Terebratula

Terebratula; Temporal range: Late Devonian - Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Terebratula maugerii from the Upper Miocene of Cordoba, Spain.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Brachiopoda
Class:	Rhynchonellata
Order:	Terebratulida
Family:	Terebratulidae
Genus:	Terebratula; Müller, 1776
Species
	T. terebratula (Linné, 1758) (type) = Anomia terebratula ;

Terebratula is a modern genus of brachiopods with a fossil record dating back to the Late Devonian. These brachiopods are stationary epifaunal suspension feeders and have a worldwide distribution.

Description

Terebratula species have biconvex egg-shaped shells, anterior margins of the valves have two small folds, concentric growth lines are quite thin or nearly absent. The larger valve has a ventral umbo with the opening through which they extend a short peduncle.[1]

Selected species

Terebratula anatina
Terebratula bieschidensis
Terebratula bisuffarcinata
Terebratula bussoni
Terebratula crassa
Terebratula decipiens
Terebratula djeffarae
Terebratula flemingii
Terebratula gaudryi
Terebratula gortanii
Terebratula grandis
Terebratula haidingeri
Terebratula ichnusae
Terebratula immanis
Terebratula intervallata
Terebratula jauberti
Terebratula lamberti

Terebratula margaritowi
Terebratula matmatensis
Terebratula mazetieri
Terebratula oroseina
Terebratula oxoniensis
Terebratula praelustris
Terebratula raxana
Terebratula retusa
Terebratula salvatoris
Terebratula semifarcinata
Terebratula semisella
Terebratula stantoni
Terebratula sturi
Terebratula sufflata
Terebratula terebratula
Terebratula toucasi
Terebratula woehrmanniana

Reassigned species

As Terebratula has been erected early on in paleontology, many species have since been reassigned to other genera.[2]

T. aculeata = Platidia anomioides[3]
T. acuminata = Pugnax acuminata
T. acuta Quenstedt, 1869 = Musculina biennensis
T. acuta Sowerby, 1816 = Homoeorhynchia acuta
T. acutiplicata = Kutchithyris acutiplicata
T. antinomia = Pygope deltoidea
T. antisiensis = Clarckeia antisiensis
T. archiaci = Meganteris archiaci
T. ascendens = Septalaria ascendens
T. aualites = Loboidothyris aualites
T. australis = Magellania australis
T. bentleyi = Tegulithyris bentleyi
T. bifida = Linguithyris bifida
T. bivallata = Antiptychina bivallata
T. brachyptycta = Isopoma brachyptycta
T. bullata = Rugitela bullata
T. californiana = Laqueus californianus
T. capsula = Gwynia capsula
T. cardita = Megathiris detruncata[3]
T. chilensis = Terebratella dorsata
T. cimex = Cimicinella cimex
T. concentrica = Athyris concentrica
T. cordata = Joania cordata[3]
T. cornuta = Zeilleria cornuta
T. costata = Rhynchora costata
T. cranium = Macandrevia cranium
T. crispa = Howellella crispa
T. cuneata Dalman, 1828 = Rhynchotreta cuneata
T. cuneata Risso, 1826 = Argyrotheca cuneata[3]
T. curvifrons = Pseudoglossothyris leckhamptonensis
T. cymbaeformis = Gilledia cymbaeformis
T. daleidensis = Oligoptycherhynchus daleidensis[4]
T. debuchii = Streptaria debuchii
T. deltoidea = Pygope deltoidea
T. depressa = Rectithyris depressa
T. depressa var. cyrta = Cyrtothyris cyrta
T. dilatata = Antinomia dilatata
T. diphimorpha = Moraviaturia diphimorpha
T. diphya = Pygope diphya[3]
T. diphyoides = Pygites diphyoides
T. duboisi = Zygospiraella duboisi
T. dutempleana = Moutonithyris dutempliana
T. emarginata = Terebratulina retusa[3]
T. eucharis = Eucharitina eucharis
T. eugenii = Epicyrta eugenii
T. euides = Euidothyris extensa
T. extensa = Rhombothyris extensa
T. fabulites = Camarospira eucharis
T. fimbri = Plectothyris fimbri
T. fittoni = Neoliothyrina fittoni[5]
T. flabellum = Flabellothyris flabellum
T. flavescens = Magellania australis
T. flexuosa = Anomactinella flexuosa
T. fornicata = Ladogofornix fornicate
T. geinitziana = Rhynchopora geinitziana
T. gisii = Gisilina gisii
T. globata var. tumida = Stiphrothyris tumida
T. gravida = Goniothyris dorsetensis
T. grayi Davidson, 1848 = Streptis grayi
T. grayi Davidson, 1852 = Coptothyris grayi
T. gregaria = Rhaetina gregaria
T. gregariaeformis = Triadithyris gregariaeformis
T. gualteri = Aetheia gualteri
T. guerangeri = Fimbiothyris guerangeri
T. hagar = Propygope hagar
T. harlani = Oleneothyris harlani
T. hebe = Hebethoechia hebe
T. hemisphaeroidica = Amphitornella hemisphaeroidica
T. henrici = Glossinulus henrici
T. herculea = Meristina herculean
T. heyseana = Orthotoma spinati
T. Iineata = Martinothyris Iineata
T. imbricata = Plectatrypa imbricata
T. inconspicua = Waltonia valenciennesi
T. indistincta = Dioristella indistincta
T. intermedia = Cererithyris intermedia
T. kielcensis = Dzieduszyckia kielcensis
T. laeviuscula = Glassina laeviuscula
T. lata = Cyclothyris latissima
T. latilinguis = Gruenewaldtia latilinguis
T. latissima = Cyclothyris latissima
T. latona = Latonotoechia latona
T. lenticularis = Neothyris lenticularis

T. lepida = Bifida lepida
T. lima = Kingena lima
T. lineata = Eospirifer radiatus
T. marginalis = Spirigerina marginalis
T. mayeri = Heimia mayeri
T. michalkowii = Rouillieria michalkowii
T. microrhyncha = Pseudocarnarophoria microrhyncha
T. monas = Monadotoechia monas
T. monstruosa = Pantellaria monstruosa
T. morierei = Cheniothyris morierei
T. moutoniana = Platythyris comptonensis
T. mucronata = Triathyris mucronata
T. multicarinata = Peregrinella peregrina
T. multiformis = Lamellaerhynchia rostriformis
T. navicula = Dayia navicula
T. nerviensis = Rectithyris depressa
T. nigricans = Notosaria nigricans
T. obesa Davidson, 1852 = Neoliothyrina obesa
T. obesa Sowerby, 1823 = Concinnithyris obesa
T. orbignyana = Nucinulus orbignyana[6]
T. orbis = Zittelina orbis
T. ornithocephala = Ornithella ornithocephala
T. ovoides = Rensselaeria elongata
T. oxoptychia = Mosquella oxoptychia
T. pachyderma = Camerophorina pachyderma
T. pectita = Derita pectita
T. peregrina = Peregrinella peregrina
T. philomela = Cryptatrypa Philomela
T. phoenix = Phoenicitoechia phoenix
T. pisolithica = Stroudithyris pisolithica
T. plicata = Choristothyris plicata
T. plicatella = Sphenorhynchia plicatella
T. plicatilis = Cretirhynchia plicatilis
T. polyplecta = Plectoidothyris polyplecta
T. praegnans = Praegnantenia praegnans
T. praelonga = Praelongithyris praelonga
T. prisca flabellata = Minatrypa flabellate
T. quadrata = Terebratulina retusa[3]
T. quinquecostata = Pentactinella quinquecostata
T. ramsaueri = Camerothyris ramsaueri
T. rectirostra = Cryptonella rectirostra
T. renierii var. sinuosa = Hesperithyris sinuosa
T. resupinata = Aulacothyris resupinata
T. rhaetica = Zugmayeria rhaetica
T. romingeri = Cranaena romingeri
T. rostriformis = Lamellaerhynchia rostriformis
T. sakhalinensis = Cnismatocentrum sakhalinensis
T. sanguina = Magasella evansii
T. scalpellum = Scalpellirhynchia scalpellum
T. scalprum = Dicamara plebeia
T. schlotheimi = Stenoscisma schlotheimi
T. schnuri = Schnurella schnuri
T. sella = Sellithyris sella
T. semiglobularis = Meonia semiglobularis
T. septigera = Dallina septigera
T. soldaniana = Argyrotheca cuneata[3]
T. stephani = Ptyctothyris stephani
T. strigiceps = Rhenorensselaeria strigiceps
T. strogonofi = Uralella strogonofi
T. subvesicularis = Notothyris subvesicularis
T. sulcifera = Ornatothyris sulcifera
T. tarda = Lanceomyonia tarda
T. tetraëdra = Tetrarhynchia tetrahedra
T. tetrahedra = Tetrarhynchia tetrahedra
T. tetratoma = Tetratomia tetratoma
T. thetis = Dubaria thetis
T. torenoi = Pradoia torenoi
T. transversa = Terebratalia transversa
T. triplicata squarniplex = Squamirhynchia squarniplex
T. truncata Sowerby, 1826 = Gemmarcula aurea
T. truncata Linné, 1767 = Megerlia truncata[3]
T. uptoni = Charltonithyris uptoni
T. urna antiqua = Megathiris detruncata
T. uva = Liothyrella uva
T. velox = Amissopecten velox
T. venusta = Anoplotheca venusta
T. verneuili = Pleisiothyris verneuili
T. virtrea = Gryphus vitreus[3]
T. wissmanni = Diplospirella wissmanni
T. wrighti = Tubithyris wrighti
T. wyvillei = Abyssothyris wyvillei

Gallery

Terebrantula ampulla fossil from Pliocene founded in Almería
Terebratula longirostris fossil at the Geological Museum, Copenhagen
Terebratula sp. from the Triassic of Bolzano, Italy

References

Taylor, Paul D.; Lewis, David N. (2007). Fossil Invertebrates. Harvard University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0674025745.
Moore, R.C. (1965). Brachiopoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H., Volume 1 and 2. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. pp. H21, H32, H43-46, H100, H206, H208, H210, H820, H831. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.
Emig, Christian C. (2012). "Révision des espèces de brachiopodes décrites par A. Risso [Revision of the brachiopod species described by A. Risso]" (PDF). Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology] (Article 2012/02 (CG2012_A02) 15). doi:10.4267/2042/45933.
Sartenaer, P. (2010). "Re-examination of the Late Emsian rhynchonellid (brachiopod) Terebratula Daleidensis Roemer, 1844 from the Eifel area, and some related species" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 80: 47–84. ISSN 0374-6291.
Asgaard, Ulla (1972). "Observations on Neoliothyrina fittoni - a rare Maastrichtian terebratulid from NW Europe" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 21: 337–345.
Sartenaer, Paul (2005). "Restatement of Terebratula orbignyana De Vernieuil, 1850, on the basis of the original collection" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institute royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 74-supplement: 81–88.

External links

Terebratula in the Paleobiology Database
Short notes on Terebratula
J. Morris On the Subdivision of the Genus Terebratula

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[1] Taylor, Paul D.; Lewis, David N. (2007). Fossil Invertebrates. Harvard University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0674025745.

[Treatise-2] Moore, R.C. (1965). Brachiopoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H., Volume 1 and 2. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. pp. H21, H32, H43-46, H100, H206, H208, H210, H820, H831. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.

[Emig-3] Emig, Christian C. (2012). "Révision des espèces de brachiopodes décrites par A. Risso [Revision of the brachiopod species described by A. Risso]" (PDF). Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology] (Article 2012/02 (CG2012_A02) 15). doi:10.4267/2042/45933.

[4] Sartenaer, P. (2010). "Re-examination of the Late Emsian rhynchonellid (brachiopod) Terebratula Daleidensis Roemer, 1844 from the Eifel area, and some related species" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 80: 47–84. ISSN 0374-6291.

[5] Asgaard, Ulla (1972). "Observations on Neoliothyrina fittoni - a rare Maastrichtian terebratulid from NW Europe" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 21: 337–345.

[6] Sartenaer, Paul (2005). "Restatement of Terebratula orbignyana De Vernieuil, 1850, on the basis of the original collection" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institute royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 74-supplement: 81–88.