Timeline of San Francisco

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of San Francisco, California, United States.

Prior to the 1800s

• 1776 – Presidio of San Francisco and Mission San Francisco de Asís established by colonists from Spain.
• 1791 – Mission San Francisco de Asís building dedicated.

1800s

• 1847
  • Yerba Buena renamed "San Francisco."
  • City hotel built.[1]
• 1848
  • Territory ceded from Mexico to the United States per Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
  • California Gold Rush begins.
• 1849
  • St. Francis hotel built.[1]
  • Boudin Bakery, Olympic Amphitheatre,[2] and Union Iron Works[3] in business.
  • West Indian Benevolent Association established.[4]
• 1850
  • April 15: City of San Francisco incorporated.[5]
  • May 1: John W. Geary becomes mayor.
  • October 29: San Francisco becomes part of the new U.S. State of California.
  • Chamber of Commerce[6] Society of California Pioneers,[7] and Jenny Lind Theatre[2] established.
  • Population: 34,000.[8]
• 1851
  • May 3–4: Fire.[9]
  • San Francisco Committee of Vigilance organized.
  • Pioneer Race Course opens.
• 1852
  • Ghirardelli in business.
  • Mercantile Library Association of San Francisco, Sons of the Emerald Isle, and San Francisco Turn Verein established.[7]
  • The Golden Era newspaper begins publication.
• 1853 – California Academy of Sciences, YMCA,[7] and Russ garden[1] established.
• 1854 – San Francisco Mechanics' Institute established.
• 1855 – Hebrew Young Men's Literary Assoc. active.[10]
• 1856 – Mirror of the Times[4] and Daily Morning Call[11] newspapers begin publication.
• 1857 – State Convention of Colored People held in city.[12]
• 1858 – Italian Benevolent Society organized.[7]
• 1859 – San Francisco Schuetzen-Verein founded.[13]
• 1860
  • March 27: Japanese embassy arrives.[14]
  • Olympic Club founded.[15]
  • Population: 56,802.[16]
• 1861
  • Overland Telegraph Company begins operating (New York-San Francisco).[9]
  • Fraternitas Rosae Crucis lodge established.[17]
• 1862
  • Heald's Business College[18] and Franchise League[4] established.
• The San Francisco Stock and Bond Exchange was founded.[19]
• 1863
  • San Francisco and San Jose Railroad begins operating soon.
  • St. Andrew's Society founded.[7]
  • Cliff House rebuilt.
  • Charlotte L. Brown sues a racially segregated San Francisco streetcar company and wins.[20]
• 1864 –
  • Concordia-Argonaut Club founded.
  • Hugh Toland found the Toland Medical College, which would later become the University of California, San Francisco
• 1865 – Daily Examiner and Daily Dramatic Chronicle newspapers begin publication.[11]
• 1866 – Merchants' Exchange Association, Caledonian Club,[7] and Woodward's Gardens[1] established.
• 1867
  • Street begging ban effected.[21]
  • San Francisco City and County Almshouse opens.[22]
• 1868 – San Francisco County Medical Society[7] and Women’s Co-operative Printing Office established.
• 1869
  • California Theatre opens.
  • San Francisco Yacht Club founded.[7]
  • Grand hotel built.[1]
• 1870
  • Golden Gate Park[9] and San Francisco Microscopical Society[23] established.
  • Population: 149,473.[16]
• 1871 – San Francisco Art Association and St. Luke's Hospital[13][24] established.
• 1872 – Bohemian Club and Bar Association of San Francisco founded.[7]
• 1873
  • Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating.
  • Polish Society of California organized.[7]
• 1874 – California School of Design, and Territorial Pioneers of California[7] established.
• 1875
  • Palace Hotel in business.[1]
  • Fire patrol established.[13]
• 1876 – Pioneer Park, Pacific Homeopathic Dispensary Association, and Ligue Nationale Francaise established.[7]
• 1877
  • Board of Trade, Spanish Mutual Benevolent Society,[7] and Workingmen's Party of California[25] established.
  • Anti-Chinese sentiment leads to riots against Chinatown residents and businesses.[26]
  • Baldwin hotel built.[1]
• 1878 – San Francisco Public Library,[27][28] Pacific Yacht Club, and Young Women's Christian Association founded.[7]
• 1879 – Golden Gate Kindergarten Association organized.[13]
• 1881 – Geographical Society of the Pacific organized.[7]
• 1883 – Pacific Coast Amateur Photographic Association headquartered in city.[29]
• 1887 – Cogswell Polytechnical College established.[18]
• 1888 – Associated Charities[13] and San Francisco Business College[18] established.
• 1889 – Pacific-Union Club formed.
• 1890
  • California Camera Club[30] and University Club of San Francisco established.
  • Population: 298,997.[8]
• 1891 – Gregg Shorthand school established.[18]
• 1892
  • Hibernia Bank built.[31]
  • Trocadero Hotel opens.
• 1893 – Mark Hopkins Institute of Art established.[32]
• 1894
  • Wilmerding School of Industrial Arts established.[33]
  • California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894 held; Japanese Tea Garden built.
• 1895
  • California School of Mechanical Arts established.[33]
  • M. H. de Young Memorial Museum opens as Golden Gate Park Museum.[34]
• 1896 – Sutro Baths open.
• 1898
  • San Francisco Ferry Building opens.
  • City rechartered.[9]
  • League of California Municipalities headquartered in city.[35]
  • Buddhist temple founded.[36][37]
• 1899
  • San Francisco State Normal School established.
  • City Hall built.
• 1900 – Population: 342,782.[38]

1900s

1900s–1940s

• 1901
  • Labor strike of restaurant workers.[39]
  • San Francisco Architectural Club organized.[34]
• 1902 – Eugene Schmitz becomes mayor.
• 1905 – 1908: San Francisco graft trials
• 1906 – April 18: 1906 San Francisco earthquake.[40]
• 1907
  • July: Mayor Eugene Schmitz imprisoned.[9]
  • International Hotel built.
  • A. Mutt comic strip begins publication in the San Francisco Chronicle.
• 1908 – South San Francisco incorporated near city.[41]
• 1910
  • San Francisco Housing Association organized.[42]
  • Population: 416,912.[8]
• 1911
  • San Francisco Symphony founded.
  • Cort theatre opens.[43]
• 1912
  • Lux School for Industrial Training for Girls opens.
  • Book Club of California established.[44]
  • James Rolph becomes mayor.
  • Tadich Grill in business.[45]
• 1914 – San Francisco National Guard Armory and Arsenal built.
• 1915
  • January 25: First transcontinental telephone call occurs (San Francisco-New York).
  • February 20: Panama–Pacific International Exposition opens; Tower of Jewels built.
  • San Francisco Labor Temple built.
  • San Francisco City Hall rebuilt.
  • Veterans Auditorium opens.
• 1916
  • Preparedness Day Bombing.[46]
  • Legal Aid Society established.
  • Buena Vista Cafe in business.
• 1917 – Strand Theater built.[43][31]
• 1922 – Golden Gate Theatre and Castro Theatre built.[47]
• 1923
  • January: Mae Nolan becomes U.S. representative for California's 5th congressional district.[48]
  • August 2: US President Harding dies in the Palace Hotel.[40]
• 1924 – California Palace of the Legion of Honor opens.
• 1925
  • Fleishhacker Pool built.
  • Florence Prag Kahn becomes U.S. representative for California's 4th congressional district.[49]
• 1926 – Playland at the Beach in business.
• 1927 – San Francisco Municipal Airport dedicated.[9]
• 1928 – Amazon Theater opens.[43]
• 1929
  • Fleishhacker Zoo established.
  • Topsy’s Roost (restaurant) in business.
• 1930 – Pacific Stock Exchange Lunch Club formed.
• 1931 – Stern Grove opens as city park.
• 1932
  • War Memorial Opera House opens.
  • Photographers' Group f/64 founded.[50]
• 1933
  • San Francisco Opera Ballet founded.
  • Coit Tower built.
• 1934
  • May 9: General Strike begins.[46]
  • U.S. Penitentiary established on Alcatraz Island.
  • Golden Grain Macaroni Company in business.
• 1935 – San Francisco Museum of Modern Art opens as San Francisco Museum of Art in Veterans Memorial Building.
• 1936 – Bay Bridge opens.[51]
• 1937 – May 27: Golden Gate Bridge opens.[9]
• 1940 – Holly Courts housing project built.[9]
• 1944 – Church for the Fellowship of All Peoples established.[52]
• 1945
  • Tonga Room in business.
  • April 25: United Nations Conference on International Organization begins.
  • June 26: United Nations Charter signed.
• 1946 – National Urban League branch[53] and Marines' Memorial Club established.
• 1949 – Presidio Theatre built.[47]

1950s–1990s

• 1952 – The Purple Onion nightclub in business.
• 1953 – City Lights Bookstore in business.[46]
• 1955 – City Lights Pocket Poets Series begins publication.
  • Allen Ginsberg reads his poem Howl for the first time at the Six Gallery
• 1957
  • San Francisco International Film Festival founded.
  • Caffe Trieste in business.[54]
  • Sister city relationship established with Osaka, Japan.[55]
  • The San Francisco Stock and Bond Exchange (formed in 1882) and the Los Angeles Oil Exchange (formed in 1899) merge to create the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange.[19]
• 1959 – Embarcadero Freeway opens.
• 1960 – Mandarin restaurant in business.[56]
• 1963– The Reverend Cecil Williams becomes pastor at Glide Memorial Church, shifting the church's politics to the left.[57]
• 1964 – City's "San Francisco History Center" established.
• 1965 – Intersection for the Arts incorporated.
  • The musical group the Jefferson Airplane is created.
• 1966– The Compton's Cafeteria riot breaks out when transgender patrons become angry over police harassment.[58]
• 1967 – Summer of Love.
  • January: The Human Be-In takes place in Golden Gate park, a prelude to the Summer of Love.
  • The anarchist group The Diggers is founded, and begins distributing free food.[59]
• 1968 – Sister city relationship established with Sydney, Australia.[55]
  • The Church of John Coltrane is established, and continues religious services until 2016.[60]
• 1969
  • 555 California Street built.
  • Sister city relationships established with Assisi, Italy; and Taipei, Taiwan.[55]
  • The San Francisco Chronicle and Examiner receive their first letters from The Zodiac Killer.[61]
• 1970 – Regional Metropolitan Transportation Commission established.
• 1971 – Peoples Temple in San Francisco and Church of the Tree of Life[17] established.
• 1972
  • San Francisco Pride begins.
  • Golden Gate National Recreation Area established.
  • Transamerica Pyramid built.
• 1973
  • October: Zebra murders begin.[62]
  • Church of the Gentle Brothers and Sisters incorporated.[17]
  • Sister city relationship established with Haifa, Israel.[55]
• 1974
  • People's Food System active (approximate date).[63]
  • Southern Exposure (art space)[64] and San Francisco Cable Car Museum established.
  • April 15: Hibernia Bank robbery by the Symbionese Liberation Army.
• 1975
  • Rainbow Grocery Cooperative opens.[63]
  • Sister city relationship established with Seoul, South Korea.[55]
  • September 22: Sara Jane Moore attempted to assassinate President Gerald Ford in front of the St. Francis Hotel by firing two gunshots at Ford; both shots missed.
• 1976 – Bay Area Video Coalition founded.
• 1977
  • Theatre Rhinoceros and Suicide Club founded.
  • Golden Dragon massacre
  • San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association active.
• 1978
  • June 25: Rainbow flag (LGBT movement) introduced.
  • November 18: Jonestown mass murder-suicide at the People's Temple Guyana compound.
  • November 27: Moscone–Milk assassinations.
  • December 4: Dianne Feinstein becomes mayor.
• 1979
  • The Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence make their first appearance on Castro Street.
  • May 21: White Night riots.
  • Sister city relationship established with Shanghai, China.[55]
• 1980 – Davies Symphony Hall opens.
• 1981
  • San Francisco Symphony Youth Orchestra and Hansberry Theatre established.
  • Sister city relationship established with Manila, Philippines.[55]
• 1982 – City/county handgun ban approved; later struck down by state court.[62]
• 1983 – San Francisco General Hospital AIDS clinic established.[65]
• 1984 – Sister city relationship established with Cork, Ireland.[55]
• 1986
  • Cacophony Society formed.
  • A bonfire of a wooden man is held on Baker Beach which evolves into the Burning Man event.[66]
  • Sister city relationship established with Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.[55]
• 1987 – Luggage Store (arts organization) established.[64]
• 1988 – San Francisco Museum and Historical Society founded.
• 1989
  • October 17: Loma Prieta earthquake.
  • San Francisco becomes a sanctuary city for illegal immigrants.[67]
• 1990
  • Population: 723,959.[16]
  • Sister city relationship established with Thessaloniki, Greece.[55]
• 1991 – Museum of the City of San Francisco opens.[68]
• 1992
  • Critical Mass (bicycle event) began.
  • Clarion Alley Mural Project organized.
  • Latino Coalition for a Healthy California headquartered in city.
• 1993 – Yerba Buena Center for the Arts opens.
• 1993 – 101 California Street shooting occurs.[62]
• 1994 – Santarchy begins.
• 1995
  • Craigslist founded.
  • Sister city relationship established with Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.[55]
• 1996
  • City website online (approximate date).[69]
  • Willie Brown becomes mayor.
  • Internet Archive headquartered in city.[70]
  • Long Now Foundation established.
• 1997
  • Sister city relationship established with Paris, France.[55]
  • Pinecrest Diner, a popular all-night diner-style restaurant in San Francisco, becomes notorious for a murder over an order of eggs.[71]
• 1998 – Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts founded.[64]
• 2000 – Population: 776,733.[38]

2000s

• 2003
  • Bernal Heights Preservation established.[72]
  • U.S. National Security Agency/AT&T Room 641A in operation.
  • Sister city relationship established with Zürich, Switzerland.[55]
• 2004 – Gavin Newsom becomes mayor.
• 2005 – November: Gun control ordinance San Francisco Proposition H (2005) passes; later struck down.
• 2007
  • Twitter Inc. in business.[73]
  • Noisebridge founded.[74]
• 2008
  • Edible Schoolyard established at San Francisco Boys and Girls Club.
  • One Rincon Hill (apartment building) constructed.
  • Airbnb in business.
• 2009
  • The Millennium Tower opens, later sinking and tilting.
  • Uber begins operating.
  • FailCon begins.
  • San Francisco Appeal begins publication.[75]
  • Sister city relationships established with Bangalore, India; and Kraków, Poland.[55]
• 2010
  • The Bay Citizen and Ocean Beach Bulletin begin publication.[75]
  • Population: 805,235; metro 4,335,391.[76]
  • Sister city relationships established with Amman, Jordan; and Barcelona, Spain.[55]
• 2011
  • January 11: Ed Lee becomes mayor.
  • November 8: San Francisco mayoral election, 2011.
  • TechCrunch Disrupt conference begins.
• 2013
  • San Francisco tech bus protests begin.
  • Civic Industries in business.[77]
• 2014 – San Francisco Giants baseball team win World Series contest.
• 2015 – Shooting of Kathryn Steinle.

See also

• History of San Francisco
• National Register of Historic Places listings in San Francisco, California
• List of pre-statehood mayors of San Francisco
• List of mayors of San Francisco (since 1850)
• Timelines of San Francisco's sister cities: Abidjan, Amman, Barcelona, Haifa, Kraków, Manila, Osaka, Paris, Seoul, Shanghai, Sydney, Zürich
• Timeline of the San Francisco Bay Area
• Timelines of other cities in the Northern California area of California: Fresno, Mountain View, Oakland, Sacramento, San Jose

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Bibliography

Published in the 1800s

• Bogardus' San Francisco, Sacramento city and Marysville business directory. 1850.
• Frank Soulé; John H. Gihon; James Nisbet (1855), Annals of San Francisco, New York: D. Appleton & Company, OL 13993482M
• San Francisco (article) (1870) The Overland Monthly, January 1870 Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 9–23. San Francisco: A. Roman & Co., Publishers
• Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich von Steinwehr (1874), "San Francisco", Centennial Gazetteer of the United States, Philadelphia: J.C. McCurdy & Company
• "San Francisco", Appleton's Illustrated Hand-Book of American Cities, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1876
• B.E. Lloyd (1876), Lights and Shades in San Francisco, San Francisco: Printed by A.L. Bancroft, OCLC 25178673, OL 271116M
• John S. Hittell (1878), A History of the City of San Francisco, San Francisco: A. L. Bancroft & Co., OL 17997645M
• San Francisco Street Directory and Guide, San Francisco: W.C. Disturnell, 1882, OL 24280093M
• Disturnell's Stranger's Guide to San Francisco and Vicinity, San Francisco: W.C. Disturnell, 1883
• Frederick H. Hackett, ed. (1884), Industries of San Francisco, San Francisco: Payot, Upham & Co., OL 25400583M
• "San Francisco". Western and Southern States. Appletons' General Guide to the United States and Canada. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1889.
• Joseph Sabin, ed. (1889). "San Francisco". Bibliotheca Americana. 18. New York. OCLC 13972268.
• Bay of San Francisco, the Metropolis of the Pacific Coast and Its Suburban Cities: a History, Lewis Publishing Company, 1892, OCLC 8666576
• Mary Roberts Smith (1895). "Almshouse Women: A Study of Two Hundred and Twenty-Eight Women in the City and County Almshouse of San Francisco". Publications of the American Statistical Association. 4 (31): 219–262. JSTOR 2967126.
• Faust's pocket map and guide with a complete street directory of San Francisco. H.W. Faust. 1898.

Published in the 1900s

1900s–1940s

• Robert C. Brooks (1901), "San Francisco", Bibliography of Municipal Problems and City Conditions, Municipal Affairs, 5 (2nd ed.), New York: Reform Club, OCLC 1855351
• San Francisco-Oakland Directory. Oakland: Walter S. Fry Co. 1907.
• "San Francisco", United States (4th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1909, OCLC 02338437
• "San Francisco", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Percy V. Long (1912). "Consolidated City and County Government of San Francisco". American Political Science Review. 6 (1): 109–121. JSTOR 4616983.
• Helen Throop Purdy (1912), San Francisco: As it Was, As It Is, and How to See It, P. Elder, OL 20459067M
• Edward Hungerford (1913), "San Francisco: the Newest Phoenix", The Personality of American Cities, New York: McBride, Nast & Company
• Frank Morton Todd (1914), Chamber of Commerce Handbook for San Francisco, San Francisco, OCLC 2650239, OL 23285599M
• Robert Ernest Cowan (1914), "San Francisco", Bibliography of the History of California and the Pacific West, 1510–1906, San Francisco: Book Club of California
• Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin and Albert Bushnell Hart, ed. (1914). "San Francisco". Cyclopedia of American Government. 3. D. Appleton and Company.
• Crocker-Langley San Francisco Directory. San Francisco: H.S. Crocker Co. 1917. hdl:2027/uc1.31158007441487.
• Samuel Williams (1921). City of the Golden Gate: A Description of San Francisco in 1875. San Francisco: Book Club of California.
• Directorio comercial de San Francisco, California, 1924 (in Spanish), San Francisco, Calif.: Juan Anino, 1924
• Federal Writers' Project (1940), "Chronology of the San Francisco Bay Region", San Francisco: The Bay and Its Cities, American Guide Series, NY: Hastings House

1950s–1990s

• Around the world in San Francisco: a guide book to the racial and ethnic minorities of the San Francisco-Oakland district, San Francisco: Abbey Press, 1955
• Frank Mazzi (1973). "Harbingers of the City: Men and Their Monuments in Nineteenth Century San Francisco". Southern California Quarterly. 55 (2): 141–162. doi:10.2307/41170474. JSTOR 41170474.
• Robert Mayer (1974), Howard B. Furer (ed.), San Francisco: a Chronological & Documentary History, 1542–1970, American Cities Chronology Series, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, ISBN 0379006146
• Neil L. Shumsky (1976). "San Francisco's Workingmen Respond to the Modern City". California Historical Quarterly. 55 (1): 46–57. doi:10.2307/25157608. JSTOR 25157608.
• Maupin, Armistead (1978). Tales of the City. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-096404-7. OCLC 29847673.
• Ferlinghetti, Lawrence (1980). Literary San Francisco: A pictorial history from its beginnings to the present day. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-250325-1. OCLC 6683688.
• Ory Mazar Nergal, ed. (1980), "San Francisco", Encyclopedia of American Cities, New York: E.P. Dutton, OL 4120668M
• Margolin, Malcolm (1981). The Ohlone Way: Indian Life in the San Francisco-Monterey Bay Area. Heydey Books. ISBN 978-0-930588-01-4. OCLC 4628382.
• Joseph A. Blum (1984). "South San Francisco: The Making of an Industrial City". California History. 63 (2): 114–134. doi:10.2307/25158206. JSTOR 25158206.
• Asbury, Hubert (1989). The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld. Dorset Press. ISBN 978-0-88029-428-7. OCLC 22719465.
• Lotchin, Roger W. (1997). San Francisco, 1846–1856: From Hamlet to City. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06631-3. OCLC 35650934.
• "San Francisco, California". Encyclopedia of Urban America. ABC-CLIO. 1998. ISBN 9780874368468 – via Credo Reference.(subscription required)

Published in the 2000s

• Hartman, Chester (2002). City for Sale: The Transformation of San Francisco. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08605-0. OCLC 48579085.
• San Francisco, Lonely Planet, 2002, OL 8647758M
• Chris Carlsson and Lisa Ruth Elliott, ed. (2010), Ten years that shook the city: San Francisco 1968–1978, San Francisco: City Lights Books, ISBN 978-1931404129
• Solnit, Rebecca. Infinite City: A San Francisco Atlas (University of California Press, 2010). 144 pp. ISBN 978-0-520-26250-8
• Richard Hu (2012), Urban Design In Downtown San Francisco: A Paradigm Shift? – via International Planning History Society
• Erica J. Peters (2013). San Francisco: A Food Biography. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0759121539.
• Susan Crawford; et al. (2014), Community Fiber in Washington, D.C., Seattle, WA, and San Francisco, CA: Developments and Lessons Learned, Berkman Center Research Publication, SSRN 2439429 – via Social Science Research Network
• Michael Kimmelman (May 29, 2014), "Urban Renewal, No Bulldozer: San Francisco Repurposes Old for the Future", New York Times

External links

• "Decades". Found SF. Shaping San Francisco.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to San Francisco, various dates
• Noah Veltman. "History of SF Place Names".