The Enforcer (1976 film)

The Enforcer is a 1976 American action thriller film and the third in the Dirty Harry film series. Directed by James Fargo, it stars Clint Eastwood as Inspector "Dirty" Harry Callahan, Tyne Daly as Inspector Kate Moore, and DeVeren Bookwalter as terrorist leader Bobby Maxwell. It was also the last film in the series to feature John Mitchum as Inspector Frank DiGiorgio.

The Enforcer
Theatrical release poster by Bill Gold
Directed byJames Fargo
Produced byRobert Daley
Screenplay byStirling Silliphant
Dean Riesner
Story byGail Morgan Hickman
S.W. Schurr
Based oncharacters created by Harry Julian Fink
R.M. Fink
Starring
Music byJerry Fielding
CinematographyCharles W. Short
Edited byJoel Cox
Ferris Webster
Production
company
Distributed byWarner Bros. Pictures
Release date
  • December 22, 1976 (1976-12-22)
Running time
96 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$9 million[1]
Box office$46,236,000[2]

Plot

In Marin County, two gas company men are lured by a scantily clad woman (Jones) to a remote spot in Mill Valley and killed by Bobby Maxwell (Bookwalter). Maxwell's gang, the People's Revolutionary Strike Force (PRSF), plans to use the gas men's uniforms and van as part of an ambitious series of crimes that will make them rich.

Inspector Harry Callahan (Eastwood) and his partner Frank DiGiorgio (Mitchum) arrive at a liquor store where robbers have taken hostages. The robbers demand a car with a police radio; Callahan provides one by driving his squad car into the store and then shooting the robbers. Callahan's superior, Captain McKay (Dillman), angrily reprimands him for "excessive use of force", injuring the hostages, and causing $14,379 in damages, and temporarily transfers him out of the SFPD's Homicide unit. While assigned to Personnel, Callahan participates in the interview process for promotions, and learns that under affirmative action rules three of the new inspectors will be female, including Kate Moore (Daly), despite her very limited field experience.

The PRSF uses the van to steal M72 LAW rockets, M16 rifles, a taser, and other weapons from a warehouse. In the course of the robbery, the terrorists kill DiGiorgio when he stumbles upon the scene. Callahan is brought back to Homicide, but is distressed to find out that Moore is his new partner; she claims to understand the risk, noting that, besides DiGiorgio, two other partners of Callahan's have died. After watching an army demonstration of the LAW rocket on a firing range, Callahan and Moore visit the Hall of Justice to sit in on an autopsy on a security guard killed in the robbery. Shortly afterwards, a bomb explodes in the bathroom. The inspectors chase down and capture the bomber, Henry Lee Caldwell, and meet "Big" Ed Mustapha (Popwell), leader of a black militant group to which the bomber formerly belonged.

Although Callahan makes a deal with Mustapha for information, McKay arrests the militants for the PRSF's crimes. Callahan angrily refuses to participate in a televised press conference in which the publicity-seeking mayor would commend Moore and him for solving the case, and McKay suspends him from duty. However, Moore supports Callahan, finally gaining his respect. Meanwhile, the PRSF boldly kidnaps the mayor after a Giants game in an orchestrated ambush. With Mustapha's help, Callahan and Moore locate the gang at Alcatraz Island, where they battle the kidnappers. Moore frees the mayor, but Maxwell kills her as she saves Callahan's life. Callahan avenges Moore by killing Maxwell with a LAW rocket. He is uninterested in the mayor's gratitude, returning to his partner's corpse as McKay and others arrive to agree to Maxwell's demands.

Cast

Production

Script

The first script was written in 1974 by two young San Francisco-area film students, Gail Morgan Hickman and S.W. Schurr, with the title Moving Target. After seeing Dirty Harry and Magnum Force, the two fledgling writers decided to pen a screenplay of their own featuring the character of Inspector Harry Callahan. Inspired by the Patty Hearst kidnapping in 1974, the storyline had Inspector Harry Callahan going up against a violent militant group reminiscent of the Symbionese Liberation Army. In the script, the militants kidnap and ransom the mayor of San Francisco.

After the screenplay was finished, Hickman visited Eastwood's Carmel restaurant, The Hog's Breath Inn, and approached Eastwood's business partner, Paul Lippman, asking if he would give their effort to Eastwood. Lippman was initially hesitant, but finally agreed. Although Eastwood thought the script needed work, he liked the concept, particularly the priest with militant leanings and the portrayal of black militants, which was based on the Black Panther Party.

Warner Bros., meanwhile, eager to capitalize on the success of the two Dirty Harry films, had hired seasoned screenwriter Stirling Silliphant to write a new Harry Callahan story. Silliphant wrote a script called Dirty Harry and More, in which the Callahan character was teamed up with an Asian-American woman partner named More. Eastwood liked the woman-partner angle, but felt the script spent too much time on character and did not have enough action. Eastwood then showed the Hickman/Schurr script to Silliphant, and Silliphant agreed to rewrite it.

Silliphant wrote the script throughout late 1975 and early 1976 and delivered his draft to Eastwood in February 1976. While Eastwood approved, he believed the emphasis was still too much on the character relationships rather than the action, and was concerned the fans might not approve. He then brought in screenwriter Dean Riesner, who had worked on the scripts of Dirty Harry and Coogan's Bluff, to do revisions.

Casting

Recurring characters Lieutenant Bressler (Harry Guardino) and Frank DiGiorgio (Mitchum) reprise their roles for the last time in a Dirty Harry film. Bressler was Callahan's boss in the first film of the series; DiGiorgio appeared in the previous two, but dies in this film. A new character, Captain Jerome McKay (Dillman), was introduced as Callahan's superior officer. Dillman played a similar role, Captain Briggs, in Sudden Impact.

The character of Kate Moore, Harry's female partner, went to Tyne Daly. Daly's casting was initially uncertain, given that she turned down the role three times. She objected to the way her character was treated in parts of the film and showed concern that two members of the police force falling in love on the job was problematic, given that they would be putting their lives in jeopardy by not reaching peak efficiency. Daly was permitted to read the drafts of the script developed by Riesner and had significant leeway in the development of her character, although after seeing the film at the premiere, was horrified by the extent of the violence.[3][4] Regarding Callahan's relationship with Moore, Eastwood stated:[5]

I didn't see Dirty Harry going for a Hollywood-type glamour girl. He's the kind of guy that when he dated somebody it was probably a secretary or receptionist somewhere, somebody he would meet along the way...Tyne Daly was perfect for the part. It starts out like great love should, it starts out...by earning respect and she earns his respect and then you think "Could be, could go another step."

Filming

When production began, the working title of the film was Dirty Harry III, in keeping with other sequels of the time. Eastwood felt that the film needed a title of its own, and in the middle of production came up with The Enforcer.

After his disputes with Ted Post on the set of the previous Dirty Harry installment, Eastwood fully intended to direct The Enforcer himself. Eastwood's replacement of Philip Kaufman on The Outlaw Josey Wales (and the consequent need to handle post-production on that film) left him without enough time to prepare himself to direct The Enforcer. As a result, Eastwood gave the director's chair to James Fargo, his longtime assistant director, who made his debut as a full director on this film. Eastwood had the final say on all the critical decisions, but since the two men were far more familiar with each other's working styles than Eastwood had been with Ted Post, they rarely butted heads during production.

Filming commenced in the San Francisco Bay area in the summer of 1976. Eastwood was initially still dubious about the quantity of his lines and preferred a less talkative approach, something perhaps embedded in him by Sergio Leone.[6] The film ended up considerably shorter than the previous Dirty Harry films, and was cut to 95 minutes for its final running time.[7]

The music score for The Enforcer was written by Jerry Fielding, making The Enforcer the only Dirty Harry film without a score by Lalo Schifrin. The film was originally intended to be the last Dirty Harry film of a trilogy. A poll conducted by Warner Bros. in 1983 led to the development of a fourth film, Sudden Impact, and the resurrection of the film series. Eastwood never intended to make more Dirty Harry films, but private agreements with the studio allowed him to do more "personal" films in exchange for doing the subsequent sequels.

Reception

Critical response

Richard Eder of The New York Times was negative, stating, "Money, the big name of Clint Eastwood, a lot of gore and howling sirens and the urge to rail at various liberal notions are not enough to make even a passable movie out of 'The Enforcer.'"[8] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times was positive and called it "the best of the Dirty Harry movies at striking a balance between the action and the humor. Sometimes in the previous films we felt uneasy laughing in between the bloodshed, but this time the movie's more thoughtfully constructed and paced."[9] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two stars out of four and wrote that "the major disappointment in 'The Enforcer' is its disjointed script with its relative absence of thrills." Another criticism he had was that Harry's opponents were now "cartoon idiots" in contrast with the memorable Scorpio from the first Dirty Harry film.[10] Arthur D. Murphy of Variety indicated that the Dirty Harry "format seems to be falling apart at the seams," concluding, "The next project from this particular mold had better shape up or give up."[11] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called it "Clint Eastwood's third and arguably best 'Dirty Harry' movie," with "a good cast" and "unprecedented humor" that "results from the film's tonic, highly developed sense of the absurd that runs through its fast-paced mayhem."[12] Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote that the film "lacks both the effective gimmicks and the slambang kinetic force of its predecessors. Elements that once generated some melodramatic heat have cooled into inside jokes and aged into venerable wheezes."[13] Janet Maslin stated in Newsweek that "The Enforcer shows very little understanding of the charismatic single-mindedness that made Clint Eastwood's Inspector Harry Callahan such a crowd pleaser in the first place ... each of the two sequels - the first was Magnum Force - has paid less attention to Harry's righteous indignation than to the mayhem he generates. The gore has now become so gratuitous that Harry has begun to look like a trigger-happy fool."[14]

Eastwood was named "Worst Actor of the Year" by the Harvard Lampoon, and the film was criticized for its level of violence.[4][15]

Eastwood's performance in the third installment was overshadowed by positive reviews given to Daly as the strong-minded female cop, with which she would follow up a similar role as Det. Mary Beth Lacey in the television series Cagney and Lacey.[7] Daly received rave reviews, with Marjorie Rosen remarking that Malpaso "had invented a heroine of steel" and Jean Hoelscher of The Hollywood Reporter praising Eastwood for abandoning his ego in casting such a strong female actress in his film.[4] Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively gave the film a score of 68% based on reviews from 34 critics, 23 of which were judged to be positive and 11 negative.[16]

Box office

Upon release in December 1976, The Enforcer was a major commercial success, grossing $8,851,288 in its first week, a record for a Clint Eastwood film at the time.[17]

It grossed a total of $46,236,000 in the United States and Canada, making it the ninth-highest grossing film of 1976. Overall, this figure made it the most profitable of the Dirty Harry series for seven years until the release of Sudden Impact.[18]

References
  1. Box Office Information for The Enforcer. Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine The Wrap. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  2. "The Enforcer, Box Office Information". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
  3. McGilligan 1999, p. 275.
  4. McGilligan 1999, p. 278.
  5. "Starting Over: 1970-1990". You Must Remember This: The Warner Bros. Story (2008)
  6. McGilligan (1999), p.276
  7. McGilligan 1999, p. 277.
  8. Eder, Richard (December 23, 1976). "Crime Film 'Enforcer' Lacking Ideas". The New York Times. 17.
  9. Ebert, Roger (December 21, 1976). "The Enforcer". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  10. Siskel, Gene (December 24, 1976). "Clint Eastwood fans get a Dirty deal in 'The Enforcer'". Chicago Tribune. Section 1, p. 13.
  11. Murphy, Arthur D. (December 22, 1976). "Film Reviews: The Enforcer". Variety. 22.
  12. Thomas, Kevin (December 22, 1976). "'Enforcer'—Humor and Mayhem". Los Angeles Times. Part IV, p. 15.
  13. Arnold, Gary (December 23, 1976). "Dirty—and Dull—Harry No. 3". The Washington Post. C9.
  14. Maslin, Janet (January 10, 1977). "Trigger-Happy". Newsweek. 64.
  15. Hughes, p. 62.
  16. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1006646_enforcer
  17. "'Loose' Pulls $10 Mil In Seven, Reports WB". Daily Variety. December 28, 1978. p. 2.
  18. "Dirty Harry Movies". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2009-02-19.

Bibliography
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