Thyrsanthella difformis

Thyrsanthella difformis, the climbing dogbane,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family. It is an uncommon to locally common deciduous low-growing woody vine native to the southeastern United States, found more often though not exclusively in moist habitats. [2] [3] [4] [5]

T. difformis leaves and flower, Chatham County NC, 16 June 2015

Thyrsanthella difformis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Thyrsanthella
Species:
T. difformis
Binomial name
Thyrsanthella difformis
Synonyms

Trachelospermum difforme (Walter) A.Gray

Description

Thyrsanthella difformis is a deciduous low-growing woody twining vine in the dogbane family. Its leaves are opposite, entire, acuminate, and have variable shape. White to creamy yellow flowers, lacking a corona, corolla lobes 3–4 mm long, appear May to July. Reddish fruit are follicles 10–25 cm long, 1–2 mm in diameter that appear July through September.[2][3]

Identification

The variable leaf shape may make identification challenging in some cases, particularly if the narrow-leaf form is first encountered. Also, T. difformis may be confused with trumpet honeysuckle, alien japanese honeysuckle, or carolina jessamine. Distinguish T. difformis in the field from these plants by observing that only T. difformis exudes milky sap from broken stems or the central vein of torn leaves. It may be distinguished from the alien confederate jasmine, formerly in the same genus, by the unassuming pale yellow flowers of the native species contrasting to the showy white flowers of the introduced vine.[2][3]

Taxonomy

This species was traditionally included in the genus Trachelospermum. Molecular and physical taxonomic evidence place it instead in the monospecific genus Thyrsanthella. The specific name derives from the variable leaf shape.[2][3]

Toxicity

One source reports that all parts of this plant are poisonous if ingested. [6]

References
  1. "Trachelospermum difforme". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  2. Weakley, Alan S. (Nov 2012). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (PDF). Chapel Hill, NC, USA: The University of North Carolina Herbarium. p. 862. Retrieved 5 Oct 2014.
  3. Will Cook. "Climbing Dogbane (Thyrsanthella difformis)". Will Cook. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  4. "Trachelospermum difforme (Walter) A. Gray". USDA. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  5. "Forsteronia difformis (Walt.) A. DC". Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  6. "Climbing Dogbane Trachelospermum difforme". Dave's Garden. Retrieved June 18, 2015.


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