The Spring League

The Spring League is an American football league and scouting event that began play in 2017 and was founded by Brian Woods. Aimed at professional athletes but not paying a salary or expenses, the league's goal is to "serve as an instructional league and showcase for professional football talent."

For a similar but unrelated undertaking in Spring 2000, see Spring Football League.
The Spring League
SportAmerican football
Founded2016
Inaugural season2017
CEOBrian Woods
No. of teams6
CountryUnited States
Most recent
champion(s)		Las Vegas Hughes
ClassificationDevelopmental (Pro showcase)
TV partner(s)Fox Sports 1
Related
competitions		Fall Experimental Football League
Official websitewww.thespringleague.com

The Spring League was the second football property to be established by Brian Woods, following the Fall Experimental Football League (FXFL) from 2014 to 2015. The league consists of four teams and plays an abbreviated four game "season" in April. There is an additional exhibition game called The Spring League Showcase that was first played in July 2017.

Background

The National Football League (NFL) has not had an official developmental league since 2007 with NFL Europe.[1] Several other developmental leagues unaffiliated with the NFL have popped up, the FXFL, Gridiron Developmental Football League and the Rivals Professional Football League.[2] On September 2, 2016, the FXFL, after two abbreviated seasons of operation, announced it had suspended operations in hopes of finding a more effective business model.[3] A developmental league continued to be an internal NFL discussion as of December 2016 with a decision deadline of February 2017.[4]

Business plan

Like the FXFL, The Spring League is built upon the concept of serving as a second opportunity to allow players to advance to more established professional leagues,[5] yet The Spring League has some prominent differences from the FXFL. While The Spring League's core player is around 24 years old, it also took in experienced professionals, which the FXFL discouraged. All four teams are brought to one location, and at first not have distinctive identities or home cities/franchises (this began to change beginning in 2019). Rather, the games are more showcases for the NFL and Canadian Football League (CFL) scouts in the spring and summer months.[5] Also unlike the FXFL, which paid a per-game stipend for its players, The Spring League paid only for room and board. Woods said that the lack of payment is out of financial necessity.[2] To be eligible to participate in the league, a player may not be under contract with a pro league nor be eligible for the current year's draft. Players must also pay a $350 application fee.[6] (By 2019, the application fee had jumped to $2000, as players now also had to cover room and board as part of the fee.) The league also assists in developing NFL referees.[4] Players must also cover their own health insurance.[7] The Spring League earns revenue from a subsidy that the state of Texas provides to hold its events there, as well as from organizations seeking to test equipment and rules changes. In 2019, the XFL served as The Spring League's largest revenue source, paying the league "six figures" to test-run its rulebook.[7]

History

2017 season

CEO Brian Woods founded The Spring League in early 2016.[8] On December 22, 2016, SiriusXM NFL Radio initially reported the league as being owned by the NFL, but retracted that by the end of the day.[9] The NFL informed its teams of the league's existence and its plans to operate from April 5 through April 26, 2017.[4] The Spring League's 2017 season consisted of a four-team, three-week single round-robin tournament in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia at The Greenbrier resort in April,[5] and a two-team "Showcase" game in Napa, California in July. The teams in each tournament were only identified with vague geographic names such as North, South, East, West and California. A game streamed on Facebook received 60,000 views while a practice received 30,000 views.[5]

Coaches with long NFL or College experience included quarterback coach Terry Shea, Steve Fairchild, Donnie Henderson, Dennis Creehan and Art Valero (offensive line).[10][5][11] For the April games, the league had four teams and 105 players.[5] Its players included NFL veterans Fred Jackson, Anthony "Boobie" Dixon,[12] Ben Tate, Greg Hardy, Ricky Stanzi, McLeod Bethel-Thompson[5] and Ahmad Bradshaw.[2] The players ranged from two to 10 years out from college. The league indicated two CFL and 10 NFL teams had their scouts visit the league while another 20 made requests for video footage. Following the April games, roughly two dozen players were invited to NFL rookie mini-camps. The Carolina Panthers picked up six for their rookie mini-camp.[5]

After the first season, NFL scouts seemed to like the league structure but otherwise gave mixed responses. Value was perceived by scouts as they got updated information on forgotten players or saw a player with a conditioned arm, but otherwise the talent level was below what NFL teams expected for an established developmental league. Some scouts expected younger players that had been to a couple NFL training camp but in the wrong system. Woods indicated that the older and big names brought attention to the league, which has a secondary purpose of providing a veteran annual showcase.[5]

Games

DateTeamscoreopponentscoreNotesRef
April 15East6West10[13]
April 16North14South10[14]
April 22South-East-Cancelled[15]
April 23North-West-Cancelled[16]
April 25Orange34Black7Championship Game[17]

The following players signed with NFL or CFL teams following their involvement with The Spring League in 2017:

  • McLeod Bethel-Thompson, a quarterback, signed with the Toronto Argonauts on May 23. During his first year with the team, Bethel-Thompson served as a backup quarterback, and also played as a defensive back and on special teams during the CFL preseason.[18][1] Bethel-Thompson won the 105th Grey Cup with the Argonauts later in the year.[19] Beginning in week 8 of the 2018 season, Bethel-Thompson was named the Argos starting quarterback.
  • Zeek Bigger, a linebacker, signed with the Carolina Panthers on May 30, after participating in OTAs on a tryout basis.[1][20] Bigger was released at the end of the preseason, but spent two weeks on Carolina's practice squad.[21]
  • Manasseh Garner, a tight end, signed with the Washington Redskins on May 15 following their rookie mini-camp.[1][22] Garner was cut following the preseason, but was signed to the practice squad, and was later promoted to the active roster for the final game of the season.[23]
  • Cornerback Tyquwan Glass was signed to the Los Angeles Rams on August 22.[24] Glass was released as part of final cuts.
  • Tight end David Grinnage was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars just prior to the preseason on August 14.[25] Grinnage did not make the team, but was given a spot on Jacksonville's practice squad.[26]
  • Defensive lineman Calvin Heurtelou was signed by the Green Bay Packers on August 21.[1][27] Heurtelou was waived after the preseason.
  • Daje Johnson, wide receiver, signed with the Ottawa Redblacks.[28] After playing the first three weeks of the regular season on the practice roster, Johnson was promoted to be the starting returner for Week 4.[1][29] After playing two games, Johnson was placed on the injured list, and was later released on August 9.[30]
  • Wide receiver Jalen Saunders signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on May 23. After two weeks on the practice roster, Saunders made his CFL debut in Week 3.[1][31] Saunders finished the 2017 CFL season with over 1,000 yards receiving.
  • Quarterback Ricky Stanzi signed with the Calgary Stampeders on May 16 as a backup quarterback.[5][32]
  • Tani Tupou, a fullback/defensive tackle, signed with the Atlanta Falcons on May 14 following their mini-camp. Tupou was the first Spring League player to be signed by a professional team.[1][33] Tupou was released after the preseason, but was signed to Atlanta's practice squad.[34] He spent time on the active roster as well this year.
  • Wide receiver Griff Whalen was signed by the Baltimore Ravens on July 21, following his participation in the Summer Showcase game.[35] Whalen was released following the preseason, but later spent two games with the Ravens before being cut again. Whalen then signed with the Oakland Raiders during the offseason.[36]
  • Running back Josh Robinson received a workout with the Detroit Lions in August 2017,[37] but went unsigned until he agreed to terms with the Montreal Alouettes of the CFL in January 2018.[38]

Spring League Showcase

On July 15, 2017, the Spring League Showcase was held at Napa Memorial Stadium in California between Spring League California, coached by Terry Shea and Spring League East, coached by Donnie Henderson.[39] Flofootball.com's FloPRO subscription service streamed the game.[40] David Ash started the game for the California roster and lead several scoring drives. He had 96 passing yards and 9-of-13 passing, including a 4-yard touchdown pass to Anthony Dixon with an interception and 3 runs for a total of 10 yards with his longest for 9 yards. For the East, two quarterbacks, Casey Pachall and Trenton Norvell, made touchdown passes. Pachall completed 4-of-6 passes for 84 yards and a 67-yard touchdown. The game's top rusher was Paul Harris of the East team, who rushed twice for 74 yards and a 6-yard touchdown. East defeated California 23–19.[41][42]

Notable players for each team:[8][43]

2018 season

The league had try-outs in various cities in October and November 2017 and February 2018.[45] On December 7, 2017, The Spring League announced it would play its second season in Austin, Texas beginning in late March 2018. The league was also to have a football-specific tech forum and a joint internship program with the University of Texas’ Center for Sports Leadership & Innovation.[28] Turner Sports announced in mid-January 2018, while the league games would be on its new streaming service B/R Live, the league was also finalizing a deal to practice and play games at Circuit of the Americas near Austin, Texas.[46] On February 14, the league announced the signing of Heisman Trophy winner and former Cleveland Browns first round pick Johnny Manziel to the league playing on the South team. Games to be played on April 7 and 14.[47] Other former NFL commitments to the league were former Cleveland Browns first round pick Kellen Winslow Jr. and former Baltimore Ravens running back Lorenzo Taliaferro.[48] On March 3, the league did not execute on the contract to play the 2018 season at the Circuit of the Americas and instead announced events to take place at Kelly Reeves Athletic Complex in Round Rock, Texas.[49] Following the April games, the another Summer Showcase was announced for June 2018.[50]

Games[51]

DateTeamscoreopponentscoreRef
April 7 North13West30
South7East11
April 12 South17West34[52][53]
North27East10
Spring League 2018
Team W L PCT PF PA
West201.0006430
North11.5004040
East11.5002134
South02.0002445

The following players signed with NFL, CFL or AAF teams following their involvement with The Spring League in 2018:

  • Roman Braglio, a defensive lineman, signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on May 6.[54]
  • Defensive lineman Harold Brantley signed with the Ottawa Redblacks on May 18.[55] Brantley was released following the preseason, and has yet to accept a practice roster spot with Ottawa.[56]
  • Running back Brandon Burks signed with the Toronto Argonauts on April 16.[57] Burks was the first professional Spring League signing of 2018.[58]
  • Tight end Paul Butler received an invite to the Oakland Raiders rookie minicamp, and was promptly signed by the team on May 7.[59][60]
  • David Cobb, a running back, signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders on June 4.[61]
  • Defensive lineman Breion Creer signed with the BC Lions on May 7.[62]
  • Offensive lineman Quinterrius Eatmon was signed by the Carolina Panthers on May 14.[63][64]
  • Defensive back Tyson Graham signed with the Atlanta Falcons on April 17.[65][66]
  • Marcus Henry, a center, was signed by the Seattle Seahawks on May 9, having been invited to participate in rookie minicamp with the team following The Spring League.[67]
  • Offensive lineman Cameron Hunt was signed by the Oakland Raiders on May 17.[68][69]
  • Defensive lineman/linebacker Kani Kema-Kaleiwahea signed with the BC Lions on April 17.[70][71]
  • Johnny Manziel, a quarterback, signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on May 19.[72]
  • Defensive back Raysean Pringle signed with the Detroit Lions on April 18.[73][74]
  • Linebacker/Safety Keith Reineke was signed by the Calgary Stampeders on April 23.[75]
  • Tight End Beau Sandland signed with the Arizona Cardinals on April 17, reuniting him with Steve Wilks, his former coach from his stint with the Carolina Panthers.[76][77]
  • Karter Schult, a defensive end, signed with the Carolina Panthers on May 14, after participating in the Panthers minicamp.[78][79]
  • Taylor Symmank, a punter, was signed by the New York Giants on June 5.[80][81]
  • Running back Lorenzo Taliaferro was signed by the Hamilton Ti-Cats on May 28, but released on June 6.[56]
  • Defensive back Dwayne Thomas was signed by the Hamilton Ti-Cats on May 18, but released on June 11 following the CFL preseason.[82][56]
  • Defensive lineman/linebacker Lynden Trail signed with the Hamilton Ti-Cats on May 5.[83]
  • Zach Mettenberger (West team quarterback) was signed by the Alliance of American Football's Memphis team by July 30, 2018.[84] Mettenberger was one of an estimated 40 players from The Spring League to have signed with the AAF.[85]

Fall Showcase

The Spring League announced a "Fall Showcase" for Miami, Florida to take place November 6–9, 2018, which the league intends to prepare players for the AAF and XFL, which play winter/spring seasons.[86]

2019 season
For 2019, The Spring League tested rules for the XFL. Seen here is the later implemented XFL kickoff formation.

For the 2019 season, The Spring League partnered with the XFL to test rule changes the new league hoped to implement for its own 2020 season. One rule change, originally proposed by Pro Football Talk in 2017, was replacing overtime with a two-point conversion shootout occurring simultaneously at both end zones with five rounds in the TSL.[87] Also tested was the tap rule, which allows a referee to send a player to the sideline for less than a penalty level offense.[88] Both rules and the kickoff formation were later implemented in the XFL.

2019 season practice began March 31, 2019 with double headers on April 6 and 11, 2019. Each of the four teams played two games.[89] For the first time, one of the teams had a brand name; the Austin Generals (formerly South) was named after its host city of Austin, Texas, and used the logo and colors of the former New Jersey Generals of the United States Football League.[89][90] The remaining three teams retained their generic North, East and West brandings.

Games

DateTeamscoreopponentscoreNotesRef
April 8North6West36[91]
April 9Generals13East6Overtime Test Game[92]
April 13North31East24[93]
April 15Generals32West13[94]
Spring League 2019
Team W L PCT PF PA
Austin Generals201.0004519
West11.5004938
North11.5003760
East02.0003044

The Spring League was hired by the XFL to hold three mini-camp style tryouts. With this revenue source, the league's revenue exceeded one million dollars and would have its first profitable year. The two leagues are in preliminary discussions of the Spring League becoming the XFL's official development league.[7]

Summer Showcase

The league held its second Summer Showcase on July 30, 2019 in Mission Viejo, California with 100 pay to play players in a four-day camp and a six quarter scrimmage.[95] XFL executives and coaches and ESPN and Fox staff were on had to view rule tests and in-game technologies with the broadcaster giving feedback on how it would effect broadcast coverage.[7]

2020 Spring season

For 2020, TSL played a showcase game against the Japan national American football team at the Ford Center at The Star March 1,[96] and the main competition March 7 and 11 at Sam Boyd Stadium.[97] The designated home team (formerly West) was dubbed the Las Vegas Hughes, named after Howard Hughes, who spent much of the end of his life as a recluse in Las Vegas.[98] Mettenberger agreed to return as a quarterback.[99] The league was able to get most of its abbreviated 2020 season completed just before social distancing mandates tied to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States took effect, shutting down effectively all in-person sports in the United States.

Games

DateTeamscoreopponentscoreNotesRef
March 7 Las Vegas14North7[100]
North14East7[101]
Las Vegas3East0[102]
March 11 Las Vegas17East6[103]
Las Vegas0North7[104]
North-East-Cancelled
Spring League 2020
Team W L PCT PF PA
Las Vegas Hughes31.7503420
North21.6662821
East03.0001334

Summer Showcase

The league held its annual Summer Showcase on July in Glendale, Colorado with a total of 85 players and another 25 staff members and medical personnel participated. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic all players had to go through 14-day self-quarantine before camp and all meetings were conducted in a video conference.[105]

2020 Fall season

In October 2020 FS1 reached a multi-year agreement to televise The Spring League along with the option to acquire a minority stake in the league, with initial agreement to play a 6-team fall-season in late October and November 2020.[106] The league began its fall season on Oct. 27 with six teams competing in a 12-game format over four weeks in a bubble environment, based out of the San Antonio Alamodome. Fox Sports 1 aired games on Tuesday and Wednesday. The league stated that this time the players did not pay to attend,[107] but Woods later explained that some players did pay, while select others did not.[108]

All six teams will have brands and names, including the returning Generals[109][110] (originally from Austin), Aviators[111][112] (re-branded from Las Vegas Hughes), and four new teams the Blues[113][114] (modified from the FXFL Blacktips), Alphas[115][116] (a wolf motif), Conquerors[117][118] and Jousters.[119][120][121]

Coaches

All of the league teams are coached by coaches with vast experience in college or minor leagues and all, except Chuck Bresnahan, has a head coaching experience, while all apart from Steve Fairchild were involved in the United Football League during its four-year existence:[122]

* Returning coach from previous seasons

Some of the more recognizable assistants were June Jones[123] (Conquerors) who was later replaced by Kevin Gilbride,[124] Mike Singletary and Jeff Reinbold (Generals),[125][126] Drew Tate (Alphas),[127] Robert Ford (Jousters)[108] and Eric Hicks (Aviators).[128]

Players

With the cancellation of the XFL 2021 season and the CFL not playing in 2020, The Spring League featured more recognizable names from years past. Some of the bigger names were NFL veteran and former alumni QB Zach Mettenberger (Generals), The CFL's 2019 passing touchdowns leader McLeod Bethel-Thompson (Aviators), former Ohio State Buckeyes QB J. T. Barrett (Alphas) and 2018 TSL MVP Bryan Scott (Generals). The league also featured players from smaller schools, that didn't get an NFL opportunity after the 2020 draft with the cancellation of the preseason and mini-camps.

Games
WeekDateTeamScoreOpponentScoreSiteNotesTVRefStats
Week 1
[129][130][131]		 October 27 Alphas0Blues[132]19Alamodome[133][134][135]
Aviators28Jousters0Alamodome[136][137][138]
Conquerors19Generals33AlamodomeFS1[139][140][141]
Week 2
[142][143][144]		 November 4 Blues17Aviators23*AlamodomeFS1[145][146][147]
Alphas[148]22Conquerors[149]17AlamodomeFS1[150][151][152]
November 5 Generals18Jousters15Alamodome[153][154][155]
Week 3
[156][157][158][159]		 November 10 Conquerors42Aviators19AlamodomeOriginally scheduled for November 11FS1[160][161][162][163]
November 11 Jousters0Alphas2AlamodomeForfeited
(Originally scheduled for November 10 broadcast on FS1)		[164]
Blues28Generals42AlamodomeFS1[165][166][167]
Week 4
[168]		 November 17 Jousters-Conquerors-Bob Benson '66' StadiumCancelled[108]
Alphas-Blues-Bob Benson '66' StadiumCancelledFS1
Aviators-Generals-Bob Benson '66' StadiumCancelledFS1
Final
[169]		 December 15[170] Generals37Aviators14Camping World StadiumChampionship GameFS1[171][172][173][174]

* Overtime

Spring League Fall 2020
Team W L PCT PF PA
Generals301.0009362
Aviators21.6667059
Alphas21.6662236
Conquerors12.5007874
Blues12.3336465
Jousters03.0001546

Controversy

Before the week 3 games rumors started to arise that the coaches have discussed boycotting after not getting paid for their work, while agents of players have also come forward with allegations in the past that the Spring League failed to cover lodging costs as promised.[175] Woods would later argue that "the payroll system had to verify checking accounts before issuing the direct deposits, which delayed the payments".[108]

After week 3, Bresnahan stepped down as head coach of the Jousters, because of a miscommunication with the league resulting from COVID-19 outbreak in the team. The Jousters had several unspecified players test positive, resulting in a forfeit game against the Alphas,[176] and cancellation of the scheduled broadcast. Offensive assistant Robert Ford was supposed to take over the head-coach duties, but as some of the other coaches had to leave as they were considered at high-risk, the Jousters final game was cancelled,[177] making them the only team whose games were not broadcast.[108]

Before week 4, Cory "Poop" Johnson who played for the Jousters, released a YouTube video accusing Woods (called "the league owner") of mistreating his teammates (no insurance for players, no trainers on staff and no guarantee players who pay to be there get a fair look),[178] disregarding COVID-19 protocols and threatening to prevent them of personal game film,[179] while other players rumored about poor meals, having to pay for treatment, parking and hotel rooms.[180] Furthermore, according to several players accounts, they paid to play in the league but instead just participate in three-day "showcase" and were sent home.[181] Following those reports, the league announced that the remaining scheduled games will be cancelled due to new positive COVID-19 test results and all players were sent home immediately.[182][183] Woods would later waved away most complaints, said the players did not stay at the hotel and are responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak and explained that the sick players had an option to stay at the hotel if they wanted to. He also made it clear he planned to go ahead with the Championship Game on a later date.[184][185]

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  71. "TSL LB Kani Kema-Kaleiwahea signs with BC Lions!". April 17, 2018.
  72. Boren, Cindy (May 19, 2018). "Johnny Manziel is returning to football, with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats". Washington Post. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  73. Reisman, Jeremy (2018-04-18). "Detroit Lions sign cornerback Raysean Pringle". Pride Of Detroit. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
  74. https://www.thespringleague.com/2018/04/18/congrats-db-raysean-pringle-3rd-nfl-signing-spring-leagues-2018-season/
  75. "TSL S Keith Reineke signs with the Calgary Stampeders of the CFL!". April 23, 2018.
  76. "Beau Sandland Latest Tight End Addition". Azcardinals.com. 2018-04-16. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
  77. "TSL TE Beau Sandland signs with the Carolina Panthers!". April 17, 2018.
  78. "Karter Schult attempting to land another NFL opportunity". The Gazette.
  79. http://www.charlotteobserver.com/sports/nfl/carolina-panthers/article211094464.html
  80. "Giants sign punter Taylor Symmank". www.giants.com.
  81. "TSL P Taylor Symmank Signs with New York Giants!". June 3, 2018.
  82. "TSL DB Dwayne Thomas signs with Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the CFL!". May 21, 2018.
  83. "TSL DL/LB Lynden Trail signs with Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the CFL!". May 5, 2018.
  84. Munz, Jason (August 1, 2018). "Alliance of American Football announces Memphis team has signed 28 players". The Memphis Commercial Appeal. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
  85. "Over 40 TSL Alum Sign with the AAF, as Another Exit Opportunity Arises". October 2, 2018.
  86. "The Spring League Expands Showcase Model Amid Record Demand". August 10, 2018.
  87. Florio, Mike (April 7, 2019). "Spring League returns with revolutionary overtime idea". ProFootballTalk. NBC Sports. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  88. Florio, Mike (April 8, 2019). "Spring League tests XFL "tap" rule that sends players to sideline". ProFootballTalk. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  89. Halliburton, Suzanne (April 6, 2019). "Ex-Baylor star Shawn Oakman tries to revive career in Spring League". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  90. "The Spring League Brands Team as Austin Generals in Homage to Host City". The Spring League. March 18, 2019.
  91. "The Spring League 2019: North Vs West Game Highlights".
  92. "The Spring League 2019: East Vs Generals Game Highlights".
  93. "The Spring League 2019: North Vs East Game Highlights".
  94. "The Spring League 2019: West Vs Generals Game Highlights".
  95. "Rosters revealed for the Spring League July Showcase".
  96. "2020Japan vs The Spring League".
  97. Simmons, Myles (February 14, 2020). "Spring League coming to Las Vegas in March". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  98. The Spring League Las Vegas @ Sam Boyd Stadium: Tickets ON SALE NOW! - The Spring League
  99. Froyd, Crissy (February 21, 2020). "Former LSU QB Zach Mettenberger looking forward to getting back to football for The Spring League". LSU Wire. USA Today Sports. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  100. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (March 7, 2020). "Game 1 ends with a final score of: Las Vegas Hughes: 14 TSL North: 7 📸: @EvasiveSLA t.co/WoRzvh2Kvz" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  101. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (March 7, 2020). "Game 2 has gone final! TSL North: 14 TSL East: 7 TSL North finishes the day 1-1. 📸: @EvasiveSLA t.co/vqLk90yJTJ" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  102. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (March 7, 2020). "The Las Vegas Hughes defense pitches a shutout over TSL East to stay undefeated on the day with a 3-0 win" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  103. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (March 11, 2020). "DB @BRANDONBRICE_1 seals the game for Las Vegas capping off the final play with a pick-6. Las Vegas Hughes: 17 TSL East: 6 t.co/koWn8K1vij" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  104. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (March 11, 2020). "The TSL North Defense showed up in their second game against the Las Vegas Hughes! TSL North: 7 Las Vegas Hughes: 0 t.co/YMRvWer4zm" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  105. "Spring League completed four-day showcase last week".
  106. Fox Sports will televise The Spring League football games this fall
  107. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 11, 2020). "@JustinAaronUH91 Players are not paying to attend #TSL2020" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  108. Davis, Josh (November 13, 2020). "The Spring League Week 3: Coaching Changes, COVID, Rumors Addressed". XFL News Hub.
  109. "Generals 2020 Roster". Archived from the original on 2020-11-01.
  110. "The Generals Roster Breakdown".
  111. "Aviators 2020 Roster". Archived from the original on 2020-10-31.
  112. "Aviators Soaring High With Expectations".
  113. "Blues 2020 Roster". Archived from the original on 2020-11-01.
  114. "The Blues Roster Breakdown".
  115. "Alphas 2020 Roster". Archived from the original on 2020-11-01.
  116. "The Spring League 2020: The Alphas Roster Breakdown".
  117. "Conquerors 2020 Roster". Archived from the original on 2020-11-01.
  118. "The Conquerors' Roster Breakdown".
  119. "Jousters 2020 Roster". Archived from the original on 2020-11-01.
  120. "Jousters Depth Chart Projections".
  121. "Finding Diamonds in the Dark: TSL Jousters".
  122. "FS1 Announces The Spring League Television Schedule".
  123. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (October 22, 2020). "The Generals are one of two teams to start their #TSL2020 campaign on national tv with @FS1. In this episode of Kat's Cover-Two we take a closer look at the team's two signal callers: Zach Mettenberger and @BryanScottQb. Hosted by @kebiancardi. t.co/QIbBBi2fmK" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  124. Mitchell, Mike [@ByMikeMitchell] (November 2, 2020). "Some @TheSpringLeague news. Kevin Gilbride Jr. will be taking over the playcalling duties for the Conquerors. Former @XFLRoughnecks Head Coach June Jones helped assist Jerry Glanville's staff for a week before turning things over to Gilbride, who played for Jones at Hawaii" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  125. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (October 20, 2020). "NFL Hall of Famer, Super Bowl Champ, and former 49ers head coach, Mike Singletary (@CoachMSing) is coaching up the LBs and Defense for Bart Andrus' Generals at #TSL2020. t.co/03jUmmXihb" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  126. Reinebold, Jeff [@Jeff_Reinebold] (November 6, 2020). "WOKE UP THIS MORNING 2 - 0 THIS MORNING IN @TheSpringLeague - AWESOME TO BE WORKING WITH THESE YOUNG GUYS WHO LOVE FOOTBALL AND LOVE TO COMPETE - FUN TO WATCH THEM GET BETTER - GAINING INVALUABLE REPS AND EXPERIENCE PLAYING THE GAME! @SkySportsNFL #coffeewithcoach t.co/5ZVx5DgRBD" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  127. https://rodpedersen.com/flame-tech-football-friday-rundown-6/
  128. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (October 23, 2020). "When your coach has 44.5 NFL sacks to his name, you listen. Former Chief and Jet DE, Eric Hicks leads the Aviators Defense at #TSL2020. t.co/Msfs8f9tVN" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  129. "Week 1, Final Scores & Highlights".
  130. "Recap of The Spring League's First Week of Action".
  131. "The Spring League – Week One Recap".
  132. "TSL Blues DC Derrius Bell Praises Players for Week 1 Shutout".
  133. "Blues Win TSL Opener 19-0 Over the Alphas".
  134. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (October 28, 2020). "Alphas statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Game 1 vs Blues QB JT Barrett: 16/26, 104 pass yds, 48 rush yds TE Bug Howard: 3 rec, 22 yds WR TJ Rahming: 2 rec, 21 yds RB Brian Burt : 3 rec, 19 yds t.co/CKZFzny2mz" (Tweet) (in Danish). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  135. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (October 28, 2020). "Blues statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Game 1 vs Alphas QB Shea Patterson: 12/21, 154 yds, 3TD WR Jovon Durante: 3 rec, 29 yds, 2TD TE David Grinnage: 3 rec, 56 yds RB Matthew Colburn II: 12 rush, 44 yds RB Raysean Pringle: 4 rush, 25 yds, 6.25 YPC t.co/PYMpMcmgUE" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  136. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (October 27, 2020). "Game over. The Aviators dominate the Jousters in Week 1. 🔹@Famousss_Amos 2 INTs and returns one for a TD 🔹@The_Real_McLeod 2 passing TDs 🔹Aviators Defense: 0 PA, 3 FR, 2 INT t.co/altGtlGsie" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  137. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (October 28, 2020). "Aviators statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Game 1 vs Jousters QB McLeod Bethel-Thompson: 18/21, 147 pass yds, 2TD DB DaShaun Amos: 2 INT RB De'Veon Smith: 19 rushes, 51 yds, 4 rec, 23 yds RB Devwah Whaley: 4 rushes, 13 yds, TD, 2 rec, 23 yds TE Nick Truesdell: 2 rec, 17 yds, TD t.co/bXMZrQIDBd" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  138. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (October 28, 2020). "Jousters statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Game 1 vs Aviators QB Alex Hornibrook: 21/30, 172 yds, INT RB James Graham: 6 rush/10 yds, 3 rec/23 yds RB Cedric O'Neal: 4 rush/20 yds, 1 rec/2 yds WR Charlies Jones: 1 rec/39 yds t.co/h7p0xDfScn" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  139. "TSL2020: Generals beat Conquerors Highlights".
  140. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (October 28, 2020). "Generals statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Game 1 vs Conquerors QB Bryan Scott: 23/28, 228 yds, 2TD/1INT RB Darnell Holland: 5 rush/66 yds, 2TD WR Kelvin McKnight Jr.: 5 rec/43 yds, TD TE Sal Cannella: 4 rec/43 yds, TD WR Melvin Vaughn: 2 rec/58 yds t.co/O8fkJbLDyT" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  141. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (October 28, 2020). "Conquerors statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Game 1 vs Generals QB Kevin Anderson: 10/16, 123 yds, TD QB Justin McMillan: Rush TD RB Jordan Salima: 3 rush/18 yds WR Michael Bandy: 4 rec/39 yds, TD WR Dan Williams III: 4 rec/49 yds t.co/pr7OpamExA" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  142. "The Spring League Week 2, Final Scores & Highlights".
  143. "Recap of The Spring League's Second Week of Action".
  144. "The Spring League – Week Two Recap".
  145. "TSL2020 Week 2: Aviators vs. Blues Highlights".
  146. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 6, 2020). "Blues statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Week 2 vs Aviators QB Shea Patterson: 16/24, 176 pass yds, TD/INT RB Matthew Colburn II: 23 rush/188 yds, TD, 2 rec/34 yds TE Shawn Clark: 4 rec/57 yds TE David Grinnage: 5 rec/44 yds, TD t.co/qbSe3eZFVx" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  147. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 6, 2020). "Aviators statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Week 2 vs Blues QB McLeod Bethel-Thompson: 25/36, 332 pass yds, 2TD WR DelVon Hardaway: 6 rec/139 yds, TD WR Kent Shelby: 3 rec/49 yds, TD WR Julian Williams: 5 rec/49 yds t.co/KzgxkzLcmg" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  148. "Week 2, Alphas Review".
  149. "Week 2, Conquerors Review".
  150. "TSL2020 Week 2: Alphas vs. Conquerors Highlights".
  151. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 6, 2020). "Alphas statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Week 2 vs Conquerors QB JT Barrett: 18/24, 284 pass yds, 2TD/2INT, 4 rush/26 yds RB Madre London: 16 rush/61 yds RB Brian Burt: 6 rush/15 yds, TD TE Bug Howard: 6 rec/149 yds, TD WR Deontez Alexader: 2 rec/62 yds, TD t.co/6p7fplPUXo" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  152. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 6, 2020). "Conquerors statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Week 2 vs Blues QB Kevin Anderson: 12/15, 151 pass yds, TD RB Jordan Salima: 10 rush/46 yds, TD, 2 rec/20 yds WR Dan "Threat" Williams III: 3 rec/98 yds WR Vinny Papale: 2 rec/21 yds, TD t.co/zCH3PTrGbw" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  153. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 5, 2020). "The Generals steal a win from the Jousters behind a defense that allowed 0 TDs and created 2 fourth quarter turnovers. Despite the loss, the story of the game is Jousters K @Ricky__Aguayo's perfect 5/5 night. The Generals improve to 2-0 and the Jousters remain win-less at 0-2. t.co/ivw6Bl1Wxq" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  154. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 6, 2020). "Generals statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Week 2 vs Jousters QB Bryan Scott: 17/37, 220 pass yds, TD, 2-PT RB Paul Terry: 6 rush/32 yds, TD WR Kelvin McKnight Jr.: 6 rec/86 yds TE Sal Cannella: 4 rec/35 yds WR Jordan Suell: 2 rec/25 yds, TD t.co/o4NaYXuKFf" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  155. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 6, 2020). "Jousters statistical leaders from #TSL2020 Week 2 vs Generals QB Alex Hornibrook: 22/40, 279 pass yds, INT RB Cedric O'Neal: 23 rush/57 yds, 7 rec/63 yds WR Ervin Philips: 3 rec/61 yds WR Charlie Jones: 5 rec/60 yds K Ricky Aguayo: 5/5 FG (33, 37, 50, 41, 48) t.co/L2quvp3vLP" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  156. "Spring League Week 3 Preview".
  157. "Recap of The Spring League's Third Week of Action".
  158. "The Spring League Week 3, Final Scores & Highlights".
  159. "The Spring League – Week Three Recap".
  160. "TSL2020 Week 3: Aviators vs. Conquerors Highlights".
  161. "Anderson, Conquerors Take Down Aviators 42-19".
  162. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 12, 2020). "Aviators statistical leaders vs Conquerors in Week 3 QB McLeod Bethel-Thompson: 16/28, 151yds, TD/2INT RB De'Veon Smith: 7car/53yds WR DelVon Hardaway: 3rec/49yds, TD WR Julian Williams: 6rec/35yds KR Mat Sexton: KR TD (2nd of szn) DB DaShaun Amos: INT TD (3rd INT/2nd TD of szn) t.co/jssw36LK9n" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  163. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 12, 2020). "Conquerors statistical leaders vs. Aviators in Week 3 QB Kevin Anderson: 20/26, 256 pass yds, 2TD/2INT RB Jordan Salima: 19 rush/57 yds, 1 rec/12 yds, 3TD RB Sola Olateju: 10 rush/52 yds WR Dan Williams III: 6 rec/156 yds, TD WR Nick Holley: 6 rec/73 yds, TD t.co/UASZE896M0" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  164. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 11, 2020). "Due to lack of practice time because of COVID-19 protocols, the Jousters will forfeit their Week 3 game against the Alphas. Per NFL rules, the Alphas will be rewarded a 2-0 win and move to 2-1. Both teams have resumed practicing. t.co/yqG5AqSccW" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  165. "TSL2020 Week 3: Aviators vs. Conquerors Highlights".
  166. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 12, 2020). "Blues statistical leaders vs Generals in Week 3 QB Shea Patterson: 19/32, 241 yds, 2TD/3INT, RushTD RB Matt Colburn II: 12 rush/73yds, 6 rec/107 yds, TD WR Joe Walker: 5 rec/60 yds, TD TE Shawn Clark: 3 rec/29 yds WR Jovon Durante: 2 rec/23 yds WR Adrian Adams: 1 rec/9 yds, TD t.co/1zBKi4yfou" (Tweet) (in Danish). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  167. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 12, 2020). "Generals statistical leaders vs Blues in Week 3 QB Bryan Scott: 24/36, 314yds, 4TD RB Paul Terry: 6rush/29yds, TD RB Chris James: 6rush/28yds, 6rec/43yds WR Jordan Suell: 4rec/156yds, 2TD WR Kelvin McKnight Jr: 5rec/52yds, TD TE Sal Cannella: 4rec/30yds, TD Generals D: 4 INT t.co/hmfrgrfdhC" (Tweet) (in Danish). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  168. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 17, 2020). "t.co/hcjp7Cex5c" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  169. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (December 15, 2020). "OFFICIAL CHAMPIONSHIP ROSTERS #1 Generals vs #2 Aviators kick off at 7 pm ET from Orlando, LIVE on @FS1! t.co/YKUqgIhPIP" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  170. "The Spring League Championship Game December 15th".
  171. "TSL2020 Championship Highlights".
  172. "The Spring League's Generals Win the 2020 Championship".
  173. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (December 17, 2020). "Aviators statistical leaders from the #TSL2020 Championship Game vs Generals: RB Jordan Salima: 14 rush/44 yds RB Sola Olateju: 9 rush/25 yds, TD TE Woody Brandom: 3 rec/20 yds WR La'Michael Pettway: 1 rec/48 yds WR Mathew Sexton: 1 rec/44 yds DB Ja'Len Embry: 6 tackles t.co/QUOZwPtRxS" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  174. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (December 17, 2020). "Generals statistical leaders from the #TSL2020 Championship Game vs Aviators: QB Bryan Scott: 22/32, 263 yds, 3TD, 28 rush yds, TD RB Darnell Holland: 5 rush/51 yds WR Kelvin McKnight Jr.: 7 rec/67 yards TE Sal Cannella: 5 rec/66 yds, TD WR Jordan Suell: 4 rec/100 yds, TD t.co/2OksptN6X3" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  175. "Exclusive: Spring League Coaches Have Discussed Boycotting".
  176. https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/photos/a.2313705772241192/2844701899141574
  177. The Spring League 🏈 [@TheSpringLeague] (November 13, 2020). "News from #TSL2020. t.co/pS620pk396" (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2020 – via Twitter.
  178. "TSL season's end another black eye for secondary football leagues".
  179. "Player Talks Deficiencies In COVID-19 Testing At The Spring League".
  180. "The Spring League Canceled Due to COVID".
  181. "Exclusive: Former XFL Player Dwayne Wallace Talks TSL Issues".
  182. "The Spring League Cancels Regular Season Due To COVID".
  183. "Spring League Cancels all Week Four Games".
  184. "Spring League Shutdown (ft. Kent Shelby and Brian Woods)".
  185. "The Spring League halts amid outbreak, releases players without exit tests".
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