Tharwa, Australian Capital Territory

Tharwa (postcode 2620) is a township within the District of Paddys River, Australian Capital Territory, 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Canberra, the capital city of Australia. At the 2016 census, Tharwa had a population of 81.[1]

"Tharwa" redirects here. For other uses, see Tharwa (disambiguation).

Tharwa
Australian Capital Territory
Looking south-east, towards the Murrumbidgee River, on North Street in Tharwa.
Tharwa
Coordinates35°30′49″S 149°04′10″E
Population81 (2016 census)[1]
Established1862
Postcode(s)2620
Location35 km (22 mi) S of Canberra
Territory electorate(s)Brindabella
Federal Division(s)
Localities around Tharwa:
Paddys River (district) Paddys River (district) Tuggeranong (district)
Paddys River (district) Tharwa Tuggeranong (district)
Paddys River (district) Paddys River (district)
Tennent (district)		 Tuggeranong (district)
Construction of Tharwa Bridge 1893. Note the size of river before Tantangara Dam (1962) commenced diverting almost 50% of the river's flow.

The village is located on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River and at the junction of Tidbinbilla and Naas Roads, and Tharwa Drive. The main public buildings are a general store, a preschool and primary school (now closed), Saint Edmund's Anglican Church, a cemetery, a community hall and tennis courts. The annual Tharwa Fair was hosted by the school, and was held in May until 2006. The Tharwa Fair is now organised by Tharwa Preschool.

History

Tharwa is the oldest official settlement in the Australian Capital Territory, proclaimed a settlement in 1862. Tharwa was named after the Aboriginal word for Mount Tennent, a nearby mountain peak which is part of Namadgi National Park. Mount Tennent was named after John Tennant, who was one of the earliest and best-known bushrangers in the region. Tennant lived in a hideout on the mountain behind Tharwa from which he raided local homesteads 1827–1828, before being arrested and transported to Norfolk Island.

Tharwa Bridge, opened on 27 March 1895, crosses the Murrumbidgee River. Tharwa Primary School was opened soon after, in 1899. The Tharwa township narrowly avoided being burnt in the 2003 Canberra bushfires. More recently, the Tharwa community had two further challenges: closures and repairs to Tharwa Bridge due to extensive rot in its supporting timbers discovered in 2005, and the 2006–07 Australian Capital Territory budget announcement of its plans to close the Tharwa preschool and primary school. The primary school was closed in December 2006,[2] but the preschool remains.

Tharwa Bridge was reopened for light traffic (less than 5 tonnes) in August 2008.[3] Tharwa Bridge was reopened for public use on Friday 24 June 2011 following the completion of the restoration works. Restoration works took two years and involved removal of the old bridge deck and barrier railings as well as installation of new cross girders and sway braces to the permanent trusses.[4]

The De Salis Cemetery is a 19th century pastoral station cemetery on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River. It was established by Count Leopold Fabius Dietegen Fane De Salis when his family moved to nearby Cuppacumbalong. The cemetery has a raised circular stone wall to reduce the risk of river flooding, and the site was repaired after 2012.[5] The 19 recorded burials between 1876 and 1903 are marked by four headstones and the De Salis granite obelisk, which is placed inside another stone circular wall.[6]

Geology

Tharwa is in a different geological structural unit than the rest of Canberra, being on the Cotter Horst. The village itself is built on Tharwa Adamellite. This adamellite is coarsely foliated and contains biotite mica. It has been dated at 423 ±6 million years old. This places it in the upper Silurian age.

The outcrop area is extended to the north north west to Freshford, and includes Castle Hill. It goes as far to the west as Sawyer's Gully. To the south it goes close to Angle Crossing, and on the east side is bounded by the Murrumbidgee Fault. The Tharwa Adamellite is part of the Murrumbidgee Batholith.[7]

The latitude and longitude of Tharwa is 35°31'00S 149°04'00E. The geoid is 19.356 meters above the theoretical ellipsoid shape of the earth at Tharwa. The astronomical measurement of the position on the Earth's surface is only very slightly distorted by a non-vertical gravitational field 0.3" to north and 0.6" to the west.

Magnetic declination at Tharwa is 11.817 deg east, total field strength is 43108 nT and magnetic inclination is -66.031 degrees; as at 1 March 2006.

Declination is increasing by 0.004 degrees per year. Inclination is increasing by 0.016 degrees per year (as in the rest of Canberra).

See also: Geology of the Australian Capital Territory

See also

References
  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Tharwa (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  2. "Tharwa struggles to keep its souls". Canberra Times. 15 January 2012. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  3. "Tharwa Bridge to reopen today for light traffic". Canberra Times. 2008. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2009.
  4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. Thistleton, John (13 November 2012). "Repairs begin on De Salis Cemetery". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  6. Directorate, Environment and Planning (20 August 2020). "Tharwa: Lanyon, Onyong and De Salis". www.canberratracks.act.gov.au. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  7. Henderson, G. A. M.; Matveev, G. (1980). Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs (Map). 1:50000.
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