Third Lanark A.C.

Third Lanark Athletic Club was a professional Scottish football club based in Glasgow. Founded in 1872 as an offshoot of the 3rd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, they were founder members of the Scottish Football Association (SFA) in 1872 and the Scottish Football League (SFL) in 1890. They played in the top division of the SFL for the majority of their existence, and were league champions in 1903–04. They also won the Scottish Cup twice, in 1889 and 1905. Third Lanark went out of business in 1967 as a result of mismanagement, six years after having finished in third place in the SFL. Their former ground, Cathkin Park in Crosshill, is still partially standing and used for minor football.

Third Lanark
Full nameThird Lanark Athletic Club
Nickname(s)Thirds, Warriors, Redcoats, The Hi-Hi
Founded1872
Dissolved1967 (1967)
GroundCathkin Park, Glasgow
New Cathkin Park, Glasgow
ManagerDavid Ampleford
LeagueCentral Scottish AFL

In 1996, an amateur football club also called Third Lanark was founded with intentions of restoring the club name to senior football and returning to play regularly at Cathkin Park. In 2008 the club was reformed again and currently have an amateur team and four youth teams.

History
See also: List of Third Lanark A.C. players and List of Third Lanark A.C. seasons

Foundation and expansion
The 1904 Third Lanark team posing with the Glasgow Cup trophy - they would end the season as Scottish champions

Third Lanark started as the football team of the Third Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers (3rd LRV), part of the Volunteer Force. The team was formally founded on 12 December 1872 at a meeting of the Third Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers in the Regimental Orderly Room in Howard Street, Glasgow. The soldiers, inspired by the first ever international friendly which had taken place two weeks previously, decided to form their own team. Several of the Scotland team in that match, made up solely of Queen's Park players, had been part of the regiment: including Billy Dickson, Billy MacKinnon and Joseph Taylor.[1] In their early years, the club was successful in shooting competitions, with members winning the prestigious 'Queen's Prize' (still contested today as an event within the Commonwealth Games.[1]

A later meeting decided that the playing kit should be: "A cowl – one end blue, the other yellow, a scarlet guernsey. Blue trousers or knickerbockers with blue stockings." It was later decided that all guernseys should have the number three on them,[2] and in the first AGM in March 1873 the constitution was amended to allow members of Queen's Park to become office bearers of Thirds. The players first used an old drill field on Victoria Road (north of the village of Strathbungo, roughly on the site of Hutcheson's Grammar School's Primary department) to train.[3][1] They soon moved to a new ground, Cathkin Park situated close to today's Govanhill Park.[1]

Having joined the newly formed Glasgow Football Association in 1883,[4] the club was a founder member of the Scottish Football League in 1890. By then, they had already won the Scottish Cup in 1889, having fallen at the final in 1876 and 1878. The name was changed to Third Lanark AC in 1903, when official links with the military were severed.[5] Prior to World War I, the club won the Scottish League championship in 1903–04,[6] as well as the Scottish Cup again in 1905[1] (then runners-up in 1906), and claimed the minor Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup in 1890, 1898, and 1900 and the Glasgow Cup in 1903, 1904 and 1909.[7]

Third Lanark (in dark jerseys) entering the field along with Argentine "Zona Norte" to play a friendly match, June 1923

In 1921, Third Lanark organised a tour of North America inviting several guest players to join them and thus being billed in some press reports and marketing as a 'Scotland XI'.[8][9][10][11] Two years later the club (again with some guest players) made a tour over South America, playing a total of eight friendly matches in Buenos Aires and Montevideo,[12] including a game against the Argentina national side on 24 June.[13] They dropped out of the top division for the first time in 1925 and spent a period as a 'yo-yo club', with three relegations and three promotions in total over the next decade. As well as consolidating in Division One until the interruption of World War II, they also reached another Scottish Cup Final in 1936, going down 1–0 to Rangers.[14]

After being relegated in 1953, Third Lanark beat Rangers 1–0 to lift the Glasgow Charity Cup in 1954,[15] and captured the same trophy two years later against Partick Thistle,[16][17] then returned to the top tier in 1957.

After losing out to Hearts in the 1959 Scottish League Cup Final,[18] the last day of the 1960–61 season saw the club reach a historic landmark. Third Lanark beat Hibernian 6–1 at Cathkin Park to reach 100 goals for the season, and the win secured third place in Scotland's top division. The following season saw Thirds take part in European competition for the first and only time when they faced Rouen of France home and away in the Anglo-Franco-Scottish Friendship Cup (Rouen won 4–0 at Cathkin on 7 November 1961 and 2–1 in France on 9 May 1962). Third Lanark won their final senior trophy - the Glasgow Cup - on 8 April 1963, beating Celtic 2–1 in the final at Hampden Park.[19]

Decline

Only four years after that successful 1960–61 season, the club's decline began. The 1965–66 season found Thirds kicking off in the Second Division, having been relegated as a consequence of the club's most unsuccessful season ever, with only three wins and a single draw from 34 matches in the league (the final 21 League matches of that season were all lost).

There followed another two seasons of mediocrity and discontent. On 8 January 1966, the Glasgow Herald announced in a front-page story that the Cathkin board were investigating the possibility of moving Third Lanark to the new town of East Kilbride and selling Cathkin Park for housing. That season, Third Lanark played 36 League matches (in a 19-team division), winning 12, drawing 8 and losing the other 16, thus gaining 32 points. 55 goals were scored and 65 conceded. Thirds' final position in that penultimate League season was fourteenth out of nineteen clubs.

Third Lanark recorded their lowest-ever home League attendance of 297 spectators on Saturday 15 April 1967 (on the same day as the England-Scotland international at Wembley) for the visit of Clydebank. Third Lanark won 1–0; it would be their final competitive victory. The last Third Lanark home game was against Queen of the South and was played at Cathkin Park on Tuesday 25 April 1967. It ended in a 3–3 draw and was the second-last fixture that Third Lanark played in the old Second Division. Jimmy Davidson scored one goal for Queens and Brian McMurdo two in the second half, including the last senior football goal at the Park (the Thirds goals came from John Kinnaird with two goals and Hugh McLaughlan with the other; Thirds had ended the first half 3-1 up). The final attendance at Cathkin Park was given as just 325 spectators.[20]

The final Thirds game was a humiliating defeat at Boghead Park when Dumbarton recorded a 5–1 score line, on Friday 28 April 1967 in front of 581 spectators (the final Thirds goal was scored by future Airdrie and Hearts star Drew Busby). The Dumbarton goals came from Ally McMillan (2), Harry Kirk (2) and Roy McCormack. The Thirds line-up in that final game at Boghead was: Bob Russell; Tony Connell and Gerry Heaney; Hugh McLaughlan, Jim Little and Gordon McEwan; Hugh Rundell, Bobby Craig, Drew Busby, Don May and John Kinnaird. Thirds' last manager was former Rangers captain Bobby Shearer, assisted by former Scotland international John McKenzie as trainer.

This game ended Third Lanark's participation in senior football in Scotland. In their final season of existence, in Division Two of the Scottish Football League, Third Lanark had played 38 League games, winning 34 points out of a possible 76. They won 13 games, drew 8 and lost the remaining 17; they scored 67 goals and conceded 78. Their final league position was eleventh out of twenty clubs.

In the 1960-61 season, home and away, Thirds had attracted 555,489 paying customers to their matches; in the final season of 1966-67, just 55,543 spectators attended their matches.[21]

About a fortnight after the final match at Boghead Park, it was announced that Glasgow Corporation had received an offer from the Third Lanark board to sell them the land at Cathkin for housing. The board acknowledged that a lack of funds had made this move inevitable.[22] Around the same time, the Thirds board also announced they were negotiating with an estate company to build a new stadium at Bishopbriggs to the north of Glasgow.[23] In the end, the stadium was never built.

A subsequent Board of Trade investigation into Third Lanark's affairs - which was published in November 1968 - revealed constant player squabbles and bitter internal struggles for power, as well as the fact that the corruption at Cathkin extended to defrauding the club lottery (which rarely paid out the weekly £200 prize).[24] It was also disclosed that players were paid late and often in coins rather than notes, they had to make their own way to away matches, hot water was not available after matches and every appointment in the club's management was made personally by club chairman Bill Hiddelston. This may have been a disincentive for anyone who was not close to Hiddelston to remain working for, or remain as a shareholder of, the club.

All of these events finally took their toll; on 7 June 1967, Lord Fraser in the Court of Session in Edinburgh issued a winding-up order and appointed an official liquidator. The petition to wind up the club had been brought by a Glasgow building company which claimed that the club owed them more than £2000 for work done on the new stand at Cathkin Park. The judge accepted figures submitted on behalf of the provisional liquidator which showed that the club's liabilities exceeded its liquid assets by £40 000 in preference to those presented by the club.[25]

On 26 June 1967, it was announced that Third Lanark's membership of the Scottish Football League had ceased and that their remaining players were up for transfer.

On 1 July 1968 four former directors of Third Lanark were found guilty of contravening the Companies Act 1948 by failing to keep proper books of account during the two years preceding the liquidation of Third Lanark and fined £100 each. The investigation by the Board of Trade accused club chairman Bill Hiddelston of blatant corruption and found that "the circumstances (merited) police inquiry". Hiddelston had died of a heart attack in Blackpool on 16 November 1967.

The role of chairman Hiddelston in the club's liquidation was, and remains, the subject of debate among those close to Third Lanark. He may have wished to profit personally from the sale of Cathkin Park for property development. Cathkin Park was sold for housing during the 1967 close season, but Glasgow City Council refused planning permission. On the other hand, he built a new grandstand for the club in 1963, an unlikely thing to do if Hiddelston intended to put the club out of business. Another allegation was that Hiddelston wanted to force the club to move to either Cumbernauld or East Kilbride, the then booming New towns in the Glasgow commuter belt, which at that time had no senior sides of their own.

After liquidation

After Third Lanark went into liquidation some Third Lanark fans began supporting other local clubs like Queen's Park or Clyde, and others began supporting the Old Firm. The nearby Junior club Pollok also received many new fans. Although most other Scottish teams who went into liquidation were later reformed as amateur sides, there was no such resurrection for Third Lanark for many years. It has been suggested that this was because there was such a prolonged period of downfall for Third Lanark that many fans felt too tired of what had gone on at the club to try to bring it back.[7]

A youth team later adopted the name Third Lanark Athletic (playing at Rosebank Park), as did a ladies' team. Occasionally exhibition matches are staged at Cathkin with a scratch Third Lanark team. Former Glasgow MP Sir Teddy Taylor bought the company name "Third Lanark Athletic Club Ltd" from the sequestrators in 1967, when there remained the possibility of the club continuing in another form.

Rebirth as an amateur side

Third Lanark has returned to its now dilapidated Cathkin Park home, playing in the Greater Glasgow Amateur League.[26]

On 9 June 2008, a four-man delegation from the club made a surprise announcement to the press, stating that Third Lanark AC would be interested in returning to the Scottish Football League, after SPL team Gretna decided to withdraw from the SFL. The other contenders for the vacant league place were Spartans, Cove Rangers, Annan Athletic, Preston Athletic and Edinburgh City.[27] However, there was no formal application from Third Lanark to enter the SFL, so the club remained in Division 3 of the Greater Glasgow Amateur League. The vacant League place finally went to Annan Athletic.

In recent times, there have been moves towards reviving the senior club.[28][29]

Third Lanark A.F.C. are an amateur team[30][31] who, as of the 2018–19 season, play in the Central Scottish Amateur Football League.[32] They previously competed in the West of Scotland AFL and the Greater Glasgow Premier AFL. The team are currently (2018) playing their home games at the Toryglen Regional Football Centre (a modern facility a short distance from Cathkin Park)[33] and at the Barlia Football Centre[34] in Glasgow's Castlemilk district, having played at Fullarton Park (home of Vale of Clyde F.C.), in prior seasons.

Nickname

Third Lanark was known as Thirds, The Warriors, the Redcoats and the Hi Hi. The last nickname was rumoured to have started during a match in the late 1890s, when a defender kicked the ball so high out of the ground that the crowd started screaming "High High High" and that nickname stayed with the club ever since. The fans invariably started to sing "Hi Hi Hi!" as a battle cry to encourage the team to victory during the club's matches.[35] There was a public house called The Hi Hi Bar at the southern end of Crown Street in the Gorbals area of Glasgow, about one mile from the club's Cathkin Park stadium.

Ground

Third Lanark played at the original Cathkin Park from their foundation until 1903, at which time they took over Queen's Park's Hampden Park ground, renaming it New Cathkin Park, whilst Queen's Park moved to a new Hampden Park in Mount Florida.[36][37] New Cathkin Park is currently owned by Glasgow City Council, and large areas of the terracing remain intact on three sides of the ground.[35]

Ownership and finances

Third Lanark was incorporated in 1903. Its initial shareholders were mostly middle-class fans who were wealthy enough to invest in the club. Very few of them were business people or entrepreneurs.[7]

Managers

Some notable Scottish football figures managed Third Lanark:[38]

Honours

References
  1. Andrew Downie (15 February 2017). "Strathbungo's Sharpshooters: Third Lanark". Bygone Bungo. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  2. Litster 2010, p. 4
  3. Litster 2010, p. 6
  4. Chapter XXV—Glasgow Association, History of the Queen's Park Football Club 1867 - 1917 (via Electric Scotland)
  5. Brown, Alan; Tossani, Gabriele (14 April 2016). "Scotland – International Matches 1901–1910". RSSSF. Retrieved 30 September 2016. The name of the Scottish club 3rd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers was changed to Third Lanark AC in June 1903, when official links with the military were severed.
  6. One Hit Wonders: Third Lanark (Scotland), 1903-04, Soccer Stories, 13 January 2014
  7. Litster 2010, p. 3
  8. Neil Morrison (4 January 2018). "British "FA XI" Tours: 1921 "Third Lanark's Scotland XI" - Canada and USA". RSSSF. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  9. "When Third Lanark were Scotland". Before The 'D'...Association Football around the world, 1863-1937. 18 November 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  10. Andy Mitchell (15 March 2013). "Scots on tour in 1921". Scottish Sport History. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  11. Ed Farnsworth (18 February 2016). "All-Scots in Bethlehem and Philadelphia, 1921". Society of American Soccer History. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  12. "British and Irish Clubs - Overseas Tours 1890-1939". www.rsssf.com. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  13. Río de la Plata Trip of Third Lanark 1923 RSSSF
  14. Rangers Retain Scottish Cup, The Glasgow Herald, 20 April 1936
  15. "Players reveal greed, grudge and treachery behind the fall of famous Third Lanark football club - Sunday Post". sundaypost.com. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  16. Third Lanark's refreshing display, Glasgow Herald, 14 May 1956 (via Partick Thistle History Archive)
  17. Peter was a Hampden hero – then a Wembley one, too, Brian Fowlie, Sunday Post, 15 May 2016, via PressReader
  18. Third's Defence Strive Nobly But In Vain, The Glasgow Herald, 26 October 1959
  19. Glasgow Cup For Third Lanark, The Glasgow Herald, 9 April 1963, via The Celtic Wiki
  20. "Results for Third Lanark for 1966-67". www.londonhearts.com. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  21. Article from Glasgow Live
  22. Evening Times, 12 May 1967
  23. Evening Times, 13 May 1967
  24. Cairns, Gordon. "When Saturday Comes - Glasgow's ghostly Cathkin Park stands as a warning to football's wayward owners". www.wsc.co.uk. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  25. Glasgow Herald, 23 January 1968
  26. Third Lanark on Greater Glasgow Amateur League
  27. Third Lanark express SFL interest, BBC Sport, 10 June 2008
  28. "Thirds get hand from Macron". Scottish Football League. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  29. "Third Lanark forgiven by Suppliers". Scottish Football League. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
  30. "The Club". Third Lanark A.F.C. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  31. Craig McDonald (16 April 2017). "Reborn Third Lanark unveil £5million plan to renovate Cathkin Park stadium in Glasgow's south side". Daily Record. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  32. "About Us". Third Lanark A.F.C. Community. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  33. Craig McDonald (27 December 2015). "Third Lanark fan launches bid to revive the famous club and reckons they'll soon be back in the big time". Daily Record. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  34. "Barlia Football Centre". Glasgow Life. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  35. http://www.scotzine.com/features/oor-football-years/third-lanark-the-hi-his-and-the-lows/
  36. Chapter XL.—Third Lanark F.C. and Hampden Park, History of the Queen's Park Football Club 1867 - 1917, Richard Robinson (1920), via Electric Scotland
  37. Second Hampden, QPFC.com
  38. "www.scottishleague.net • View topic - Third Lanark Managers". www.scottishleague.net. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  39. Known as second division prior to 1975
  • Litster, John (2010). Third Lanark: Life and Death of the Hi Hi. Programme Monthly. ISBN 978-0-95346-823-2.
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