Trachealis muscle

The trachealis muscle is a sheet of smooth muscle in the trachea.

Trachealis muscle
Details
NerveVagus nerve and upper thoracic spinal nerves
ActionsConstricts trachea
Identifiers
LatinMusculus trachealis
TA98A06.3.01.005
TA23219
FMA7466
Anatomical terms of muscle

Structure

The trachealis muscle lies posterior to the trachea and anterior to the oesophagus.[1] It bridges the gap between the free ends of C-shaped rings of cartilage at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent to the oesophagus.[1][2][3] This completes the ring of cartilages of the trachea.[3] The trachealis muscle also supports a thin cartilage on the inside of the trachea.[4] It is the only smooth muscle present in the trachea.[5]

Function

The primary function of the trachealis muscle is to constrict the trachea, allowing air to be expelled with more force, such as during coughing.[2]

Clinical significance

Tracheomalacia may involve hypotonia of the trachealis muscle.[6]

The trachealis muscle may become stiffer during ageing, which makes the whole trachea less elastic.[7]

In infants, the insertion of an oesophagogastroduodenoscope into the oesophagus may compress the trachealis muscle, and narrow the trachea.[8] This can result in reduced airflow to the lungs.[8] Infants may be intubated to make sure that the trachea is fixed open.[8]

See also

References
  1. Lumb, Andrew B (2017-01-01), Lumb, Andrew B (ed.), "Chapter 1 - Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract", Nunn's Applied Respiratory Physiology (Eighth Edition), Elsevier, pp. 3–16.e1, ISBN 978-0-7020-6294-0, retrieved 2021-01-21
  2. Ross, Michael H.; Pawlina, Wojciech (2005), Histology a Text and Atlas (5th edition), LWW, p. 617, ISBN 0781750563
  3. Leslie, Kevin O.; Wick, Mark R. (2018-01-01), Leslie, Kevin O.; Wick, Mark R. (eds.), "1 - Lung Anatomy", Practical Pulmonary Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach (Third Edition), Elsevier, pp. 1–14.e2, ISBN 978-0-323-44284-8, retrieved 2021-01-23
  4. Rosado-de-Christenson, Melissa L.; Carter, Brett W., eds. (2016-01-01), "Approach to Tracheobronchial Neoplasms", Specialty Imaging: Thoracic Neoplasms, Specialty Imaging, Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp. 230–235, ISBN 978-0-323-37706-5, retrieved 2021-01-23
  5. Shaffer, Thomas H.; Penn, Raymond B.; Wolfson, Marla R. (2017-01-01), Polin, Richard A.; Abman, Steven H.; Rowitch, David H.; Benitz, William E. (eds.), "66 - Upper Airway Structure: Function, Regulation, and Development", Fetal and Neonatal Physiology (Fifth Edition), Elsevier, pp. 676–685.e2, ISBN 978-0-323-35214-7, retrieved 2021-01-23
  6. Wert, Susan E. (2017-01-01), Polin, Richard A.; Abman, Steven H.; Rowitch, David H.; Benitz, William E. (eds.), "61 - Normal and Abnormal Structural Development of the Lung", Fetal and Neonatal Physiology (Fifth Edition), Elsevier, pp. 627–641.e3, ISBN 978-0-323-35214-7, retrieved 2021-01-23
  7. Morgenroth, Konrad; Ebsen, Michael (2008-01-01), Papadakos, PETER J.; Lachmann, BURKHARD; Visser-Isles, Laraine (eds.), "CHAPTER 8 - Anatomy", Mechanical Ventilation, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 69–85, ISBN 978-0-7216-0186-1, retrieved 2021-01-23
  8. Cravero, Joseph P.; Landrigan-Ossar, Mary (2019-01-01), Coté, Charles J.; Lerman, Jerrold; Anderson, Brian J. (eds.), "46 - Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room", A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children (Sixth Edition), Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp. 1077–1094.e4, ISBN 978-0-323-42974-0, retrieved 2021-01-23
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