Terrorism in Norway

Terrorism in Norway includes a list of major terrorist incidents where organized groups and lone wolves have tried carrying out attacks. In recent years, there has been a rise mostly of Islamist and far-right violence and various groups have been suspected of terrorism and terrorism plans.

The Norwegian Police Security Service are closely monitoring Islamist and far-right groups in South Norway.[1]

21st century
Further information: Islam in Norway and Nordic Resistance Movement

In 1998 the Norwegian branch of the Nordic Resistance Movement was founded and chaired by Haakon Forwald. He has been described by the newspaper Verdens Gang as one of the most dangerous people in Northern Europe.[2] He was born in Røyken, Viken, Norway and resides now in Grängesberg, Dalarna, Sweden with his two children.[3]

The right-wing terrorist Philip Manshaus who was behind the Bærum mosque shooting in August 2019, admitted to have been in contact with the Nordic Resistance Movement prior to the attack, but was never accepted as a member.[4]

In November 2020 the Norwegian Police Security Service (PST) made an announcement about the general terrorist threat against Norway as moderate. The background for this was the 2020 Nice stabbing and 2020 Vienna attack. The Norwegian police considered it possible that someone would try to carry out terrorist acts in Norway, motivated by Islamist motives. The development in both France and Austria with the republishing of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy, subsequent terrorist acts and the debate this creates in Norway, may also help to inspire people in this country to commit acts of terrorism. The police was temporarily armed for three weeks, but the arming was prolonged.[5]

List of terrorist incidents in Norway
Date Type Dead Injured Details Perpetrator
1965 Bombings 0 0 Several people were hurt by hand grenades and dynamite in Oslo by an unknown lone wolf extremist.[6] Lone Wolf (suspected)
1973 Attempted terror plot 0 0 A Palestinian terror group was present in Norway during the 1973 oil crisis, ready to strike against an oil refinery outside Tønsberg. Police raised the alarm after revealing the plot, causing the group to withdraw (the group instead attacked an oil installation in Singapore).[7] Palestinian nationalists
1976 Attempted terror plot 0 0 In Stortorvet, two Mexican brothers were arrested and suspected to be left-wing terrorists, planning to create a terror organisation in Europe. They were later arrested in Denmark and Sweden for terrorist offences, including a plan to kidnap Sweden's labour minister Anna-Greta Leijon. Eventually the both were expelled to Mexico and Cuba.[8] Tomas and Jaime Okusono Martinez
1977 Bombing 0 0 A bookstore in Tromsø belonging to the Workers' Communist Party was severely damaged by a powerful bomb containing 10 kg of dynamite.[9][10] Two people narrowly avoided death as they left the room shortly before the explosion.[11] Right-wing extremists (suspected)
1 May 1979 Bombing 0 2 A far-right political activist launched a bomb attack against a May Day workers' gathering in Oslo.[12] Petter Kristian Kyvik
2 July 1982 Bombing 1 11 Oslo Central Station bombing: A bomb attack on the central train station of Oslo, killed one person and injured 11 others. An unnamed 18-year-old man was convicted, claiming he had extorted the Norwegian State Railways.[13] Lone Wolf
1984 Bombing 0 0 The telecommunications bunker in Frogner Park was bombed and completely destroyed with dynamite. Neo-fascists were thought to have perpetrated it. The authorities hid this from the public for a whole year as the telephone exchange contained equipment related to NATO.[14] Right-wing extremists (suspected)
1985 Bombing 0 1 In 1985 the Ahmadiyya Muslim Nor mosque at Frogner in Oslo was blasted with dynamite. A woman at 38 years old received smoke damage. The bomb was detonated by an activist from the National People's Party, which resulted in several other people from the party being arrested by the police. The arrested were also accused of bombing the Frogner Park telephone exchange in 1984 (see above).[15] Right-wing extremists
1988 Attempted bombing 0 0 A time bomb made of 5 kg dynamite was discovered at an asylum centre in Evje.[16] Right-wing extremists (suspected)
1993 Shooting, assassination attempt 0 1 In 1993 Aschehoug chief William Nygaard was shot three times in the back but survived. The attack is believed to be a result of Nygaard publishing and defending Salman Rushdie's controversial novel The Satanic Verses. Harald Stanghelle characterized the assassination as state terrorism.[17] Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (suspected)
1994 Bombing 0 0 Far-right nationalists were suspected of a bomb attack against the Blitz house on 24 August 1994.[18][19] Neo-nazis (suspected)
2003 Bombing 0 0 A power charged dynamite exploded outside the Word of Truth church in Slemmestad. No one was killed or injured in the blast.[20] Serious damage was made to the building and its surroundings.[21] Militants (suspected)
2006 Shooting, assassination attempt 0 0 In July 2006 Arfan Bhatti was charged but not convicted for shots fired against the home of journalist Nina Johnsrud of the newspaper Dagsavisen.[22] Arfan Bhatti
2009 Attempted terror plot 0 0 In 2009 the Norwegian Police Security Service (PST) actioned against 25 Islamists thought to have planned terror in Norway.[23] Islamists
2010 Attempted terror plot 0 0 Islamist Mullah Krekar threatened to kill the prime minister of Norway Erna Solberg during a news conference in June 2010. On July 12, 2011, terrorism charges were filed against him.[24] Mulla Krekar
2010 Attempted terror plot 0 0 2010 Norway terror plot: Three Islamists were arrested and later convicted for terror plans.[25] Al-Qaeda (suspected)
22 July 2011 Shooting, bombing 77 319 2011 Norway attacks: 77 people were killed and at least 319 injured in two sequential attacks by Anders Behring Breivik.[26] Anders Behring Breivik
July 2014 Attempted terror plot 0 0 2014 Norway terror threat: Terror threats done by jihadists from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) caused extraordinary short-term security measures in Norway.[27][28] Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
8 April 2017 Attempted bombing 0 0 On 8 April 2017, in the aftermath of the 2017 Stockholm truck attack, a man was arrested and part of the Grønland district of Oslo closed off by police after a "bomb-like" device was found. The device was later demolished in a controlled explosion.[29] The man, a 17-year-old Russian citizen, was charged on 9 April with illegal possession of an explosive device. The man arrived in Norway as an asylum seeker in 2010, and was known to the Norwegian Police Security Service (PST) for having expressed support for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[30] Islamic State (suspected)
2018 Attempted mail bombing 0 0 A 43-year old man was sentenced to twelve years in jail for attempted mail bombing and three attempted murders, after he in 2018 sent a letter bomb to the police station in Ski. When the package was to be opened, a police officer suspected that something was wrong. The bomb squad quickly arrived at the scene, and they chose to neutralize the object by firing shots at it. No one was injured or killed during the incident.[31] Right-wing extremist (suspected)
10 August 2019 Shooting 1 1 (+1) Bærum mosque shooting: A lone gunman Philip Manshaus opened fire in a mosque in Bærum, Norway, 20 kilometers outside of Oslo. He injured one person and at the time of the shooting there were three other people in the mosque. On 11 June 2020, Manshaus was found guilty of murder and terrorism and sentenced to 21 years in prison along with a provision that he should be imprisoned indefinitely if determined to be a threat to society.[32] Philip Manshaus

See also

References
  1. https://www.counterextremism.com/countries/norway
  2. http://pluss.vg.no/spesial/2017/det-hvite-raseriet/page/nordens-farligste "The White Anger - Northern Europe's most dangerous"
  3. https://filternyheter.no/splittelse-i-nynazist-miljoet-norske-haakon-forwald-hevder-a-vaere-en-av-lederne-utbrytergruppe/
  4. https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/9vnGoq/manshaus-har-hatt-kontakt-med-nynazistisk-organisasjon
  5. https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/QmmBb8/politiet-innfoerer-midlertidig-bevaepning
  6. https://www.dagsavisen.no/kultur/film/gaten-granatmannen-1.789666
  7. Aftenposten: Stoppet terror i 1973 ved å slå alarm
  8. https://www.nrk.no/dokumentar/oslos-hemmelige-historie-1.10864081
  9. VG: «Kamp mellom ekstremister i Tromsø. Eksplosjon i rød bokhandel.» 21 February 1977, s. 8.
  10. VG: «90 kg dynamitt tatt: Hele Tromsø grøsser.» 15 March 1977, s.6.
  11. https://www.nrk.no/troms/da-bomba-smalt-i-tromso-1.13423933
  12. https://www.nrk.no/spionbyen/?cat=spi&context=displaysubmenu&vnu=67
  13. NRK.no: Oslos hemmelige historie
  14. https://www.nrk.no/dokumentar/oslos-hemmelige-historie-1.10864081
  15. https://www.nrk.no/dokumentar/oslos-hemmelige-historie-1.10864081
  16. «Terrorbombe i Evje», Aftenposten, 7 January 1989, s. 2.
  17. https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/oRbdOR/Kripos-har-siktet-flere-personer-for-attentatet-mot-William-Nygaard
  18. Dagbladet 3. November 2004 s. 31.
  19. NTB-melding 21 August 1994.
  20. http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article1339270.ece Sprengte menighetshus
  21. https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/kArnj/fem-tiltalt-etter-sannhetens-ord-bomben
  22. https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kommentar/i/G3aWV/Skuddene-i-Oppegard
  23. "PST aksjonerte mot 25 islamister etter terrorsamtaler i Oslo". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 15 May 2015.
  24. https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/n8Mko/pst-vil-ha-krekar-tiltalt-for-terrortrusler
  25. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/denmark/8029983/Norway-terror-plot-targeted-Danish-paper.html
  26. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/23/norway-attacks
  27. VG Nett: Authorities warned of terror attack against Norway "within few days"
  28. VG Nett: http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/terrorangrepet-i-koebenhavn/oekte-sikkerhetstiltak-i-norge-etter-koebenhavn-terror/a/23396304/
  29. "Norway police destroy suspect device in Oslo". The Local. Agence France-Presse. 9 April 2017.
  30. "PST: Sannsynlig med terrorangrep i Norge de neste to månedene" (in Norwegian). NRK. 9 April 2017.
  31. https://www.oblad.no/bombemannen-domt-til-forvaring-i-12-ar/s/5-68-941501
  32. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53006164
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