Ternopil Oblast

Ternopil Oblast (Ukrainian: Тернопільська область, translit. Ternopilska oblast; also referred to as Ternopilshchyna - Ukrainian: Тернопільщина) and Ternopillya - (Ukrainian: Тернопілля) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its administrative center is Ternopil, through which flows the Seret, a tributary of the Dniester. Population: 1,038,695 (2020 est.)[4]

Ternopil Oblast

Тернопільська область
Ternopilska oblast
Oblast
Ternopilska oblast[1]
Flag
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
Тернопілля (Ternopillya), Тернопільщина (Ternopilshchyna), Галичина (Galychyna)
Country Ukraine
Administrative centerTernopil
Chortkiv[2] (1944)
Government
 • GovernorVolodymyr Trush[3] (Servant of the People)
 • Oblast council64 seats
 • ChairpersonViktor Ovcharuk (Petro Poroshenko Bloc)
Area
 • Total13,823 km2 (5,337 sq mi)
Area rankRanked 22nd
Population
 (2020)
 • Total1,038,695
 • RankRanked 23rd
 • Density75/km2 (190/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
?
Area code+380-35
ISO 3166 codeUA-61
Raions3
Cities (total)14
• Regional cities1
Urban-type settlements17
Villages1019
FIPS 10-4UP22
Websitewww.adm.gov.te.ua

One of the natural wonders of the region are its cave complexes.[5] Although Ternopil Oblast is among the smallest regions in Ukraine, over 100 caves have been discovered there.[5] Scientists believe these are only 20% of all possible caves in the region.[5] The biggest cave is Optymistychna Cave.[5] Measuring 230 km (140 mi) in total length, it is the longest cave in Eurasia and the fifth longest in the world (see list of longest caves).[5] Twenty percent of the land in the region is chernozem soil.[5]

Among its attractions, Ternopil Oblast has 34 castles.[5] By at least one account, the most prominent is the Zbarazh Castle with fortifications that expand over 16 ha (40 acres) and was the epicenter of a 17th-century standoff between troops of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and the army of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[5] Dniester Canyon passes through the oblast; it is considered one of the wonders of Ukraine stretching for 250 km (160 mi).[5]

Geography

The oblast is located in Western Ukraine and has an area of 13,800 km2 (5,300 sq mi). It is situated at the western part of the Podilian Upland, which is known for its rocky terrain. Among noticeable mountains there are the Kremenets Mountains. The oblast is also famous for its caves.

One of the major rivers in the country Dniester forms southern and southwestern borders of Ternopil Oblast with the adjacent Chernivtsi Oblast and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. Its tributaries that flow through the oblast include Zbruch, Seret, and Strypa among just a few of them. The Seret River (not to be confused with Siret nor Seret) is a left tributary of the Dniester flowing through the oblast administrative center, i.e. Ternopil.

Ternopil Oblast is one of two oblasts in West Ukraine that do not have an international border. It is surrounded by five other oblasts of Ukraine: Chernivtsi Oblast – to the south, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast – to the southwest, Lviv Oblast – to the northwest, Rivne Oblast – to the north, and Khmelnytskyi Oblast – to the east.

History
Ternopil region until 1939

Historic administrative affiliation of the area:

The oblast was created during the Second World War when both Nazi Germany and later the Soviet Union invaded Poland. Due to the Polish national policy in the area (Pacification action), many people favored the Soviet invasion of Eastern Galicia at first. However, soon thereafter, the Soviet security agencies started a witchhunt among nationally oriented members of Ukrainian resistance who emigrated to Poland after the Soviet-Ukrainian War as well as other reasons. Many people of local population regardless of their ethnic background were exiled to Siberia. On December 4, 1939, the voivodeship division in the West Ukraine was abolished and replaced with the existing Soviet administrative division oblast. Ternopil Oblast (originally Tarnopol Oblast) was established based mostly on the Tarnopol Voivodeship and southern portions of the Volhynian Voivodeship.

During the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany, Ternopil became an object of fierce fighting between Soviet and German forces because of its importance as a rail transportation hub. During German occupation, the region (except for its Volhynian portion) became part of the District of Galicia and transferred to administration by the General Government. After the war, a destroyed residential section of Ternopil, near the river, was turned into an artificial lake rather than being rebuilt. Additionally, upon annexation to the Soviet Union's Ukrainian SSR, most ethnic Poles in the region were forcibly relocated to Poland, whose national borders had shifted far to the west. The area of the former Polish voivodeship was expanded by adding territory in the north, though the westernmost parts were transferred to the Lviv oblast. After 1945 Soviet authorities also encouraged ethnic Russians to settle in territories newly annexed to the Soviet Union, including the Ternopil oblast, though western Ukraine remained considerably less Russian than eastern Ukraine.

In Ukraine today, there are three provinces (oblasts) that formed the eastern part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. Two of these, Lviv Oblast and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast were entirely contained in the kingdom; the third oblast of Ternopil was mainly in the kingdom apart from four of its most northerly counties (raions). These four counties, Kremenets Raion, Shumsk Raion, Lanivtsi as well as the northern half of Zbarazh Raion, were formerly part of the county of Krzemieniec in the Wolyn voivodeship (province) of the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period. Prior to World War I, they were part of Congress Poland. They never formed part of the Kingdom of Galicia. The remaining raions of Ternopil Oblast, listed below, were all part of the Kingdom of Galicia and mainly coterminous with the Kingdom's counties.

Kingdom of Galicia, administrative, 1914
Raions of
Ternopil Oblast		 Equivalent Counties
of Galicia
Berezhany Raion Western part of
Brzeżany county.
Borshchiv Raion Borszczów
Buchach Raion Buczacz county
Chortkiv Raion Czortków and the southern part
of Kopychyntsi county
Husiatyn Raion Kopychyntsi
Kozova Raion Eastern part of Brzeżany county
except for the city of Brzeżany itself.
Monastyryska Raion Western part of Buczacz county.
Pidhaitsi Raion Western part of Podhajce county.
Pidvolochysk Raion Skalat county and the
eastern part of Zbaraż county
Terebovlia Raion Trembowla county in the east and
Podhajce county in the west.
Ternopil Raion Tarnopol county
Zalishchyky Raion Zalishchyky
Zbarazh Raion The western part of Zbaraż county
and the southern part of Brody county.
Zboriv Raion Zborów county

As Ukraine achieved independence in the 1990s, western Ukraine remained the heartland of Ukrainian political and cultural nationalism, and the political affiliations of Ternopil voters reflected that viewpoint. In the first elections after independence, the People's Movement of Ukraine was the leading party in the oblast. A majority of oblast voters supported the Ukrainian nationalist-oriented Electoral Bloc Yuliya Tymoshenko in the 2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election. Over 88% of voters supported Yulia Tymoshenko of the All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election.

By 2005, the population of the oblast had grown to roughly 225,000, consisting primarily of ethnic Ukrainians with a large Russian or Russian-speaking minority. The city of Ternopil has important institutions of higher education, including two teacher's colleges, an international medical school with instruction in English, and one of three economics institutes in Ukraine.

Pochaiv Monastery

The religion of the majority is Eastern Rite Catholic (Uniate), though there is a notable Orthodox presence and a small Protestant minority. Many churches which were closed or destroyed under Soviet rule have rebuilt since independence. The local Jewish community, which was very large before 1939, disappeared in the Holocaust and was not reestablished after 1945. There are no active synagogues in the oblast and only a few isolated individuals affiliating with the Jewish faith.

Points of interest
Vyshnivets Palace
Dzhuryn Waterfall, one of the highest in Ukraine.

The oblast is known for its castles and fortresses. Due to the underfunding of the state program for the preservation of cultural heritage, many of objects of historical significance are in poor condition. The following historic-cultural sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.

Population

National composition

The population is predominantly Ukrainophone and about 98% consider themselves Ukrainians. Among the biggest minorities are Poles and Russians who combine 1.6% of the total population. Most of the population is bilingual and the Ukrainian language is accepted in daily communications. The estimated population is 1,038,694 (2020 est.)[4]

In historical comparison, before World War II national composition was very different and according to the 1931 Polish Census Ukrainians were a slight majority in the Tarnopol Voivodeship at 54.8%, while there was almost no Russians. On the other hand, the Polish and Jewish population decreased drastically from 36.6% and 8.4% respectively.

Age structure
0-14 years: 15.7% (male 86,309/female 81,940)
15-64 years: 69.0% (male 360,305/female 381,271)
65 years and over: 15.3% (male 53,364/female 110,887) (2013 official)

Median age
total: 38.6 years
male: 35.8 years
female: 41.4 years (2013 official)

Economy and Transportation
Bridge near Terebovlia

The economy is predominantly agriculturally oriented. Among industries, there is a well developed food industry particularly sugar production, alcohol, and dairy (such as butter). There is also number of factories such as "Vatra" (lighting equipment), Ternopil Harvester Plant, "Orion" (radio communication) among a few.

Ternopil Oblast has an adequate network of highways, while the city of Ternopil is located at the intersection of main European corridors along the E50 and E85 highways. There is a small airport in Ternopil (Ternopil Airport) which however mostly is used for charter flights. There is a well developed railroad network which is a part of the Lviv Railways. Water transportation is very limited and mostly along the Dniester River.

Subdivisions
Main article: Administrative divisions of Ternopil Oblast

The Ternopil Oblast is administratively subdivided into 17 raions (districts), as well as 1 city (municipality) which is directly subordinate to the oblast government: Ternopil, the administrative center of the oblast. The average area of a raion is around 808 km2 (312 sq mi), the biggest one is Terebovlia Raion covering 1,130 km2 (440 sq mi) and the smallest one - Pidhaitsi Raion with 496 km2 (192 sq mi). The average population number is around 50.6 thousands which is just below the national average.

Map of Ternopil Oblast
Raions of the Ternopil Oblast
In English In Ukrainian Administrative Center
Berezhany Raion Бережанський район
Berezhanskyi raion		 Berezhany
(City)
Borshchiv Raion Борщівський район
Borshchivskyi raion		 Borshchiv
(City)
Buchach Raion Бучацький район
Buchatskyi raion		 Buchach
(City)
Chortkiv Raion Чортківський район
Chortkivskyi raion		 Chortkiv
(City)
Husiatyn Raion Гусятинський район
Husiatynskyi raion		 Husiatyn
(Urban-type settlement)
Kozova Raion Козівський район
Kozivskyi raion		 Kozova
(Urban-type settlement)
Kremenets Raion Кременецький район
Kremenetskyi raion		 Kremenets
(City)
Lanivtsi Raion Лановецький район
Lanovetskyi raion		 Lanivtsi
(City)
Monastyryska Raion Монастириський район
Monastyryskyi raion		 Monastyryska
(City)
Pidhaitsi Raion Підгаєцький район
Pidhayetskyi raion		 Pidhaitsi
(City)
Pidvolochysk Raion Підволочиський район
Pidvolochyskyi raion		 Pidvolochysk
(Urban-type settlement)
Shumsk Raion Шумський район
Shumskyi raion		 Shumsk
(City)
Terebovlia Raion Теребовлянський район
Terebovlanskyi raion		 Terebovlia
(City)
Ternopil Raion Тернопільський район
Ternopilskyi raion		 Ternopil
(City)
Zalishchyky Raion Заліщицький район
Zalishchytskyi raion		 Zalishchyky
(City)
Zbarazh Raion Збаразький район
Zbarazkyi raion		 Zbarazh
(City)
Zboriv Raion Зборівський район
Zborivskyi raion		 Zboriv
(City)

After July 17, 2020

#NameCenterYearArea
(km2)		PopulationHromadasPopulated place
CityTownVillage
1KremenetsKremenets144,7841
2TernopilTernopil566,92576
3ChortkivChortkiv334,32279

Personalities

In town of Buchach was born a Nobel Prize recipient, writer Shmuel Yosef Agnon.[5] The prize was given for works about fate of Galician Jews.[5] Agnon worked for a Lviv newspaper, but after refusal to serve in the army he moved to Mandatory Palestine.[5] In Ukraine he published over 70 of his early works.[5]

  • Mike Mazurki, American professional athlete[6] and actor 196 cm (6 ft 5 in) in height

See also

Notes
  1. de facto
  2. de iure

References
  1. Syvak, Nina; Ponomarenko, Valerii; Khodzinska, Olha; Lakeichuk, Iryna (2011). Veklych, Lesia (ed.). "Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska. Kyiv: DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia. p. 20. ISBN 978-966-475-839-7. Retrieved 2020-10-06.
  2. Snitovsky, O. Five centuries of Ternopil. The city of Hetman Jan and mason Leontiy. Ukrinform. 28 August 2015
  3. Zelensky appoints Trush as head of Ternopil regional state administration
  4. "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  5. Tell about Ukraine. Ternopil Oblast. 24 Kanal (youtube).
  6. wrestler, football and basketball

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