admiral Makarov of the Black sea fleet were also active.[27] On 26 March combined Russian force with 2 Black sea fleet frigates, 3 Baltic sea corvettes and two LSTs was tracked by 9-ship strong Royal navy squadron.[28]

The 2 corvettes [29] of the Pacific fleet held drills together with a cruiser, 3 destroyers, tracking ship and 3 icebreakers [30] in the sea of Japan, as well as 8 corvettes and 2 minesweepers in the Bering sea.[31][32]

The second stage of the drills started in on 8 April, when the Steregushchy, Soobrazitelny and Stoiky were again deployed to the Baltic sea.[33] A day earlier, frigate Admiral Kasatonov, submarine St. Petersburg and tug Pamir of the Northern fleet were reported to be in Norwegian sea on their way to the Baltic sea as well.[34][35]

The intense period of drills continued in mid April. At Pacific fleet they involved 1 LST and 6 anti-ship corvettes.[36] At Northern fleet they included 2 anti-ship,[37] 3 anti-submarine corvettes [38] and supposedly 6 nuclear submarines.[39] Baltic fleet held three more exercises involving 2 LSTs,[40] 6 anti-ship corvettes,[41] 2 anti-submarine corvettes [42] as well as other ships. Boikiy was deployed to English Channel with tanker Akademik Pashin on 30 April.[43]

2021

In early 2021, corvette Stoykiy entered the Mediterranean Sea along with tanker Kola and tug Yakov Grebelskiy. The ship detachment met frigate Admiral Kasatonov and tug Nikolay Chiker in western Mediterranean on 15 January 2021.[44] Later on, the three ships have visited Cypriot port Limassol.[45] On 1 February 2021, Stoykiy and Kola entered the Red sea and were heading for the Gulf of Aden.[46] Reports suggested that both ships are to participate in the international naval drills AMAN2021 in Pakistan, along Admiral Grigorevich and Dmitry Rogachev, who crossed the Suez canal on 26 January 2021.[47]

Ships

Italics indicate estimates

Name Hull No. Builders Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
Project 20380/20381
Steregushchiy 530 Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg 21 December 2001 16 May 2006 28 February 2008 Baltic Active
Soobrazitelnyy 531 Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg 20 May 2003 31 March 2010 14 October 2011[48][49] Baltic Active
Boikiy 532 Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg 27 July 2005 15 April 2011[50] 16 May 2013[51] Baltic Active
Sovershennyy 333 Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur 30 June 2006 22 May 2015 20 July 2017[52] Pacific Active
Stoikiy 545 Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg 10 November 2006 30 May 2012[53] 18 July 2014[54] Baltic Active
Gromkiy 335 Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur 17 February 2012[55] 28 July 2017[56] 25 December 2018[57] Pacific Active
Retiviy Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg 20 February 2015 12 March 2020[58] 2021[11][59] Black Sea[60] Launched
Strogiy Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg 20 February 2015[61] 2021[59] Baltic or Black Sea[62] Under construction
Hero of the Russian Federation Aldar Tsydenzhapov 339 Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur 22 July 2015[63] 12 September 2019[64] 25 December 2020[65] Pacific Active
Rezkiy Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur 1 July 2016[66][67] 2021[59][68] Pacific Under construction
TBD Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg?[8][69] Ordered[10]
TBD Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg? Ordered
TBD Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg? Ordered
TBD Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg? Ordered
TBD Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg? Ordered
TBD Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg? Ordered
TBD Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur?[69] Before 2028[69] Pacific Ordered
TBD Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur? Before 2028[69] Pacific Ordered
Project 20385
Gremyashchiy 337 Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg 1 February 2012[70] 30 June 2017[71] 29 December 2020[72] Pacific Active; deployed in the Baltic as of December 2020.[73]
Provorniy Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg 25 July 2013[74] September 2019[75] 2022[59] Pacific Launched
TBD Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur[8] Expected 2021[69] Expected 2024[69] Pacific Contract awarded [10][69]
TBD Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur Pacific Contract awarded [69]
TBD Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur Pacific Contract awarded [69]
TBD Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur By 2028[69] Pacific Contract awarded [69]
Project 20386
Merkuriy
(ex-Derzky)		 Severnaya Verf, St. Petersburg 28 October 2016[76] 2021 2022[59][77] Northern or Black Sea[62] Under construction

See also

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