Survey parties to the Northern Territory 1864–1870

A number of survey parties to the Northern Territory were involved in attempts to found a settlement in the Northern Territory during the years 1864–1870. This article describes attempts by the South Australian Government to found a settlement in the Northern Territory, and the people who took part in those ventures. It includes lists of all known participants.

Background

In 1863, the part of New South Wales to the north of South Australia between the 129th and 138th parallels of longitude East was annexed to South Australia, by letters patent, as the "Northern Territory of South Australia", which was abbreviated to the Northern Territory (6 July 1863).[1] The South Australian Government, with the Wakefield plan for colonisation of South Australia as a basis, believed that European settlement of the Northern Territory could be achieved in much the same way: by selling "off the plan" parcels of land to investors, and a great deal of money would go into Government coffers, which would be used for infrastructure, thus attracting further investment. All that was required was another Col. William Light, another George Gawler and a location for the new capital, which from the start was to be named "Palmerston".

Finniss expedition to Adam Bay 1864

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The first requirement for such a settlement was a safe harbour, and from previous explorers' experience, one stood out: Adam Bay, into which the Adelaide River flows, a river navigable for a considerable distance, where all kinds of wharfs and berths could be erected. There was little land at the mouth for buildings, but no doubt suitable areas would be found upstream.

Boyle Travers Finniss, a career public servant with some surveying experience, was put in charge of a body of some 40 officers and men, and whose task it was to establish a camp at a site of his choosing and mark out some 1000 town sites and a similar number of rural sites.

Finniss was not obliged to settle at Adam Bay; he chose it in preference to Port Darwin or Port Patterson on account of its harbour and the Adelaide River, which is navigable for a great distance inland, ignoring the lack of building materials, the low-lying boggy nature of the country. He chose two settlement sites; Escape Cliffs on the east coast of the bay, and The Narrows, a short distance up the Adelaide River, where there was a good landing for boats, and planned a connecting road of 6 miles (10 km).[2]

No substantial building was ever erected, apart from the Government Resident's house, in front of which he daily drilled his Guard, to the delight of the natives, who mimicked their exercises.[3]

No surveying could be done in first dry season due to insufficient manpower;[4] much of the stores never made it under cover, and much manpower was wasted keeping a lookout for marauding Aborigines. The Protector of Aborigines, Dr. Goldsmith, was refused membership of a party sent to recover stolen property, which turned into a reprisal, then after some horses were speared, refused inclusion in an armed party led by Finniss's son, when many shots were fired and at least one Aborigine killed.

Morale was low from the start. Only the Government Resident (Finniss) and a few favourites refused to admit that the choice of site was a huge mistake. Jealousies developed between various sections of the workforce as to who was getting preferential treatment or having the more odious duties to perform, the Government Resident and Surgeon (Sweet) were seen going off on "jaunts" with "favorites". Jealousies erupted and operations stumbled from crisis to crisis. The number of staff was augmented somewhat to replace those whose year's contract had expired; Finniss was recalled to answer accusations levelled against him, and others at the same time as witnesses or to answer charges related to the murder of several Aborigines. Some resigned and found their own way back to Adelaide. Many, whose one-year contract was over, returned at the same time.

Manton, left in charge of the depleted party, reported that it was certain there was no land within a hundred miles worth surveying, and they could do nothing more than protect themselves and their stores from the natives. In October 1866 Government ordered a recall of Manton and his men, along with those remaining of McKinlay's party on the steamer Eagle, Captain Hill, which left 11 January 1867, transhipped to the Rangatira at Sydney, and arrived at Port Adelaide 2 February 1867.

Personnel

Name	Job/position	Depart Adelaide	Depart Adam Bay	Notes
R. Arthur	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866	Eagle January 1867
J. Railton Atkinson	chainman	Henry Ellis April 1864	Bengal May 1865,	Sacked by Finniss. From Surabaya to Singapore with Cottrell, died in India.
William Patrick Auld	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	Bengal May 1865 in charge of Sgt. Potter	killed aboriginal man 8 September 1864 near Chambers Bay, Northern Territory
Job Austin	visitor	South Australian October 1864 (privately) Bengal March 1865	Ellen Lewis December 1865	later with Goyder expedition, OT
William N. de Bathe	labourer	South Australian October 1864		William Nicholson M. de Bathe (c. 1846 – 4 December 1868) was son of horse breeder James Bathe, owner of Graham's Castle, Prospect.
Samuel Baker	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	died 28 March 1868
Jacob Bauer	visitor, agent for land purchasers[5]	South Australian October 1864 (privately)		accompanied by wife Eliza and ten-year-old son. Drowned 12 October 1866 after falling from boat[6]
Henry Baumgurtel	labourer, miner	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
S. Beard	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866
Robert Beard	visitor	South Australian October 1864 (privately) Bengal March 1865	Ellen Lewis December 1865 Eagle January 1867 ?	later with Goyder expedition
J. J. Benham		Bengal March 1865	Eagle January 1867
J. W. O. Bennett	Draftsman	Henry Ellis April 1864	Eagle January 1867	with Goyder expedition, speared to death
John Bohn	labourer and able seaman	Henry Ellis April 1864	Beatrice November 1864? Bengal May 1865?[7]
Bastin Boucaut	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864		died of fever 16 September 1864; brother of Sir J. P. Boucaut
Thomas Brennan	blacksmith	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Charles Bright[8]	Reporter for The Argus	South Australian October 1864	South Australian December 1864
Edward Burford	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Robert Charles Burton	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867	joined McKinlay's party July 1866 later with Goyder expedition, OT
Stephen Chandler	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	witness to murder of Aborigine 8 September 1864; died 29 March 1866 after drunken fight
G. C. Christie	visitor	South Australian October 1864 (privately) Bengal March 1865	Ellen Lewis December 1865	returned in poor health
John Cleland		Bengal March 1865	Eagle January 1867	joined McKinlay's party July 1866
George Thomas Cottrell	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Bengal May 1865, thence to Singapore with Atkinson
John Cowie	shoemaker and labourer, cook	Henry Ellis April 1864	South Australian December 1864
James Davis	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Forlorn Hope May 1865
John Davis	Assistant Storekeeper	Henry Ellis April 1864 Ellen Lewis September 1865	Ellen Lewis December 1865 Eagle January 1867
Firmin Deacon	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Bengal May 1865
James Deslandes	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866	Eagle January 1867
William Dougall	more info needed	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	tried with Auld for murder of Aborigine 8 September 1864.[9]
James Douglas	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	later with Goyder expedition
C. Dutton	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866	Eagle January 1867
John Dyer	labourer and bullock-driver	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
G. F. Edmunds	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Bengal May 1865
R. H. Edmunds	Surveyor	South Australian October 1864	Beatrice August 1866	joined McKinlay's party as surveyor and deputy leader November 1865[10]
Francis Edwards	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	Forlorn Hope May 1865
Joseph Atkinson Ewart	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866	Eagle January 1867	Son of prominent hotelier, member of Stuart's 5th expedition.[11][12] later with Goyder expedition.
B. T. Finniss	leader and Government Resident	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Frederick Robe "Fred" Finniss	chainman	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	son of the Government Resident
R. E. Fisher	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866	Eagle January 1867
Walter Fisher	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866	Eagle January 1867
Michael Edward Fitch	chainman and Able Seaman	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	later with Goyder expedition, OT, Post Office
David Francis	crew of Bengal?			fell out of boat Julia 18 January 1865 when making her fast at The Narrows, swept away in swift-moving water
James Gilbert	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	Bengal May 1865
Thomas Sherlock Gillman	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Francis Edward Goldsmith	Surgeon and Protector of Aborigines	Henry Ellis April 1864	Bengal May 1865	resigned
C. W. Grainer	visitor	South Australian October 1864 (privately)	Ellen Lewis December 1865	returned in poor health
D. Gray	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866	Eagle January 1867
Charles Hake	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	Forlorn Hope May 1865
Arthur R. Hamilton	Junior Surveyor	Henry Ellis April 1864	Forlorn Hope May 1865
James Hill	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866	Eagle January 1867
Frank W. Hood	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867
John Absalom Howe	carpenter	Henry Ellis April 1864	South Australian December 1864
Charles S. Hulls	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867	joined McKinlay's party November 1865[10]
David Johnson	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867	joined McKinlay's party July 1866 later with Goyder expedition
George Kersley	staff member	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	later with Goyder expedition
Stephen King, jun.	Storekeeper and Superintendent of Stock	South Australian October 1864	Bengal May 1865 on sick leave Ellen Lewis December 1865?	later with Goyder expedition
Thomas King	labourer and able seaman	Henry Ellis April 1864	South Australian December 1864
E. C. Kirby	visitor	South Australian October 1864 (privately)
John G. Kirby	labourer, in charge of stock	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867
R. M. Lewis	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866	Eagle January 1867
F. H. Litchfield	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	died 1867
J. V. Lloyd	visitor	South Australian October 1864 (privately) Bengal March 1865	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Charles William Machell[13]	chainman and Able Seaman	Henry Ellis April 1864	perhaps same person as "Mitchell" on Beatrice November 1864
W. Mann	visitor	South Australian October 1864
James Thomas Manton	Engineer and Surveyor	Henry Ellis April 1864	Eagle January 1867
Henry Martin	labourer / in charge of stock	South Australian October 1864 Ellen Lewis May 1866	Ellen Lewis December 1865 Eagle January 1867 ?
Gilbert R. McMinn	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	later with Goyder expedition
William McMinn	chainman	Henry Ellis April 1864	Forlorn Hope May 1865
William Moorshead	carpenter	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Owen Morris			Eagle January 1867	joined McKinlay's party July 1866[14]
William S. Murray	seaman, labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Charles Edwin Neal	staff	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	later with Goyder expedition
H. D. Packard	Surveyor	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867	accompanied by wife Mary Packard and their four-month-old daughter (Mary made history by in December 1866 giving birth to a daughter in the Top End)
Francis James "Frank" Packard	chainman	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
William Pearson	Surveyor	Henry Ellis April 1864	Bengal May 1865	on sick leave
Charles Pennycuick	more info needed		Beatrice November 1864	dismissed by Finniss September? 1864 for "joining Ward clique"[4]
Sgt. William Potter	police trooper	Ellen Lewis 1865	Ellen Lewis December 1865
W. Read	chainman and Able Seaman	Henry Ellis April 1864	Bengal May 1865	later on OT, killed by crocodile
J. F. Roberts[15]	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	Bengal May 1865	later with Goyder expedition, OT
James Ross	labourer, in charge of stock	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
W. Rowland	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867
Jeremiah Ryan	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867	joined McKinlay party November 1865[10] later with Goyder expedition
John Ryan	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Chris. Schmidt	staff	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867
J. Dodson de Skelton	labourer	South Australian October 1864	South Australian December 1864
Alfred Smith	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
William Smith	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	Bengal May 1865
Jefferson P. Stow	visitor, agent for land purchasers[5]	South Australian October 1864	Forlorn Hope May 1865	criticised frivolous use of Beatrice[16]
Wycliffe Stow	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	returned in poor health
Edward Strawbridge	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
John Stuckey	visitor, agent for land purchasers[5]	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Henry Thomas "Harry" Styles	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864	South Australian December 1864
G. Thompson	in charge of stock	Ellen Lewis May 1866	Eagle January 1867
Alfred John Tod	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867
Edward "Ned" Tuckwell	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867	joined McKinlay party November 1865[10] later with Goyder expedition
John Varley	mason	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Frederick Wadham	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	returned in poor health, died 6 July 1878
James Wadham	Junior Surveyor	Henry Ellis April 1864	Yatala November 1864	brother to at least one other Wadham[17] A niece, Bertha Mary Wadham (1863–1936), was mother of Sir Howard Florey
John Wadham	carpenter	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865	sick with scurvy, died 30 May 1866
W. H. Walker	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Alaric Ward	labourer	Henry Ellis April 1864		killed an Aborigine at Escape Cliffs August 1864, himself speared and bludgeoned to death 31 July 1865 (listed on Ellen Lewis December 1865)
Ebenezer Ward	Clerk in charge, Accountant, and Postmaster	Henry Ellis April 1864	South Australian December 1864	dismissed by Finniss September? 1864 for insubordination
R. J. (R. A?) Ware	labourer, cook	Henry Ellis April 1864	Bengal May 1865	ill at the same time as Pearson
George T. Warland	labourer, in charge of stock	South Australian October 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Richard Watson	Draftsman	Henry Ellis April 1864	Eagle January 1867
John White	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Forlorn Hope May 1865
Eddowes J. Wilson	labourer	South Australian October 1864		died of apoplexy 11 December 1864
D. B. Wiltshire	chainman and Able Seaman	Henry Ellis April 1864	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Clement Young	Postmaster and Clerk	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867
John Young	labourer	South Australian October 1864	Eagle January 1867	joined McKinlay party November 1865[10] accidental death aboard Rangatira 1 February 1867[18]

(for Legend see below following sub-section)

McKinlay expedition 1866

The Finniss expedition, which had left Adelaide with high expectations had, with each depressing report from the Territory, become a drag on Government, who decided what was needed was a small exploration party, unencumbered by such mundane tasks as erecting buildings and maintaining and protecting stores, to make a clear decision as to where the fertile land was, and where the capital should be. To that end they appointed John McKinlay to lead a party of twelve, to receive all support from the Finniss party, but to go where they might. Their ship also carried instructions to Finniss to return to Adelaide to answer criticisms of his administration. McKinlay did not receive the support he expected from Finniss's successor Manton, and did not commence exploration until 20 January, when rain interfered with his travels. They never reached Cape Hawkesbury, the Roper or the Victoria. Their lowest point came in June 1866 (not the Wet Season as sometimes reported)[19] when McKinlay, Edmunds and party, having one by one slaughtered their horses for food, were trapped in boggy land by the East Alligator River. Weak and malnourished with no chance of making it back to camp alive, they killed their two remaining horses for jerky and built a raft 21 by 9 by 4 feet (6.4 m × 2.7 m × 1.2 m) of horses' hides around a structure of green branches, and on 29 June started paddling down to the sea, and arrived back at Escape Cliffs on 5 July 1866.[20]

After recovering from their ordeal they made several coastal expeditions, visiting Anson Bay, the Daly River and Port Darwin.[5] He returned to Adelaide to a hero's welcome, despite having achieved nothing, though he did report having seen some good land near Anson Bay,[21] and thought Port Darwin had many advantages, but lacked fresh water.

Personnel

Name	Job/position	Depart Adelaide	Depart Adam Bay	Notes
Robert Charles Burton			Eagle January 1867	joined July 1866 from Manton's party[14] later with Goyder expedition
John Cleland			Eagle January 1867	joined 1866 from Manton's party[14]
David Collier		Ellen Lewis September 1865	Eagle January 1867
Thomas Bagnold Crispe		Ellen Lewis September 1865	Eagle January 1867
John Davis	storekeeper	Ellen Lewis September 1865	Eagle January 1867
R. H. Edmunds	surveyor and deputy leader		Beatrice August 1866	joined from Finniss's party November 1865[10]
Thomas Gilbanks (often Gillbanks)		Ellen Lewis September 1865	Eagle January 1867	In charge of party after departure of McKinlay
Thomas Glen	bushman	Ellen Lewis September 1865	Beatrice August 1866	Brother-in-law of McKinlay
John Horner		Ellen Lewis September 1865	Eagle January 1867
Charles S. Hulls			Eagle January 1867	joined from Finniss's party November 1865[10]
David Johnston (often Johnson)			Eagle January 1867	joined 1866 from Manton's party[14] later with Goyder expedition
George Gibson Mayo		Ellen Lewis September 1865	Beatrice August 1866
John McKinlay	leader	Ellen Lewis September 1865	Beatrice August 1866
Dr. J. Stokes Millner	Surgeon and Protector of Aborigines	Ellen Lewis September 1865	Eagle January 1867	with Goyder expedition
G. P. Morris		Ellen Lewis September 1865	Eagle January 1867
Owen Morris			Eagle January 1867	joined 1866 from Manton's party[14]
William Potter	Police trooper	Ellen Lewis September 1865	Ellen Lewis December 1865
Jeremiah Ryan			Eagle January 1867	Joined from Finniss's party November 1865[10]
Francis William Thring		Ellen Lewis September 1865	Eagle January 1867	Stuart's third officer on his two longest expeditions.
Edward "Ned" Tuckwell			Eagle January 1867	joined from Finniss's party November 1865[10]
Samuel Watts		Ellen Lewis September 1865	Eagle January 1867
John Young	labourer		Eagle January 1867	joined McKinlay party November 1865[10] accidental death aboard Rangatira 1 February 1867[18]

Legend

Leaving SA

• Henry Ellis April 1864 Henry Ellis, ship, 412 tons; Capt. Phillips left Port Adelaide 23 April 1864, arrived Adam Bay 20 June 1864[22]
• Government schooner Yatala, Humbert, left Port Adelaide 18 May 1864. Capt. Humbert was dismissed by Finniss October 1864.[23]
• South Australian October 1864 steamer South Australian, 435 tons, J. Pain, left Port Adelaide 29 October 1864 arrived Adam Bay December 1864[24] with 47 passengers, including 40 Government appointees.
• Surveying schooner Beatrice 93 tons, Hutchinson R.N., left Port Adelaide 9 April 1864 for Northern Territory. Arrived Adam Bay. Returned from Koepang with supplies 1 October 1864, returned Port Adelaide 14 December 1864.

Lt. Frederick Howard R.N. succeeded Commander Hutchison as officer in charge January 1865; left Port Adelaide 18 February 1865 arrived Adam Bay 8 April 1865 with pay for men, took Auld to Port Darwin for brief exploration.[25] explored Adelaide River May 1865,[26] September 1865 exploring Victoria River, then to Koepang for provisions;[27] Sourabaya for supplies December 1865; Departed Adam Bay August 1866 arrived Port Adelaide arrived with McKinlay and three or four other passengers 26 September 1866.

• Bengal March 1865 Bengal left Port Adelaide 3 March 1865 with 6 passengers[28] arrived Adam Bay 21 April 1865.
• Ellen Lewis September 1865 336 tons, Stephen Hellon master. John McKinlay and party of 12 left Port Adelaide 25 September 1865, arrived Adam Bay 5 November 1865.
• Ellen Lewis May 1866 Ellen Lewis left Port Adelaide May 1866 for Adam Bay with stock and 11 passengers.

Leaving NT

• Beatrice November 1864 Beatrice left Adam Bay 9 November 1864,[29] arrived Port Adelaide 14 December 1864.
• Yatala November 1864 Yatala left Adam Bay 9 November 1864[29]
• South Australian December 1864 South Australian left Adam Bay c. 10 December 1864 with Ward, King, five others[30]
• Bengal May 1865 Swedish barque Bengal, Peterson master, left Adam Bay 6 May 1865 for Surabaya with 13 passengers; two transshipped to Singapore; the rest by Douglas to Melbourne, thence to Adelaide.
• Forlorn Hope May 1865 seven men left Adam Bay 6 May 1865 on an open sailing boat, dubbed Forlorn Hope, purchased from skipper of Bengal
• Schooner Beatrice left Adam Bay for Adelaide
• Ellen Lewis December 1865 Ellen Lewis left Adam Bay 1 December 1865, arrived Port Adelaide 13 February 1866 with Finniss, Litchfield and 30 others.[31][32][33]
• Beatrice August 1866 Beatrice left Adam Bay 14 August 1866, arrived Port Adelaide via Koepang 26 September; McKinlay and three or four passengers only.
• Eagle January 1867 Steamer Eagle, Captain Hill, left Adam Bay 11 January 1867, transhipped to Rangatira at Sydney; arrived Adelaide February 1867.[34][35]

Cadell expedition 1867

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In January 1867, realising they had no alternative site chosen for the capital, the South Australian Government instructed Captain Francis Cadell to assemble a party to investigate the coast of the Northern Territory, to choose areas suitable for agriculture, and a site for the settlement. Cadell and a few associates left for Sydney, where he engaged the wooden steamer Eagle for six months, with the option of extending for another three or six. There he also hired a crew (preferring not to employ South Australians)[36] which would have included a number of woodcutters to feed the steamer's voracious boilers once the coal had been consumed. He had the ship refitted in Brisbane, and on 20 April the party of 26 men left for Victoria River.[37] Cadell had an interesting nine months' expedition and made several useful findings, including the true nature of Flinders' Probable Islands in Arnhem Bay. He named the strait between Elcho Island and the mainland Cadell Strait after himself and the mainland peninsula Napier Peninsula after his surveyor. He discovered the mouth of the Roper River,[38] and the condition (untouched) of the Escape Cliffs settlement. They visited Koepang for re-provisioning. They also returned to Burketown, Queensland at least once for the same reason.[38] He took only 20 horses, so was unable to investigate far inland, and made no strong recommendation for the site of the capital, though his choice ultimately fell on the Liverpool River, in Arnhem Land.[39]

A. T. Saunders (1854–1940), South Australia's noted amateur historian and critic of Cadell the self-publicist and influence-peddler, had little to say on this page in his history. One contemporary newspaper editor however, held nothing back in his satire on Cadell's pomposity.[40]

Personnel

Name	Job/position	Depart Adelaide	Joined Sydney	Returned Adelaide	Notes
Francis Cadell	Leader	Coorong February 1867		Aldinga February 1868
John M. Creed	Surgeon		information needed		supported charges of Cadell's cruelty.[41]
George Fraser	blacksmith		information needed		accidentally shot himself dead c. September 1867[39]
R. Hodges		Coorong February 1867			on a previous Cadell exploration party[42]
M. Mason		Coorong February 1867
T. Morris		Coorong February 1867			on a previous Cadell exploration party[42]
Francis Napier	surveyor/engineer		information needed		Died 1875 without death notice or obituary, but clearly a favorite of Cadell.[43] Author of Voyage from NSW to the North Coast of Australia, 1867[38]
G. Philcox		Coorong February 1867

No information has been found on Hodges, Mason and Philcox, who have also been listed as Hodge, Massen and J Philcox[44] and nothing on the 20-odd from Sydney and Brisbane.

Legend

Coorong February 1867 Left Port Adelaide 26 February 1867 on Coorong for Sydney, where he chartered steamer Eagle and light draught steamer firefly; picked up a surgeon and exploring party

He returned to Sydney by Eagle 21 January 1868, paid off his workers, disposed of stores, remained in Sydney while the Duke of Edinburgh was in town, then by the Aldinga to Adelaide on 13 February 1868. No mention was made of any associates, but the South Australian public was wearied of the continued waste of money on "frolics" in the Territory, and by Cadell in particular.

Goyder expedition 1869

After four years of hearing nothing but reports of lack of progress in surveying land they had paid for, land-order-holders in England and Australia (mostly speculators with no intention of ever settling in the Territory) began agitating for a refund of their money, with interest, and would not be mollified by explanations of the difficulties involved, and the expense to which the Colonial Government had been put. In March 1868 it was decided to offer a refund with interest to those who wanted out, and to those who were prepared to hang on for an extra year, a sweetener in the increase of the plot size from 160 to 240 acres (later increased to 320).[45] Public tenders were called for the surveying of 420,000 acres, which The Advertiser cynically reckoned would result in no, or exceedingly inflated, bids and would therefore be undertaken by the Surveyor-General's department.[46] The outcome was a little of both: George Goyder (the Surveyor-General) offered to organise and lead the expedition, and survey 420,000 acres (1,700 km²) receiving his usual salary plus a bonus of £3,000 for successful completion within a year at a cost of £25,000, not counting shipping costs. Parliament leapt at the proposal, such was Goyder's reputation for integrity, energy and vision. The fact that the South Australian Government was losing no time and grudging no expenditure on a successful outcome, and putting their best man in charge of the venture, restored much confidence in the investors in Northern Territory property.[47]

Goyder's plan was to appoint six 1st Class Surveyors of his choosing; they would appoint their own 2nd Class Surveyors and Cadets, and where possible the "arms and legs": the chainmen, trenchers, cook and stock handlers, otherwise these appointments would be made by Goyder from men he knew. He agreed with the purchase of horses and cattle from Brisbane, but rejected suggestions that any men should be picked up there; he wanted men he knew and who respected him. They would land at Port Darwin and work their way towards the fertile lands of the Upper Adelaide and Victoria Rivers.[48] He insisted on all provisions being supplied in Adelaide to his specifications (10,000 lbs beef and mutton prepared by the Melbourne Meat Preservation Company (S. S. Ritchie's process), rather than relying on store cattle and sheep.[49] He also ordered 20 tons of dry-ground flour, being less affected by tropical conditions than the moist-ground flour used by bakers).[5] and personally inspected by him.

Goyder gave strict instructions to his men that for their own safety, interactions with the natives should be strictly limited: none to be allowed in the camp; strictly no touching Aboriginal women under any circumstances, the greatest source of animosity; never to go out alone, and not to leave the camp unarmed; to use firearms as a last resort and to aim at a person only when one's own life was in peril. To respect Aboriginal property, and not to engage in any form of retribution. Two men, Hardy and Greene, ignored this last injunction and smashed several of their canoes and pushed two others into the current, for no good reason, and received a dressing-down from the Surveyor-General.

The men worked hard and efficiently and the whole of the surveying job was completed by August 1869.

Personnel

Includes some information on those of Goyder's parties who remained or returned to the NT to participate in Charles Todd's Overland Telegraph (OT) Line construction.

Name	Job/position	Left Port Adelaide	Left Port Darwin	Left Adelaide for OT project	Notes
George Sydney Aldridge[50]	Surveyor, Cadet, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870
James Henry Aldridge [51]	Chainman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		OT cadet under Knuckey & C. Giles
C. Almers	carpenter		Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT under Knuckey and C. Giles
George A. Armstrong	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Job Austin	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT labourer under Harvey & Roberts
William Barlow	Assistant Photographer	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Robert W. Barrow	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
George Bayfield	Axeman	Moonta December 1868			Govt Resident's staff as teamster, OT as teamster. Friend of Deane and engaged to his sister Ny.
Robert Beard	In Charge of Horses	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		had been on Finniss's 1864 expedition
Tom Bee	Surveyor, Cadet, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870	Omeo August 1870	Born 4 July 1850 in Brompton, England, educated at AEI, worked on OT under McMinn & Musgrave, later postmaster several SA towns, died 21 November 1919 in Millicent, South Australia.[52]
David Landel Beetson	Surveyor, Cadet, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870		acted as land selection agent,[53] prospected for gold, had (with S. King and C. Schmidt) first private house in Palmerston, insolvent, died in WA.
Frederick John Bennett[5]	Wellsinker	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
J. W. O. Bennett	Draftsman	Moonta December 1868			Bennett and William Guy speared by Aborigines 24 or 25 May 1869. Bennett died 28 May, the day after Dr Peel removed, under chloroform, broken spear point which had passed into chest cavity.[54] Buried on Fort Hill, Darwin.
Michael Bennett	Teamster	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Edwin S. Berry	Draftsman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Henry John Boord	Police trooper				Govt Resident's staff; became publican, Windmill Hotel, Nailsworth, Commercial Hotel Grenfell Street, died 27 July 1885, aged 41
Henry S. Bosworth	Chainman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Joseph Brans	Boatman/labourer	Gulnare February 1869	Kohinoor February 1870		Appointed to Govt Resident's staff
J. S. Brooking	Surveyor, Cadet, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		Deputy Surveyor-General of W.A., retired 1896, died November 1916.
Joseph Brooks	Photographer and Draftsman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869		perhaps poundkeeper near Balaklava
Philip Henry Burden	Surveyor, Cadet, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869		In 1875 draftsman with Surveyor-General's Dept.
Martin Burke	Trencher	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
James Burton	Coxswain	Gulnare February 1869		Omeo December 1871	Govt. Resident's staff; later with OT under A. J. Mitchell
R. C. Burton	Staff	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870		overseer with OT. An American, he was later with W.A. Government
Thomas Cherry	Chainman	Moonta December 1868			labourer on Govt. Resident's staff
Robert Collard	Axeman	Moonta December 1868			labourer on Govt. Resident's staff, then joined OT party
William Collett	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869	Omeo August 1870	OT laborer under Harvey & Roberts
William Cook	not known	Gulnare February 1869			appointed Port Darwin's Pilot and Harbor Master June 1892
W. H. Cornish[55]	Chainman	Moonta December 1868			later had career with Survey Department
Walter Dalwood	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Moonta March 1869[56]		sent back to Adelaide as invalid,[5] but he was also wanted for bigamy (jailed).[57] died July 1894
Daniel Dominick Daly (signed himself D. Daniel Daly)	Surveyor, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870		nephew of Sir Dominick Daly
George Price Deane	Axeman	Moonta December 1868		Omeo December 1871	stockman on Govt. Resident's staff, later with OT under A. J. Mitchell
James Divine	Officers' cook	Kohinoor December 1869			Joined by wife and three children; appointed to Govt Resident's staff
David Donley (also Donnolly)	Steward,[5] Chief Cook and repairer of instruments	Moonta December 1868			joined Gulnare as cook April 1869[5]
James Hereford Douglas	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870
F. Drought	Police corporal				Govt Resident's staff
Henry Edwards	Chainman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869		Returned to NT with wife and children January 1870 per Kohinoor
T. Edwards	labourer				labourer on Govt. Resident's staff
Joseph Atkinson Ewart	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT laborer under Harvey & Roberts, later resident of Roper River area,[58] killed himself by pistol shot at Wandi, Northern Territory, on 17 May 1901.[59]
William John Hillary Farrant	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT laborer under Woods & Jarvis
William Fisher	Chainman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869	Omeo August 1870	OT wireman under Knuckey & C. Giles
Michael Edward Fitch	boatman		Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT laborer under McMinn & Musgrave
Paul Foelsche	Inspector of Police	Kohinoor December 1869			NT Government appointment
Michael Francis	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869	Omeo August 1870	OT cook under Knuckey & C. Giles
Donald Fraser	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
Charles Fry	Teamster	Moonta December 1868			Appointed to Govt Resident's staff; joined by wife and three children per Kohinoor January 1870. Died in Gothenburg disaster
Adam Gaire	Cook	Moonta December 1868
R. Gallattly	Cook	Kohinoor December 1869			Govt Resident's staff, temporary replacement for Paul Hoppa
William John Gepp[60]	Veterinary surgeon, farrier and blacksmith	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869		Had own business 1893
John Gerald	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869	Omeo August 1870	John Gerrald was OT labourer under Woods & Jarvis
C. Giles, jun.	Surveyor, Cadet, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869[61] Gulnare January 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT leader under Knuckey
G. W. Goyder	Surveyor-General	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Charles Newton Greene	Surveyor, Cadet, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870
William Gunn	Trencher	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
William Guy	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869		speared in buttock by Aborigines at Fred's Pass May 1869 in same attack that killed Bennett. Guy, treated by Dr Peel, recovered.
Dennis Haire (also Heir)	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
William M. Hardy	Draftsman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870
William Harvey	Surveyor, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT Inspector w/ Roberts
H. Hatch	more info needed		Kohinoor February 1870		on Bengal August 1871 for OT
Robert Hayball	Teamster	Moonta December 1868			Appointed to Govt Resident's staff as a labourer. Joined by wife and children January 1870 per Kohinoor
William Brelsford Hayes	Gardener	Moonta December 1868			Govt. Resident's staff. Died 18 June 1878 at Palmerston two months after being acquitted of attempting to shoot at a native.
Richard Hazard	Cook	Moonta December 1868			Hazard, a "coloured"[5] man aged 42, died (of pneumonia?) at Fort Point 9 August, 1869, buried alongside Bennett[62]
Patrick Healey	Trencher	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
Henry Hemming	Staff	Moonta December 1868			worked with Goyder before, later prospector.[63]
Alex. Hicks	Staff	Moonta December 1868
Richard Hinton	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
W. W. Hoare[64]	Doctor's Assistant	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		Watercolour illustrations of Schultze's specimens. Returned to England[65]
William Hodge	labourer	Kohinoor December 1870			Govt Resident's staff
William George Holland	Staff	Moonta December 1868
Wilhelm Ludwig Homeyer	Staff	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		A friend of Richard Schomburgk, he advocated cultivation of wattles[66]
F. W. "Frank" Hood	Staff	Moonta December 1868			Appointed NT Government Accountant, Postmaster, Storekeeper
R. A. Horn	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869		station manager brother of T. S. Horn.
T. S Horn	Trencher	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Matthew Houston	Chainman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
William Houston	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT labourer under Knuckey & C. Giles
W. Howe, sen.	more info needed		Gulnare September 1869[61]
George R. Hughes	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT labourer under Knuckey & C. Giles
Henry H. Irwin	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870
David Johnston (often Johnson)	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT laborer under McMinn & Musgrave
Renney Kappler	Police trooper				Govt Resident's staff
Michael Keeley	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
George Kelley	Cook	''Kohinoor December 1869			Govt Resident's staff?
J. G. Kelly	Ship's carpenter				Govt Resident's staff
Pat. Kelly	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT labourer under Knuckey & C. Giles
Alexander "Alick" Kennedy	Staff	Moonta December 1868	Moonta March 1869[56]		Sacked by Goyder for deserting his post and disobeying orders[54]
George Kersley	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869	Omeo August 1870	OT cook under Woods & Jarvis
Stephen King, jun.	Surveyor, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
R. R. Knuckey	Surveyor, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869	Omeo August 1870	OT inspector w/ C. Giles
Heinrich or Henry Ralfs Krüss[67]	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT labourer under McMinn & Musgrave
Peter Krüss	Teamster	Moonta December 1868			died in NT January 1874 while member of a prospecting party[68]
J. M. Lambell	Accountant and Postmaster	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo December 1871	OT under A. J. Mitchell
Charles Laycock	Cook	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869	Omeo August 1870	OT cook under Knuckey & C. Giles
Arthur Frederick Lines (1845–1914)	Chainman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		A. H. Smith married his sister. daughter of Oscar J. Lines.
Charles Lines	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		not clearly related to A. F. Lines
John Loudon (not London)	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Thomas Loveday	Trencher	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
R. J. Loveday, jun	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Cornelius Lowther	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		boatman/labourer on Govt. Resident's staff
John Lowther	Trencher	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	boatman/labourer on Govt. Resident's staff, OT under Knuckey & C. Giles
Hugh Campbell MacCallum bka H. C. McCallum	cadet Surveyor	more info needed			Acted as secretary to Goyder, who suffered rheumatism. Appointed to Govt. Resident's staff
J. Massey	Police trooper				Govt Resident's staff
Donald McAulay	Wellsinker	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
J. McIntyre	teamster/labourer				Govt Resident's staff
Terence McIntyre	Wellsinker	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870
Alexander L. McKay	Surveyor, Cadet, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870		Died in Gothenburg disaster
Alexander McKenzie	Cook	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT under Beckwith & Wills
George Galbraith McLachlan	Surveyor, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868			Appointed to Govt Resident's staff. Died of lung disease 19 March 1873, at Port Darwin
Gilbert R. McMinn	Surveyor, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869		OT inspector with C. Musgrave
James McPherson	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
A. E. Millar (also Miller)	not known	Gulnare February 1869	Gulnare September 1869
Charles A. Miller (also Millar)	not known	Gulnare February 1869	Kohinoor February 1870
James A. Miller	boatman?	Gulnare February 1869			boatman/labourer on Govt. Resident's staff
J. Stokes Millner	Surgeon, Protector of Aborigines	Kohinoor December 1869			Appointed to Govt Resident's staff, whole family died in Gothenburg disaster
W. Whitfield Mills	Surveyor, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870		on Elder Scientific Exploring Expedition, 1891–1892, prospector in W.A.
Alex James Mitchell	Surveyor, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869	Omeo December 1871	later with OT. Described by Edwin Smith as brilliant but erratic,[5] he had four or five children by Annie Sloper Cornish, then in 1877 eloped bigamously to America.[69]
E. Martin Moyse	Wellsinker	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
Patrick Molloy (often Mulloy)	Teamster	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		OT teamster under Woods & Jarvis
W. Charles Musgrave	Chainman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869	Omeo August 1870	OT sub-inspector under McMinn; died in Gothenburg disaster
Charles Edwin Neal	Stockman	Kohinoor December 1869			Govt Resident's staff appointment?
Thomas Neate	Axeman/Mason	Moonta December 1868		Omeo December 1871	Govt Resident's staff, later with OT under A. J. Mitchell
North Smith	more info needed		Kohinoor February 1870
John G. Nottage	Store Assistant	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
James Oborn	Teamster	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
H. D. Packard	Surveyor, Cadet, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868			Appointed surveyor on Govt Resident's staff. Mrs Packard and children arrived by Kohinoor January 1870.
John Harrison Packard[69]	Chainman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		brother of H. D. Packard, became prominent surveyor
Charles J. Palmer	Teamster	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT teamster under Woods & Jarvis, died on the OT.
Dr. Robert Peel	Surgeon	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
John Penrose	blacksmith	Kohinoor December 1869			Govt Resident's staff appointment
William "Billy" Plaisted	Chainman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		mason/labourer in Govt Resident's staff
Robert Price	Teamster	Moonta December 1868
R. Rice	teamster/labourer				Govt. Resident's staff
George Richards	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Alexander "Paddy" Ringwood[70]	Draftsman	Moonta December 1868			Govt Resident's staff, worked on OT, later meteorologist under C. Todd
Edward Cecil Rix	Doctor's assistant	Kohinoor December 1869			Govt Resident's staff; medical officer to OT
J. F. Roberts	Surveyor, Cadet, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT sub-inspector under Harvey
Jas. Robinson	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT labourer under McMinn & Musgrave
William Rowe, jun.	Staff	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT saddler under Knuckey & C. Giles
William Rowe, sen.	In Charge of Horses	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
Edward J. Ryan	Axeman	Moonta December 1868			labourer on Govt. Resident's staff
Jeremiah "Jerry" Ryan	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870		stockman on Govt. Resident's staff
Michael C. Ryan	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
Walter L. Samson	Staff	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870
T. Sayers (also Sayer)	Blacksmith	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
Alfred Schultze	Assistant Botanist	Moonta December 1868			son of Frederick
Frederick Schultze[71]	Botanist	Moonta December 1868			Stayed on by request of Government Resident.
Andrew Smith	not known	Gulnare February 1869
Arthur Henry Smith	Surveyor, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869		brother-in-law of Goyder; made bathetic suicide attempt in 1868,[72] died 24 September 1909 in Perth, WA.
Edwin Mitchell Smith[73]	Surveyor, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869
H. Q. Smith	Police trooper				Govt Resident's staff
John W. Smith	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT laborer under Harvey & Roberts
Charles Spencely	Cook	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869		Appointed Govt Resident's staff but returned with wife and children per Kohinoor 1870
N.? Wm? Spooner	Goyder's boatman[74]	Gulnare February 1869	Kohinoor February 1870
C. W. L. Sprigg	Surveyor, Cadet, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare January 1870		with public service when he died 1875
William Stanborough	Chainman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT labourer under Woods & Jarvis
Thomas Stevens	Steward,[5] Cook	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
Robert Rowland Stevenson	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
William George Stretton	Police trooper				Govt Resident's staff, career public servant[75]
Joseph Middlemore Thomas	Surveyor, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869		with Lands Titles Office until retirement 1904[76]
Edward "Ned" Tuckwell	Mechanic	Moonta December 1868			Appointed to Govt Resident's staff. Joined by wife and four children per Kohinoor January 1870
(Samuel) Grosvenor Walters	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo December 1871	OT under A. J. Mitchell
Alfred Warren	Trencher	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870	Omeo August 1870	OT head teamster under Knuckey & C. Giles
Benjamin Wells	assistant carpenter				Govt Resident's staff
Charles Frederick Wells	Surveyor, Cadet, 2nd Class	Moonta December 1868		Omeo December 1871	Govt Resident's staff, later with OT under A. J. Mitchell
R. Wells	Carpenter	Moonta December 1868
David Wilson	Teamster	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
Frederick M. Wilson	Axeman	Moonta December 1868	Kohinoor February 1870
A. T. Woods[77]	Surveyor, 1st Class	Moonta December 1868	Gulnare September 1869	Omeo August 1870	OT inspector w/ Jarvis

Legend

Leaving SA

• Moonta December 1868 Ship Moonta, 627 tons,[78] T. Barneson, departed Port Adelaide 23 December 1868,[79] but was held up three days at North Arm before getting underway,[80] arrived Port Darwin 5 February 1869.
• Schooner Sea Ripple 126 tons, T. Bicknell, intended as a link between Darwin and Koepang, and for exploration purposes, should have left Adelaide with building materials in January 1869 but was condemned as unsuited to the region. Gulnare was purchased in her place.[81] Of course Goyder and party had no knowledge of these delays and feared the worst.
• Gulnare February 1869 Schooner Gulnare, 150 tons, Capt. Samuel W. Sweet (also a noted photographer), left Adelaide 12 February 1869 arrived Port Darwin 27 March 1869.
• Gulnare left Adelaide 23 June 1869 for Koepang and Port Darwin, arrived 23 August 1869. No passengers, though with the sudden revival of interest in the Territory, many put their names forward.[82]
• Kohinoor December 1869 Barque Kohinoor, 280 tons, Capt. Bicknell, left Adelaide 16 December 1869 with settlers,[83] arrived Port Darwin 21 January 1870
• Omeo August 1870 Steamer Omeo chartered by Darwent & Dalwood officers S. King, W. McMinn, Burton, E M Bagot had contract for distributing provisions from depot at Mount Margaret, Harvey Bacon had a store 200 miles to north.. 5 gangs (from north) Harvey, A T Woods, Beckwith, McMinn, Knuckey; each 120 miles of line.[84]
• Omeo December 1871 Steamer Omeo chartered by Charles Todd.[85]

Leaving NT

• Moonta March 1869 Moonta left Port Darwin 4 March, arrived Port Wallaroo 23 April with curios and botanical samples, poss. passengers: Dalwood, Kennedy.
• Gulnare left 30 April 1869 for Koepang and Adelaide, arriving 7 June 1869.[86]
• Gulnare September 1869 Gulnare left Port Darwin 28 September 1869 arrived Adelaide 15 November 1869.[61] Donley part of crew, may have left ship at Port Adelaide.
• Gulnare January 1870 Gulnare, Capt. Sweet, left Port Darwin 21 January 1870 arrived Port Adelaide 27 March 1870 with 12 officers and 7 men.[87]
• Kohinoor February 1870 Kohinoor, Thomas Bicknell, left Port Darwin 6 February 1870 arrived Port Adelaide 10 April 1870.[88]

1868 article about Daly's administration

From an article entitled "The Administration of Sir Dominick Daly, K.B." in the Adelaide Register, dated 28 February 1868:

SETTLEMENT

From the close of Stuart's first overland journey in 1859 little doubt seems to have been entertained by his fellow-colonists as to his ultimate success. So enthusiastic was our then Governor, Sir Richard MacDonnell, about the capabilities of the newly-discovered country that he applied to the Colonial Office for its immediate annexation to South Australia. The Duke of Newcastle replied that it was too soon to speak of that until the practicability of the overland route had been demonstrated. During the next few years additional evidence was discovered, not only by Stuart himself, but by Burke and Wills, McKinlay, Landsborough, and other contemporary explorers. The Duke of Newcastle was applied to a second time, not in the interests of South Australia, however, but of Queensland. Ignoring altogether the large share of credit due to South Australian explorers, and the prior claim of the South Australian Government, he offered the whole of the north coast to Queensland, the then pet colony of Downing-street. She had the modesty to confess that one-half of the white elephant would be enough for her, and so a line was drawn at the west side of the Gulf of Carpentaria. South Australia repeated her request for Arnheim's Land, unfortunately with success. The Waterhouse Ministry, before they retired from office in July, 1863, had the satisfaction of hearing from the Duke of Newcastle that their resolutions passed in Executive Council on the undesirability of annexing the whole of Northern Australia to Queensland had carried conviction to his mind. All that portion between the 129th and 138th degrees of east longitude was to be handed over to the "temporary guardianship" of South Australia. So ended the prologue to our Northern Territory melodrama. The first act must needs open with a Ministerial crisis, and in the transformation scene those who had opposed annexation became its executive, while some of its official originators enrolled themselves in the opposition. Among the founders of the Adam Bay settlement were a Chief Secretary (Mr. Ayers), a Treasurer (Captain Hart), and a Commissioner of Crown Lands (Mr. Glyde), who on the shady side of the House had spoken against annexation as a very equivocal benefit. They had deprecated the ambition of the Waterhouse Government in proposing to send stock overland, and within twelve months they shipped from Port Adelaide a full-blown colony, with Government Resident, Secretary, guard of honour and valet-de-chambre for His Excellency, Police and Police Inspectors, Surveyors and Surveyor Generals, labourers and gentlemen farmers — altogether a perfect specimen of a ready-made municipality. But hothouse colonization did not suit the climate of Adelaide River. Disgusted with two years' experience of it, we tried a little exploring again, and Mr. McKinlay spent a pleasant winter on the East Alligator River at the expense of the Northern Territory Fund. To complete the programme of dilettante colonization our only further requirement was a marine survey à la Marco Polo, which Captain Cadell has given us. Now we can turn round and conscientiously say to the land-order-holders — the would-be cotton-planters and paddy-cultivators of Adam Bay — that we have done our best for them in that particular direction. Had the Duke of Newcastle been alive, with what gusto might the land-order-holders have poured their grievances into his sympathetic ear ; what invidious comparisons might they not have drawn between the Queensland style of settlement and our own ! There on one side of the boundary is Escape Cliffs, with its abandoned stores hid away under tarpaulins, and "the old Chief Mira" as special constable keeping guard over them. On the other side is Burke Town, a flourishing depot for the squatting stations on the Plains of Promise. From Queensland stock has been allowed to eat its way gradually down the Flinders, the Cloncurry, and the Albert Rivers. It has not only cost nothing to the Brisbane Government, but has been a large source of profit to the country. From South Australia not a single head of cattle has entered Arnheim's Land, unless by sea, and after eating its head off half a dozen times over on the voyage, seventy thousand pounds spent on a four years' infatuation, and the net result is— two hundred pounds worth of marine stores left on Escape Cliffs as a souvenir of the Finniss regime ! If history could be expunged as easily as Parliamentary votes, the words "Northern Territory" would never more be seen in our annals.[89]

References

1. Territorial evolution of Australia – 6 July 1863
2. "Topics of the Day". The South Australian Advertiser. VII (1994). South Australia. 16 December 1864. p. 2. Retrieved 22 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
3. "The Adam Bay Settlement". Sydney Mail. VI (266). New South Wales, Australia. 5 August 1865. p. 11. Retrieved 7 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
4. "The Northern Territory". South Australian Register. XXVIII (5658). South Australia. 16 December 1864. p. 2. Retrieved 22 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
5. Goyder Kerr, Margaret The Surveyors Rigby, Adelaide 1971 ISBN 978-0-85179-287-3 (Mrs Kerr was a grand-daughter of G. W. Goyder).
6. "The Northern Territory Party". South Australian Register. XXXI (6320). South Australia. 5 February 1867. p. 2. Retrieved 25 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
7. "The Northern Territory Expedition". The South Australian Advertiser. VIII (2185). South Australia. 31 July 1865. p. 3. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
8. "Anecdotal Photographs: Charles Bright". Table Talk (386). Victoria, Australia. 18 November 1892. p. 4. Retrieved 22 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
9. "The Northern Territory Murder Case". South Australian Weekly Chronicle. VIII (393). South Australia. 17 February 1866. p. 7. Retrieved 5 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
10. "Arrival of the Ellen Lewis". The Adelaide Express. III (674). South Australia. 14 February 1866. p. 2. Retrieved 1 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia. "increased his party by five . . . numbering 14" explanation needed
11. "South Australia". The Melbourne Leader. X (264). Victoria, Australia. 19 January 1861. p. 11. Retrieved 23 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
12. "Mr Stuart's Party". South Australian Register. XXV (4455). South Australia. 25 January 1861. p. 2. Retrieved 23 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
13. "The Late C. W. Machell". The Bunyip (1, 075). South Australia. 8 May 1885. p. 2. Retrieved 23 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
14. "Northern Territory". South Australian Register. XXX (6212). South Australia. 29 September 1866. p. 2. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
15. "The Late Mr. Le M. F. Roberts". The Register (Adelaide). LXXV (19, 840). South Australia. 14 June 1910. p. 8. Retrieved 22 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
16. "The Northern Territory". The Adelaide Express. III (641). South Australia. 6 January 1866. p. 3. Retrieved 2 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
17. "North Australia". South Australian Register. XXVIII (5603). South Australia. 13 October 1864. p. 2. Retrieved 22 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia. John c. 1828; Fred c. 1831; James c. 1833
18. "Victoria". The South Australian Advertiser. South Australia. 5 February 1867. p. 3. Retrieved 23 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
19. "McKinlay". Adelaide Observer. LIV (2, 912). South Australia. 24 July 1897. p. 33. Retrieved 1 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
20. "Mr. McKinlay's Exploration". The South Australian Advertiser. South Australia. 29 September 1866. p. 7. Retrieved 28 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
21. "Arrival of the Beatrice". Kapunda Herald And Northern Intelligencer. II (101). South Australia. 28 September 1866. p. 2. Retrieved 28 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
22. "Shipping Intelligence". South Australian Register. XXVIII (5456). South Australia. 25 April 1864. p. 2. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
23. "The Northern Territory". South Australian Register. XXVIII (5657). South Australia. 15 December 1864. p. 3. Retrieved 2 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia. diary also has good accounts of Ward's, Goldsmith's sackings
24. "Departure of the Northern Territory Expedition". South Australian Register. XXVIII (5618). South Australia. 31 October 1864. p. 3. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
25. "Northern Territory Despatches". The South Australian Advertiser. VIII (2202). South Australia. 19 August 1865. p. 3. Retrieved 1 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
26. "The Northern Territory". South Australian Register. XXIX (5976). South Australia. 27 December 1865. p. 4. Retrieved 2 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
27. "News from the Northern Territory". The Adelaide Express. III (627). South Australia. 18 December 1865. p. 3. Retrieved 2 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
28. "Shipping News". The South Australian Advertiser. VII (2060). South Australia. 6 March 1865. p. 2. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
29. "The Northern Territory". South Australian Weekly Chronicle. VII (335). South Australia. 7 January 1865. p. 5. Retrieved 23 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
30. "The Steamer South Australian". The South Australian Advertiser. VII (2007). South Australia. 3 January 1865. p. 2. Retrieved 22 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
31. "Arrival of the Ellen Lewis". South Australian Register. XXX (6017). South Australia. 14 February 1866. p. 2. Retrieved 28 May 2019 – via National Library of Australia.Complaint to Capt. Hellon by 34 passengers
32. "Advertising". South Australian Register. XXX (6017). South Australia. 14 February 1866. p. 1. Retrieved 29 May 2019 – via National Library of Australia. letter to Capt Hellon requesting stop at Koepang
33. "The News from the Northern Territory". South Australian Register. XXX (6026). South Australia. 24 February 1866. p. 3. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia. perhaps a better list
34. "The Northern Territory Expedition". South Australian Register. XXXI (6319). South Australia. 4 February 1867. p. 2. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
35. "Abandonment of the Adam Bay Settlement". The Australasian. II (44). Victoria, Australia. 2 February 1867. p. 22. Retrieved 22 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
36. "Captain Cadell's Mission". The South Australian Advertiser. South Australia. 6 March 1867. p. 2. Retrieved 27 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
37. "Despatches on Northern Territory". Adelaide Observer. XXV (1339). South Australia. 1 June 1867. p. 2. Retrieved 27 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
38. "The Voyage of the "Eagle"". The Daily Telegraph (10896). New South Wales, Australia. 25 April 1914. p. 15. Retrieved 27 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
39. "Despatches from Captain Cadell". The Express and Telegraph. IV (1, 155). South Australia. 2 October 1867. p. 2. Retrieved 26 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
40. "The Ulysses of the Northern Territory". South Australian Register. XXXII (6651). South Australia. 29 February 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 29 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
41. "To the Editor of the Herald". The Sydney Morning Herald (15, 275). New South Wales, Australia. 11 March 1887. p. 9. Retrieved 29 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
42. "The Northern Territory Expedition". South Australian Register. XXXI (6337). South Australia. 25 February 1867. p. 2. Retrieved 27 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
43. "To the Editor". The Sydney Morning Herald. XXXIX (6292). New South Wales, Australia. 6 August 1858. p. 4. Retrieved 4 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
44. "Shipping News". The Express and Telegraph. IV (973). South Australia. 27 February 1867. p. 2. Retrieved 28 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
45. "A Northern Territory Policy at Last". South Australian Register. XXXII (6661). South Australia. 12 March 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 30 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
46. "The Advertiser". The South Australian Advertiser. XI (3109). South Australia. 1 October 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 1 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
47. "The Northern Territory". The South Australian Advertiser. XI (3124). South Australia. 19 October 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 1 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
48. "The Northern Territory Survey". The South Australian Advertiser. XI (3126). South Australia. 21 October 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 4 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia. This article includes a list of all tenders for the work.
49. "The Northern Territory Expedition". South Australian Register. XXXII (6900). South Australia. 17 December 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 5 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
50. "Obituary". The Chronicle (Adelaide). LIV (2, 766). South Australia. 26 August 1911. p. 42. Retrieved 14 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
51. "A Veteran Sportsman". The Advertiser (Adelaide). South Australia. 12 November 1925. p. 14. Retrieved 14 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
52. "Obituary". The South Eastern Times. South Australia. 25 November 1919. p. 2. Retrieved 21 June 2020 – via Trove.
53. "Advertising". The South Australian Advertiser. South Australia. 21 March 1870. p. 1. Retrieved 16 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
54. G.W. Goyder. "Northern Territory Survey Expedition, 1868-70; Diary kept by the Surveyor General Jan 1 to Sep 18 1869" (PDF). Retrieved 24 June 2019.
55. "Death of H. H. Cornish". South Australian Register. LIII (12, 951). South Australia. 17 May 1888. p. 5. Retrieved 16 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
56. "News from the Northern Territory". The Express and Telegraph. VI (1, 626). South Australia. 24 April 1869. p. 1. Retrieved 24 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
57. "Police Courts". South Australian Register. XXXIII (7019). South Australia. 8 May 1869. p. 3. Retrieved 24 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
58. "Northern Territory Times". Northern Territory Times And Gazette. II (89). Northern Territory, Australia. 17 July 1875. p. 1. Retrieved 23 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
59. "The Wandi Tragedy". Northern Territory Times And Gazette. XXII (1438). Northern Territory, Australia. 31 May 1901. p. 3. Retrieved 23 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
60. "Death of Mr W. J. Gepp". The Mail (Adelaide). 3 (150). South Australia. 27 March 1915. p. 3. Retrieved 17 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
61. "Arrival of the Gulnare from the Northern Territory". South Australian Register. XXXIII (7182). South Australia. 15 November 1869. p. 2. Retrieved 24 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia. 34 names listed including "Jerrold", which is yet a mystery
62. "Mr Goyder's Official Despatches". The South Australian Advertiser. South Australia. 16 November 1869. p. 2. Retrieved 24 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
63. "A Prospector's Tragic Death". Adelaide Observer. LIX (3, 166). South Australia. 7 June 1902. p. 34. Retrieved 13 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
64. "William Webster Hoare". DAAO. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
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67. "The Late H. R. Kruss". The Advertiser (Adelaide). XLIII (13, 277). South Australia. 8 May 1901. p. 7. Retrieved 16 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia. Footballer Hermy Kruss was a son.
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69. "Untitled". Glen Innes Examiner And General Advertiser. 5 (157). New South Wales, Australia. 10 October 1877. p. 4. Retrieved 18 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
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76. "Concerning People". The Register (Adelaide). LXXV (19, 865). South Australia. 13 July 1910. p. 6. Retrieved 16 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
77. "The Late Mr A. T. Woods". South Australian Register. LVII (14, 359). South Australia. 19 November 1892. p. 5. Retrieved 19 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
78. "Northern Territory Expedition". South Australian Register. XXXII (6897). South Australia. 14 December 1868. p. 3. Retrieved 13 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
79. "Going On Board". The South Australian Advertiser. XI (3191). South Australia. 6 January 1869. p. 4. Retrieved 7 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
80. "The Northern Territory". The Adelaide Observer. XXVII (1439). South Australia. 1 May 1869. p. 10. Retrieved 24 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
81. "The Northern Territory". South Australian Register. XXXIII (6938). South Australia. 2 February 1869. p. 5. Retrieved 6 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
82. "Summary for England". Evening Journal (Adelaide). I (141). South Australia. 19 June 1869. p. 2. Retrieved 6 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
83. "The Northern Territory Staff". The Evening Journal (Adelaide). I (294). South Australia. 18 December 1869. p. 3. Retrieved 13 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia. It is not clear which of these appointments travelled by Kohinoor.
84. "The Overland Telegraph". South Australian Register. XXXV (7434). South Australia. 10 September 1870. p. 5 (Supplement to the South Australian Register.). Retrieved 14 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
85. "The Overland Telegraph Expedition". The Evening Journal (Adelaide). III (903). South Australia. 19 December 1871. p. 2. Retrieved 15 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
86. "The Northern Territory". South Australian Register. XXXIII (7044). South Australia. 7 June 1869. p. 3. Retrieved 6 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
87. "Shipping Intelligence". South Australian Register. XXXIV (7281). South Australia. 14 March 1870. p. 4. Retrieved 28 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
88. "Shipping Intelligence". South Australian Register. XXXIV (7305). South Australia. 11 April 1870. p. 4. Retrieved 17 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
89. "The Administration of Sir Dominick Daly, K.B." South Australian Register. XXXII (6650). South Australia. 28 February 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 29 June 2019 – via National Library of Australia.

Further reading

• Cross, Jack (2011) Great Central State: The Foundation of the Northern Territory Wakefield Press.

Substantial sections of this work are free to view on-line.

• Officers of the Northern Territory Surveying Expedition — SLSA Photographs