Stratiotes aloides

Stratiotes aloides, commonly known as water soldiers[2] or water pineapple, is a submerged aquatic plant native to Europe and northwestern Asia. In Britain it was once common in East Anglia and still is in many places, particularly wet ditches and healthy ponds. It is the only species in the genus Stratiotes.

Stratiotes aloides
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Hydrocharitaceae
Genus: Stratiotes
Species:
S. aloides
Binomial name
Stratiotes aloides
Synonyms[1]
  • Stratiotes aquaticus Pall.
  • Stratiotes ensiformis Gilib.
  • Stratiotes aculeatus Stokes
  • Stratiotes generalis E.H.L.Krause

Invasive species

Stratiotes aloides has been found in the Trent River in eastern Ontario, Canada.[3]

Description

Stratiotes aloides has a rosette of serrated leaves, lanceolate, up to 30 cm long in tufts. White flowers are up to 45 mm across with many stamens in the male plants[4]are produced in the summer.

Ecological aspects

In the summer this plant floats on the water surface with the leaves just above the surface. In the autumn they become covered with a slimy secretion (calcium carbonate) and the whole plant sinks to the bottom to rise again in the spring. Fossils have been found of this plant.

Plants are dioecious, male and female plants must be grown if seed is required. Only the female plant occurs naturally in Britain, though plants with hermaphrodite flowers are also found occasionally. Seed is never set in Britain, the plants increasing mainly by offsets.[5]

Distribution

In Ireland found in shallow waters where it was introduced.[4]Apparently now extinct in the north-east of Ireland.[6]Rare in east England.[7]

Cultivation

Most suitable for the cool aquarium or pond.

Propagation from runners which form from the centre of the rosette of leaves.

The herb has had a high reputation for treating wounds, especially when these are made by an iron implement. It is applied externally. The plant is also said to be of use in the treatment of St. Anthony's fire and also of bruised kidneys.[8]

References
  1. "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
  2. "Stratiotes aloides". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  3. http://www.bqrap.ca/cms_lib/watersoldierPosterLOWRES.PDF
  4. Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora Cork University press.ISBN 978-185918-4783
  5. Clapham, Tutin and Warburg
  6. Hackney, P. (ed) 1992. Stewart & Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast. ISBN 0-85389-446-9
  7. Martin, W.K. 1965. The Concise British Flora in Colour. George Rainbird Ltd.
  8. Grieve, A Modern Herbal. Penguin (1984)
  • Clapham, Tootin and Warburg. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press 1962
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