Thrixspermum carinatifolium

Thrixspermum carinatifolium, commonly known as the Christmas Island hairseed,[2] is an epiphytic orchid with flattened, straggly stems that form clumps with many branching aerial roots. It has flattened fleshy leaves arranged in two ranks along the stems and white or yellowish, widely opening flowers. This orchid occurs from Peninsular Malaysia to Christmas Island, an Australian territory.

Christmas Island hairseed
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Thrixspermum
Species:
T. carinatifolium
Binomial name
Thrixspermum carinatifolium
Synonyms[1]
  • Sarcochilus carinatifolius Ridl.
  • Dendrocolla carinatifolia (Ridl.) Ridl.
  • Thrixspermum batuense J.J.Sm.
  • Thrixspermum batuense var. javanicum J.J.Sm.

Description

Thrixspermum carinatifolium is an epiphytic herb with flattened, straggly stems 100–300 millimetres (3.9–12 in) long and many wiry, branching roots. It has between five and ten elliptic leaves 50–70 millimetres (2.0–2.8 in) long, 15–20 millimetres (0.59–0.79 in) wide with a rounded tip and arranged in two ranks. The flowers are white to yellowish, 16–20 millimetres (0.63–0.79 in) long and wide arranged on a stiff, wiry flowering stem 120–240 millimetres (4.7–9.4 in) long. The sepals and petals spread widely apart from each other, the sepals 8–9 millimetres (0.31–0.35 in) long and about 3 millimetres (0.12 in) wide, the petals shorter and narrower than the sepals. The labellum is about 7 millimetres (0.28 in) long and 4 millimetres (0.16 in) wide with three lobes. The side lobes are about 7 millimetres (0.28 in) long, narrow, curved and pointed. The middle lobe is thick and egg-shaped with a curved sac and rounded callus. Flowering occurs sporadically.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

The Christmas Island hairseed was first formally described in 1891 by Henry Ridley who gave it the name Sarcochilus carinitifolius and published the description in Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.[5][6] In 1911, Rudolf Schlechter changed the name to Thrixspermum carinatifolium.[7] The specific epithet (carinatifolium) is derived from the Latin words carinatus meaning "keeled"[8]:661 and folium meaning "leaf".[8]:340

Distribution and habitat

Thrixspermum carinatifolium grows on the upper branches of rainforest trees, sometimes near the sea. It occurs in Java, southeast Johor and Aur Island in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Christmas Island.[1][2][3][4]

References
  1. "Thrixspermum carinatifolium". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 456. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. "Thrixspermum carinatifolium". Flora of Australia online. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  4. Seidenfaden, Gunnar; Wood, Jeffrey J.; Holttum, Richard Eric (1992). The orchids of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Fredensborg: Published in association with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew & Botanic Gardens, Singapore [by] Olsen & Olsen. pp. 649–650. ISBN 8785215244.
  5. "Sarcochilus carinitifolius". APNI. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  6. Ridley, Henry Nicholas (1891). "New species described". Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 23: 136. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  7. "Thrixspermum carinatifolium". APNI. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  8. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
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