Tamil National Alliance

The Tamil National Alliance (Tamil: தமிழ்த் தேசியக் கூட்டமைப்பு ISO 15919: tamiḻt tēciyakkūṭṭamaippu; TNA) is a political alliance in Sri Lanka that represents the country's Sri Lankan Tamil minority. It was formed in October 2001 by a group of moderate Tamil nationalist parties and former militant groups. The alliance originally supported self-determination in an autonomous state (Tamil Eelam) for the island's Tamils. It supported negotiations with the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) to resolve the civil war in Sri Lanka. The TNA was considered a political proxy of the LTTE which selected some of its candidates even though its leadership maintains it never supported the LTTE and merely negotiated with the LTTE just as the Government did. [1][2][3][4][5]

Tamil National Alliance

தமிழ் தேசிய கூட்டமைப்பு
දෙමළ ජාතික සන්ධානය
PresidentR. Sampanthan
Secretary-GeneralMavai Senathirajah
Deputy PresidentA. Vinayagamoorthy
Deputy Secretary
Founded20 October 2001 (2001-10-20)
Headquarters6, 1st Lane,
Point Pedro Road,
Jaffna, Sri Lanka
IdeologyTamil nationalism
Federalism
Political positionCentre-left
Parliament
10 / 225
Provincial Councils
41 / 455
Local Government
417 / 8,327

Since the end of the civil war and the defeat of the LTTE the TNA has dropped the demand for an independent state, saying that it is ready to accept regional self-rule. The TNA and its supporters have been subject to numerous attacks during its existence and three of its sitting Members of Parliament have been assassinated, allegedly by government backed rival groups.[6][7]

The TNA currently consists of four parties: Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front, Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi, People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam and Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization.[8]

The TNA currently has 16 members in the national parliament. It controls the provincial government in the Northern Province and is part of the provincial government in the Eastern Province. It also controls 33 local authorities in the north and east. The leader of the alliance R. Sampanthan was the leader of the opposition from September 2015 to December 2018.[9][10]

History
Part of a series on
Sri Lankan Tamils
Ancient era
Middle Ages
Colonial
Post independence
Civil war
  • Tamils portal
  • Sri Lanka portal

The TNA was formed in October 2001 to contest the 2001 parliamentary election on a common platform.[11] On 20 October 2001 a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC), Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF), Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO) and Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF).[12] At the 2001 parliamentary election the TNA, contesting under the name and symbol of the TULF, received 348,164 votes (3.89%) and won 15 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.[13]

Soon after its formation the TNA began to make a more pro-LTTE stance, supporting their "freedom struggle" and recognising them as the sole representative of the Sri Lankan Tamils.[14] This caused a split within the TULF. Some members of the TULF, led by its president V. Anandasangaree, were opposed to the LTTE. Anandasangaree refused to allow the TNA to use the TULF name during the 2004 parliamentary election.[15] This caused the members of TULF who wished to remain with the TNA to resurrect the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (ITAK) political party.[16] At the 2004 parliamentary election the TNA, contesting under the name and symbol of the ITAK, received 633,654 votes (6.84%) and won 22 out of 225 seats in parliament.[17]

The TNA boycotted the 2008 local authority election in Batticaloa District and the 2008 Eastern Provincial Council election due to threats posed by the government backed Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal (TMVP) paramilitary group and opposition to the de-merger of the North Eastern Province.[18][19][20][21]

The civil war ended in May 2009 after the LTTE were defeated by the Sri Lankan military.[22] A United Nations report found that as many as 40,000 civilians may have been killed in the final months of the civil war, mostly as a result of indiscriminate shelling by the Sri Lankan military.[23][24][25] There are widespread allegations that both sides committed atrocities and human rights violations including war crimes.[26][27][28] The TNA has consistently campaigned for an independent international investigation into the alleged war crimes.[29][30][31]

At the 2010 presidential election the TNA supported common opposition candidate Sarath Fonseka who, as Commander of the Sri Lanka Army, had played a key role in the LTTE's defeat.[32] In March 2010 the TNA dropped its demand for a separate Tamil state, advocating instead a federal solution with significant devolution and merger of the Northern and Eastern provinces.[33][34] In March 2010 ACTC and its leader Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam, along with fellow TNA MPs S. Kajendran and Pathmini Sithamparanathan, left the TNA and formed the Tamil National People's Front (TNPF).[35][36] At the 2010 parliamentary election the TNA received 233,190 votes (2.90%) and won 14 out of 225 seats in parliament.[37]

At the 2013 provincial council election, the first elections for provincial councils in the Northern Province, the TNA secured nearly 80% of the votes, winning 30 of the 38 seats on the Northern Provincial Council.[38][39][40] The TNA's C. V. Vigneswaran was sworn in as the first democratically elected Chief Minister of the Northern Province on 7 October 2013.[41][42][43]

At the 2015 presidential election the TNA supported common opposition candidate Maithripala Sirisena.[44][45] Newly elected president Sirisena formed a national unity government after the election but the TNA chose not to join the new government, saying that, although the TNA supported Sirisena's policies for political reform, a political solution must first be found to address Tamil grievances before the TNA would consider joining the government.[46][47] The TNA was however represented by its leader Sampanthan on the National Executive Council.[48][49][50]

In March 2015 the TNA joined an all party provincial government in the Eastern Province.[51][52][53] Two TNA provincial councillors were appointed to the province's Board of Ministers.[54][55]

At the 2015 parliamentary election the TNA received 515,963 votes (4.62%) and won 16 out of 225 seats in parliament.[56][57] After the election Sampanthan was recognised as Leader of the Opposition in parliament.[58][59]

Manifesto and policies

Tamil National Alliances manifesto were based on what is known as the Thimpu principles amongst Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists.[60] But the TNA later rejected separatism preferring power devolution to the provinces and stated that they accept that Sri Lanka is a unitary state and the TNA does not intent to form a separate state.[61][62]

The current political manifesto and policies of the TNA are,[63]

  • The Tamils are a distinct People and from time immemorial have inhabited this island together with the Sinhalese People and others
  • The contiguous preponderantly Tamil Speaking Northern and Eastern provinces is the historical habitation of the Tamil Speaking Peoples
  • The Tamil People are entitled to the right to self-determination
  • Power sharing arrangements must be established in a unit of a merged Northern and Eastern Provinces based on a Federal structure, in a manner also acceptable to the Tamil Speaking Muslim people
  • Devolution of power on the basis of shared sovereignty shall necessarily be over land, law and order, socio-economic development including health and education, resources and fiscal powers.

The TNA also stands for,

  • There must be meaningful de-militarization resulting in the return to the pre-war situation as it existed in 1983 before the commencement of hostilities by the removal of armed forces, military apparatuses and High Security/Restricted Zones from the Northern and Eastern Provinces
  • Tamil People who have been displaced in the North and the East due to the conflict must be speedily resettled in their original places; housing provided, their livelihoods restored and their dignity respected
  • An independent International Investigation must be conducted into the allegations of violations of international human rights and humanitarian laws made against both the Government of Sri Lanka and the LTTE during the last stages of the war, the truth ascertained and justice to victims and reparation including compensation must be ensured
  • Persons who are detained without charges must be released promptly and a general amnesty should be granted to all other political prisoners
  • There must be finality reached with regard to thousands of missing persons and compensation must be paid to the next of kin
  • Tamils who fled the country must be permitted to return to their homes and a conducive atmosphere created for their return
  • A comprehensive programme for the development of the North and East including the creation of employment opportunities for the youth will be undertaken with the active support of the Sri Lankan State, the Tamil Diaspora and the International Community

Attacks and assassinations
See also: Human rights in Sri Lanka

The TNA and its supporters have been subject to numerous attacks during its existence.

Batticaloa District parliamentary candidate Rajan Sathiyamoorthy was shot dead on 30 March 2004 at his home in Batticaloa.[64][65] The LTTE was blamed for the assassination.[6] Former Ampara District MP A. Chandranehru was shot dead on 7 February 2005 as he was travelling in Batticaloa District.[66][67] The government backed Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal (TMVP) and Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front (ENDLF) paramilitary groups claimed responsibility for the assassination.[6][7]

National List MP Joseph Pararajasingham was shot dead on 25 December 2005 as he attended Midnight Mass in Batticaloa.[68][69] The government backed Eelam People's Democratic Party (EPDP) and TMVP paramilitary groups have been blamed the assassination.[6][70][71] Pararajasingham's nominated replacement Vanniasingham Vigneswaran was shot dead on 7 April 2006 in Trincomalee.[6] The TMVP was blamed for the assassination.[6]

Former Jaffna District MP S. Sivamaharajah was shot dead on 20 August 2006 outside his home in Tellippalai.[72][73] The EPDP was blamed for the assassination.[6] Jaffna District MP Nadarajah Raviraj was shot dead on 10 November 2006 as left his home in Colombo for work.[74][75] The TNA blamed the assassination on paramilitary groups working with the army.[76] The EPDP and Gotabhaya Rajapaksa, brother of President Mahinda Rajapaksa, were also blamed.[6][77][78]

Jaffna District MP K. Sivanesan was killed by claymore mines on 6 March 2008 near Maankulam, Mullaitivu District as he returned home to Mallavi after attending Parliament in Colombo.[79][80] The TNA blamed the assassination on the army's Deep Penetration Unit.[6][81]

On 7 March 2011 Jaffna District MP S. Shritharan was travelling in a van on the A12 highway near Nochchiyagama, Anuradhapura District when three men standing by a white van parked on the roadside pulled out guns and started shooting and throwing hand grenades at Shritharan's van.[82][83] Sritharan's police guard fired back, forcing the attackers to flee in their white van which had no number plates. No one was hurt in the incident. Shritharan has blamed the EPDP, a government backed paramilitary group, for the assassination attempt.[84] A TNA local election campaign meeting in Alaveddy on 16 June 2011 was attacked allegedly by army personnel.[85][86]

A mob, allegedly from the security forces, attacked a TNA meeting at MP S. Shritharan's in Kilinochchi on 30 March 2013, injuring 13.[87][88] During the 2013 provincial council election campaign TNA activist Rasiah Kavithan was clubbed to death by United People's Freedom Alliance supporters on 16 September 2013 in Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaitivu District.[89][90][91] A group of around 70 armed men in military uniform attacked the home of TNA provincial council candidate Ananthi Sasitharan in Chulipuram on 20 September 2013, injuring some of her supporters and an election monitor.[92][93][94]

Electoral history
Election Northern Province Eastern Province National
Votes%Seats Votes%Seats Votes%Seats
2001 Parliamentary[95]144,27451.32%9191,19430.81%5348,1643.89%15
2004 Parliamentary[96]348,15582.03%13285,49939.96%7633,6546.84%22
2006 Local[97]---96,46621.69%69---
2009 Local[98]12,28736.99%13------
2010 Parliamentary[99]106,79241.80%8126,39821.89%5233,1902.90%14
2011 Local[100][101][102]190,62562.87%22664,45313.06%49255,0782.99%275
2012 Provincial[103]---193,82730.59%11---
2013 Provincial[104]353,59578.48%30------
2015 Parliamentary[105]297,46363.96%9218,50029.31%5515,9634.62%16

Election results

2001 Parliamentary General Election

In the first parliamentary election contested by the Tamil National Alliance, the 5 December 2001 election, the TNA led by Rajavarothiam Sampanthan won 3.88% of the popular vote and 15 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.

Votes and seats won by TNA by electoral district

Electoral
District		Votes%SeatsTurnoutTNA MPs
Ampara48,78917.41%182.51%A. Chandranehru (TULF)
Batticaloa86,28448.17%368.20%G. Krishnapillai (ACTC)
Joseph Pararajasingham (TULF)
Thambiraja Thangavadivel (TELO)
Colombo12,6961.20%076.31%
Jaffna102,32454.84%631.14%V. Anandasangaree (TULF)
Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam (ACTC)
Nadarajah Raviraj (TULF)
Mavai Senathirajah (TULF)
M. K. Shivajilingam (TELO)
A. Vinayagamoorthy (ACTC)
Trincomalee56,12134.83%179.88%R. Sampanthan (TULF)
Vanni41,95044.39%346.77%Selvam Adaikalanathan (TELO)
Sivasakthy Ananthan (EPRLF)
Irasa Kuhaneswaran (TELO)
National List1M. Sivasithamparam (TULF), died 5 June 2002
K. Thurairetnasingam (TULF) (replaces M. Sivasithamparam)
Total348,1643.88%1576.03%
Source:"Parliamentary General Election 2001, Final District Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka.

2004 Parliamentary General Election

In the 2 April 2004 parliamentary election in which the United People's Freedom Alliance alliance led by President Kumaratunga came to power, the Tamil National Alliance led by Rajavarothiam Sampanthan won 6.84% of the popular vote and 22 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.

Votes and seats won by TNA by electoral district

Electoral
District		Votes%SeatsTurnoutTNA MPs
Ampara55,53319.13%181.42%K. Pathmanathan, died 21 May 2009
Thomas Thangathurai William, from 12 June 2009 (replaces K. Pathmanathan)
Batticaloa161,01166.71%483.58%Senathirajah Jeyanandamoorthy
Thanmanpillai Kanagasabai
Thangeswary Kathiraman
Kingsley Rasanayagam, resigned April 2004
P. Ariyanethiran, from 18 May 2004 (replaces Kingsley Rasanayagam)
Jaffna257,32090.60%847.38%Selvarajah Kajendren
Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam (ACTC)
Suresh Premachandran (EPRLF)
Nadarajah Raviraj (ITAK), murdered 10 November 2006
Mavai Senathirajah (ITAK)
M. K. Shivajilingam (TELO)
K. Sivanesan, murdered 6 March 2008
Pathmini Sithamparanathan
Nallathamby Srikantha (TELO), from 30 November 2006 (replaces Nadarajah Raviraj)
Solomon Cyril, from 9 April 2008 (replaces Kidnan Sivanesan)
Trincomalee68,95537.72%285.44%R. Sampanthan (ITAK)
K. Thurairetnasingam (ITAK)
Vanni90,83564.71%566.64%Selvam Adaikalanathan (TELO)
Sivasakthy Ananthan (EPRLF)
Sathasivam Kanagaratnam
Sivanathan Kisshor
Vino Noharathalingam (TELO)
National List2M. K. Eelaventhan, expelled from Parliament 14 December 2007 for non-attendance
Joseph Pararajasingham (ITAK), murdered 24 December 2005
Chandra Nehru Chandrakanthan, from 27 September 2006 (replaces Joseph Pararajasingham)
Raseen Mohammed Imam, from 5 February 2008 (replaces M. K. Eelaventhan)
Total633,6546.84%2275.96%
Source:"Parliamentary General Election 2004, Final District Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka.

2010 Parliamentary General Election

In the 8 April 2010 parliamentary election in which the United People's Freedom Alliance alliance led by President Rajapaksa retained power, the Tamil National Alliance led by Rajavarothiam Sampanthan won 2.9% of the popular vote and 14 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.

Votes and seats won by TNA by electoral district

Electoral
District		Votes%SeatsTurnoutTNA MPs
Ampara26,89510.47%164.74%Podiappuhamy Piyasena
Batticaloa66,23536.67%358.56%P. Ariyanethiran (ITAK)
P. Selvarasa (ITAK)
S. Yogeswaran (ITAK)
Jaffna65,11943.85%523.33%Suresh Premachandran (EPRLF)
E. Saravanapavan (ITAK)
Mavai Senathirajah (ITAK)
S. Sritharan (ITAK)
A. Vinayagamoorthy
Trincomalee33,26823.81%162.20%R. Sampanthan (ITAK)
Vanni41,67338.96%343.89%Selvam Adaikalanathan (TELO)
Sivasakthy Ananthan (EPRLF)
Vino Noharathalingam (TELO)
National List1M. A. Sumanthiran (ITAK)
Total233,1902.90%1461.26%
Source:"Parliamentary General Election – 2010". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka.

2015 Parliamentary General Election

The Tamil National Alliance won 16 seats, an increase of two from 2010.

References
  1. Sri Lankan Tamils drop demand for separate independent homeland
  2. BBC Tamil party wins elections in Sri Lanka's ex-war zone
  3. Robert C Oberst; Yogendra K Malik; Charles Kennedy; Ashok Kapur; Mahendra Lawoti, Syedur Rahman & Ahrar Ahmad (9 July 2013). Government and Politics in South Asia. Avalon Publishing. pp. 255–. ISBN 978-0-8133-4880-3. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  4. Randolph Kluver (2007). The Internet and National Elections: A Comparative Study of Web Campaigning. Taylor & Francis. pp. 124–. ISBN 978-0-415-44618-1. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  5. "சிங்கள ஊடகத்திற்கு".
  6. Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (16 March 2008). "Assassinating Tamil Parliamentarians: The unceasing waves". The Nation (Sri Lanka).
  7. Sambandan, V. S. (10 February 2005). "Tamil National Force claims responsibility for Kousalyan's murder". The Hindu.
  8. Ferdinando, Shamindra (9 March 2015). "President to solicit British support for reconciliation". The Island (Sri Lanka).
  9. "TNA's Sampanthan becomes opposition leader in Sri Lankan parliament". The Hindu. 3 September 2015. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  10. "MR appointed as Opposition Leader". Daily Mirror. 18 December 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  11. "Tamil parties campaign in rebel areas". BBC News. 20 November 2001.
  12. "Tamil parties sign MOU". TamilNet. 20 October 2001.
  13. "Parliamentary General Election 2001, All Island Result". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009.
  14. ""Tamil parties' alliance formed to support liberation struggle"-TULF". TamilNet. 28 October 2001.
  15. "Objection against TNA using HOUSE symbol rejected". TamilNet. 28 February 2004. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  16. Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (18 May 2013). "Tamil National Alliance Faces Acute Political Crisis". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka).
  17. "Parliamentary General Election 2004, All Island Result". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 19 December 2012.
  18. "TNA to boycott Batticaloa local polls". TamilNet. 23 January 2008.
  19. "Ex-rebels win key Sri Lankan election". USA Today. Associated Press. 10 March 2008.
  20. "Eastern PC election, another step in Sinhalasisation of East - TNA". TamilNet. 2 April 2008.
  21. "TNA to boycott eastern PC polls". BBC Sinhala. 23 March 2008.
  22. Hull, C. Bryson; Sirilal, Ranga (18 May 2009). "Fighting ends, rebel leader Prabhakaran dead". Die Welt.
  23. Aneez, Shihar; Sirilal, Ranga (7 April 2014). "Sri Lanka won't cooperate U.N. war crime probe: foreign minister". Reuters.
  24. Lynch, Colum (22 April 2011). "U.N.: Sri Lanka's crushing of Tamil Tigers may have killed 40,000 civilians". Washington Post.
  25. "UN: Sri Lanka mass deaths may be 'war crimes'". Al Jazeera. 25 April 2011.
  26. Davidson, Helen (5 February 2014). "Sri Lankan security forces destroyed evidence of war crimes, report claims". The Guardian.
  27. "Q&A: Post-war Sri Lanka". BBC News. 20 September 2013.
  28. Welch, Dylan (26 October 2011). "Fraser supports call for Sri Lanka war crimes inquiry". The Age.
  29. Radhakrishnan, Rahul (26 March 2014). "UN considers probe into Sri Lanka atrocities". Al Jazeera.
  30. Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (15 March 2014). "TNA's Call For An International Probe Into abuses by "Both Sides"". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka).
  31. "Sri Lanka's Tamil party rejects domestic probe into war allegations". Shanghai Daily. Xinhua News Agency. 29 January 2015.
  32. "Tamil group backs former general". Tamil National Alliance. 6 January 2010.
  33. Haviland, Charles (13 March 2010). "Sri Lanka Tamil party drops statehood demand". BBC News.
  34. "Tamils give up on independence". Al jazeera. 13 March 2010.
  35. Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (17 April 2010). "T.N.A. Performs creditably in parliamentary elections". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). Archived from the original on 28 April 2010.
  36. "Tamil National Peoples Front launched in Jaffna". TamilNet. 1 March 2010.
  37. "Parliamentary General Election – 2010 Official Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015.
  38. Srinivasan, Meera (23 September 2013). "TNA gets massive mandate". The Hindu.
  39. Aneez, Shihar (22 September 2013). "Sri Lanka's Tamil party sweeps polls, seeks trust from government". Reuters.
  40. Doherty, Ben (23 September 2013). "Tamil Party wins in election landslide". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  41. "Wigneswaran takes oath as Northern Province CM". The Hindu. Indo-Asian News Service. 9 October 2013.
  42. "Wigneswaran sworn-in as NPC CM". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 7 October 2013.
  43. "Sri Lanka poll: Tamil minister Wigneswaran says 'peace possible'". BBC News. 7 October 2013.
  44. "Tamil party endorses opposition in Lanka elections". Gulf Times. Agence France-Presse. 30 December 2014.
  45. Srinivasan, Meera (30 December 2014). "TNA pledges support to opposition's Maithripala Sirisena". The Hindu.
  46. Kasturi, Charu Sudan (21 January 2015). "Support given, now cautious hope". The Telegraph (Calcutta).
  47. Karunarathne, Waruni (18 January 2015). "Above The Cabinet, For The People". The Sunday Leader.
  48. "National Executive Council holds first meeting to implement President's 100-day plan". Daily FT. 17 January 2015.
  49. Somarathna, Rasika (14 February 2015). "JHU tells TNA: Become partners of National Unity Govt. and fulfill Tamil people's aspirations". Daily News (Sri Lanka). Archived from the original on 16 February 2015.
  50. Ferdinando, Shamindra (5 February 2015). "TULF Leader calls on TNA to follow example set by govt". The Island (Sri Lanka).
  51. Somarathna, Rasika (5 March 2015). "'EPC power sharing similar to experimental unity govt'". Daily News (Sri Lanka). Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
  52. Balachandran, P. K. (17 February 2015). "For The First Time in History, TNA Will Be in Eastern Province' Board of Ministers". The New Indian Express.
  53. Thambiah, Mirudhula (24 February 2015). "SLMC - TNA marriage in the East". Ceylon Today. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015.
  54. Panchalingam, Ariram (3 March 2015). "New Eastern Provincial Council Ministers sworn in". News First.
  55. "Eastern PC Ministers sworn in". Hiru News. 3 March 2015.
  56. "Parliamentary Election - 17-08-2015 - Official Election Results All Island Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015.
  57. "Parliamentary Election - 17-08-2015 - Official Election Results Composition of the Parliament". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015.
  58. "Sampanthan new opposition leader". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 3 September 2015.
  59. "R. Sampanthan appointed Opposition Leader". The Nation (Sri Lanka). 3 September 2015.
  60. "TNA Manifesto". TNA Media.
  61. "TNA Agrees to Renounce Support for Separation From Lanka".
  62. "TNA tells Court it rejects separatism". Archived from the original on 27 September 2015.
  63. "Northern Provincial Council Election Statement".
  64. "Tamil election candidate killed". BBC News. 30 March 2004.
  65. "Pro-Karuna TNA candidate shot". TamilNet. 30 March 2004.
  66. "Killing raises Sri Lanka war fear". BBC News. 8 February 2005.
  67. "Wounded ex-TNA MP dies". TamilNet. 8 February 2005.
  68. "Gunmen kill Sri Lankan politician". BBC News. 25 December 2005.
  69. "Joseph Pararajasingham MP shot dead in Batticaloa church". TamilNet. 24 December 2005.
  70. "Supplement to Special Report No. 23: Before Time Obscures the Moul'dring Heap – I". University Teachers for Human Rights. 13 December 2006.
  71. "SRI LANKA: CASE No. SRI/49 - Joseph Pararajasingham". Inter-Parliamentary Union. 18 October 2006.
  72. "Former Tamil MP killed in Jaffna". BBC News. 21 August 2006.
  73. "Sivamaharajah assassinated". TamilNet. 21 August 2006.
  74. "Sri Lankan MP killed in Colombo". BBC News. 10 November 2006.
  75. "Tamil Parliamentarian Raviraj assassinated in Colombo". TamilNet. 10 November 2006.
  76. "GoSL should take responsibility for Raviraj's assassination - Sampanthan". TamilNet. 10 November 2006.
  77. "Killing people will not solve problems: Devananda". The Nation (Sri Lanka). 19 November 2006.
  78. "Special Report No. 26: Can the East be won through Human Culling?". University Teachers for Human Rights. 3 August 2007.
  79. "Tamil MP is killed in Sri Lanka". BBC News. 6 March 2008.
  80. "Jaffna TNA MP Sivanesan killed in DPU Claymore attack". TamilNet. 6 March 2008.
  81. "Pro-rebel lawmaker among two killed in Lanka blast". The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 6 March 2008.
  82. "TNA MP's car shot at". Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 8 March 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.
  83. "TNA MP Sritharan narrowly escapes assassination in Anuradhapura". TamilNet. 7 March 2011.
  84. Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (12 March 2011). "Assassination Attempt on TNA Parliamentarian Sritharan". Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.
  85. Kamalendran, Chris (19 June 2011). "Military Police to probe attack on TNA meeting". The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka).
  86. "SL Army brutally attacks public meeting of politicians, journalists in Jaffna". TamilNet. 16 June 2011.
  87. "TNA meeting in north Lanka attacked, 13 injured". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 30 March 2013.
  88. "SL military operatives attack ITAK meeting in Ki'linochchi, 20 wounded". TamilNet. 30 March 2013.
  89. "TNA activist killed in Mullaiththeevu". TamilNet. 16 September 2013.
  90. "TNA campaigner killed". Ceylon Today. 17 September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013.
  91. "First polls related death from Mullaitivu". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 17 September 2013. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013.
  92. "SL military attacks Ananthi's residence in Jaffna, 8 wounded". TamilNet. 19 September 2013.
  93. Aneez, Shihar (20 September 2013). "Sri Lankan polls monitor, party workers, attacked in north". Reuters.
  94. "Candidate's home attacked ahead of historic Sri Lanka poll". BBC News. 20 September 2013.
  95. "Parliamentary General Elections - 2001 Final District Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009.
  96. "Parliamentary General Elections - 2004 Final District Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009.
  97. "Results of Local Authorities Elections 2006/2008". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka.
  98. "Local Authorities Elections – 2009". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 31 March 2013.
  99. "Parliamentary General Election – 2010 All Island". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010.
  100. "Local Authorities Elections - 17.03.2011 All Island". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011.
  101. "Local Authorities Elections - 23.07.2011 All Island". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011.
  102. "Local Authorities Elections - 08.10.2011 All Island". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012.
  103. "Provincial Council Elections 2012 Eastern Province". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 20 December 2012.
  104. "Provincial Council Elections 2013 Northern Province". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013.
  105. "Parliamentary Election - 17-08-2015 Official Election Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.