Thymopoietin

Lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2), isoforms beta/gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMPO gene.[5][6] LAP2 is an inner nuclear membrane (INM) protein.[7]

TMPO
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1GJJ, 1H9F, 1H9E
Identifiers
Aliases	TMPO, CMD1T, LAP2, LEMD4, PRO0868, TP, thymopoietin
External IDs	OMIM: 188380 MGI: 106920 HomoloGene: 31144 GeneCards: TMPO
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q23.1 Start 98,515,512 bp[1] End 98,550,379 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10 C2|10 45.66 cM Start 91,147,571 bp[2] End 91,181,315 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • DNA binding • lamin binding • cadherin binding • GO:0001948 protein binding Cellular component • chromatin • nuclear envelope • cell nucleus • chromosome • cytoplasm • integral component of membrane • nuclear inner membrane • not the membrane • membrane Biological process • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7112	21917
Ensembl	ENSG00000120802	ENSMUSG00000019961
UniProt	P42166 P42167	Q61029 Q61033
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001032283 NM_001032284 NM_001307975 NM_003276	NM_001080129 NM_001080130 NM_001080131 NM_001080132 NM_001080134 NM_011605 NM_001283048
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001027454 NP_001027455 NP_001294904 NP_003267 NP_001027454.1 NP_001027455.1 NP_001294904.1 NP_001027454.1	NP_001073598 NP_001073599 NP_001073600 NP_001073601 NP_001269977 NP_035735 NP_035735.2
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 98.52 – 98.55 Mb	Chr 10: 91.15 – 91.18 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Thymopoietin is a protein involved in the induction of CD90 in the thymus. The thymopoetin (TMPO) gene encodes three alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding proteins of 75 kDa (alpha), 51 kDa (beta) and 39 kDa (gamma) which are ubiquitously expressed in all cells. The human TMPO gene maps to chromosome band 12q22 and consists of eight exons. TMPO alpha is present diffusely expressed with the cell nucleus while TMPO beta and gamma are localized to the nuclear membrane. TMPO beta is a human homolog of the murine protein LAP2. LAP2 plays a role in the regulation of nuclear architecture by binding lamin B1 and chromosomes. This interaction is regulated by phosphorylation during mitosis. Given the nuclear localization of the three TMPO isoforms, it is unlikely that these proteins play any role in CD90 induction.

Interactions

Thymopoietin has been shown to interact with Barrier to autointegration factor 1,[8] AKAP8L,[9][10] LMNB1[11][12] and LMNA.[13][14]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120802 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000019961 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Harris CA, Andryuk PJ, Cline S, Chan HK, Natarajan A, Siekierka JJ, Goldstein G (Jul 1994). "Three distinct human thymopoietins are derived from alternatively spliced mRNAs". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (14): 6283–7. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.6283H. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.14.6283. PMC 44185. PMID 7517549.
6. "Entrez Gene: TMPO thymopoietin".
7. Holmer L, Worman HJ (Nov 2001). "Inner nuclear membrane proteins: functions and targeting". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 58 (12–13): 1741–7. doi:10.1007/PL00000813. PMID 11766875. S2CID 20902309.
8. Furukawa K (Aug 1999). "LAP2 binding protein 1 (L2BP1/BAF) is a candidate mediator of LAP2-chromatin interaction". Journal of Cell Science. 112 ( Pt 15) (15): 2485–92. PMID 10393804.
9. Martins SB, Eide T, Steen RL, Jahnsen T, Skålhegg BS, Collas P (Nov 2000). "HA95 is a protein of the chromatin and nuclear matrix regulating nuclear envelope dynamics". Journal of Cell Science. 113 Pt 21 (21): 3703–13. PMID 11034899.
10. Martins S, Eikvar S, Furukawa K, Collas P (Jan 2003). "HA95 and LAP2 beta mediate a novel chromatin-nuclear envelope interaction implicated in initiation of DNA replication". The Journal of Cell Biology. 160 (2): 177–88. doi:10.1083/jcb.200210026. PMC 2172640. PMID 12538639.
11. Furukawa K, Kondo T (Feb 1998). "Identification of the lamina-associated-polypeptide-2-binding domain of B-type lamin". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 251 (3): 729–33. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2510729.x. PMID 9490046.
12. Foisner R, Gerace L (Jul 1993). "Integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope interact with lamins and chromosomes, and binding is modulated by mitotic phosphorylation". Cell. 73 (7): 1267–79. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90355-T. PMID 8324822.
13. Markiewicz E, Dechat T, Foisner R, Quinlan RA, Hutchison CJ (Dec 2002). "Lamin A/C binding protein LAP2alpha is required for nuclear anchorage of retinoblastoma protein". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 13 (12): 4401–13. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-07-0450. PMC 138642. PMID 12475961.
14. Dechat T, Korbei B, Vaughan OA, Vlcek S, Hutchison CJ, Foisner R (Oct 2000). "Lamina-associated polypeptide 2alpha binds intranuclear A-type lamins". Journal of Cell Science. 113 Pt 19 (19): 3473–84. PMID 10984438.

Further reading

• Harris CA, Andryuk PJ, Cline SW, Mathew S, Siekierka JJ, Goldstein G (Jul 1995). "Structure and mapping of the human thymopoietin (TMPO) gene and relationship of human TMPO beta to rat lamin-associated polypeptide 2". Genomics. 28 (2): 198–205. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1131. PMID 8530026.
• Dechat T, Vlcek S, Foisner R (Apr 2000). "Review: lamina-associated polypeptide 2 isoforms and related proteins in cell cycle-dependent nuclear structure dynamics". Journal of Structural Biology. 129 (2–3): 335–45. doi:10.1006/jsbi.2000.4212. PMID 10806084.
• Twomey JJ, Goldstein G, Lewis VM, Bealmear PM, Good RA (Jun 1977). "Bioassay determinations of thymopoietin and thymic hormone levels in human plasma". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (6): 2541–5. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.2541T. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.6.2541. PMC 432209. PMID 302007.
• Heavner GA, Audhya T, Goldstein G (Feb 1990). "Peptide analogs of thymopentin distinguish distinct thymopoietin receptor specificities on two human T cell lines". Regulatory Peptides. 27 (2): 257–62. doi:10.1016/0167-0115(90)90044-W. PMID 2158125. S2CID 12562672.
• Fuccello A, Audhya T, Talle MA, Goldstein G (Jan 1984). "Immunoassay for bovine serum thymopoietin: discrimination from splenin by monoclonal antibodies". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 228 (1): 292–8. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(84)90070-5. PMID 6364989.
• Hara H, Hayashi K, Ohta K, Itoh N, Ohta M (Nov 1994). "A new thymopoietin precursor gene from human thymus". Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International. 34 (5): 927–33. PMID 7703909.
• Goldstein G, Schlesinger DH, Audhya T (Jun 1994). "Isolation and complete amino acid sequence of human thymopoietin and splenin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (13): 6249. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.6249G. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.13.6249. PMC 44176. PMID 8016147.
• Harris CA, Andryuk PJ, Cline SW, Mathew S, Siekierka JJ, Goldstein G (Jul 1995). "Structure and mapping of the human thymopoietin (TMPO) gene and relationship of human TMPO beta to rat lamin-associated polypeptide 2". Genomics. 28 (2): 198–205. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1131. PMID 8530026.
• Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (Apr 1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Analytical Biochemistry. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
• Berger R, Theodor L, Shoham J, Gokkel E, Brok-Simoni F, Avraham KB, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Rechavi G, Simon AJ (May 1996). "The characterization and localization of the mouse thymopoietin/lamina-associated polypeptide 2 gene and its alternatively spliced products". Genome Research. 6 (5): 361–70. doi:10.1101/gr.6.5.361. PMID 8743987.
• Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA (Apr 1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Research. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
• Furukawa K, Fritze CE, Gerace L (Feb 1998). "The major nuclear envelope targeting domain of LAP2 coincides with its lamin binding region but is distinct from its chromatin interaction domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (7): 4213–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.7.4213. PMID 9461618.
• Furukawa K, Kondo T (Feb 1998). "Identification of the lamina-associated-polypeptide-2-binding domain of B-type lamin". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 251 (3): 729–33. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2510729.x. PMID 9490046.
• Dechat T, Gotzmann J, Stockinger A, Harris CA, Talle MA, Siekierka JJ, Foisner R (Aug 1998). "Detergent-salt resistance of LAP2alpha in interphase nuclei and phosphorylation-dependent association with chromosomes early in nuclear assembly implies functions in nuclear structure dynamics". The EMBO Journal. 17 (16): 4887–902. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.16.4887. PMC 1170818. PMID 9707448.
• Furukawa K (Aug 1999). "LAP2 binding protein 1 (L2BP1/BAF) is a candidate mediator of LAP2-chromatin interaction". Journal of Cell Science. 112 ( Pt 15) (15): 2485–92. PMID 10393804.
• Weber PJ, Eckhard CP, Gonser S, Otto H, Folkers G, Beck-Sickinger AG (Jun 1999). "On the role of thymopoietins in cell proliferation. Immunochemical evidence for new members of the human thymopoietin family". Biological Chemistry. 380 (6): 653–60. doi:10.1515/BC.1999.081. PMID 10430029. S2CID 12957414.
• Dechat T, Korbei B, Vaughan OA, Vlcek S, Hutchison CJ, Foisner R (Oct 2000). "Lamina-associated polypeptide 2alpha binds intranuclear A-type lamins". Journal of Cell Science. 113 Pt 19 (19): 3473–84. PMID 10984438.
• Martins SB, Eide T, Steen RL, Jahnsen T, Skålhegg BS, Collas P (Nov 2000). "HA95 is a protein of the chromatin and nuclear matrix regulating nuclear envelope dynamics". Journal of Cell Science. 113 Pt 21 (21): 3703–13. PMID 11034899.

External links

• Thymopoietins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)