Transport in Mauritius

Transportation in Mauritius is characterized by the network of roadways, ports, and airports. The island was originally only accessible by boat until 1922, when the first flight landed in Mauritius.[1]

Rail transport
Main article: Rail transport in Mauritius

There are currently no railways in Mauritius. There were previously industrial railways,[2] but these have been abandoned. A railway system existed from the 1860s to the 1960s. Due to persistent unprofitability from 1948 to 1953, it was finally closed in 1964. To cope with increasing road traffic congestion, a light rail system has been proposed between Curepipe and Port Louis with the assistance of an Indian Conpany. The project consists of two phases. The first phase, Port Louis to Rose Hill, went operational in January 2020.

When completed, the system would cover a distance of some 25 km, with some 19 stations, many located in town centres along the route where existing transport terminals already exist. The end-to-end journey time would be approximately 41 minutes and coaches would be air-conditioned. Headways would vary by time of day, but are expected to be of the order of 6 minutes in peak periods. Access to stations would be by an integrated system of comfortable and reliable feeder buses.[3]

Motorized transport

History

At the beginning of 1860, the transport of passengers and goods was undertaken by about 2,000 horses, 4,000 donkeys and 4,500 carriages and carts.[4] With the advent of the railways, and later of motorized transport, animal based transport systems declined on the island.

In January 1901, the first two-seater car, imported by Goupilles & Cies, was disembarked. In October of that same year, the Union Regnard sugar estate (Now F.U.E.L) received the first motorized truck of British origin, capable of transporting up to 5 tons.[5]

In 1930, the island had 3,016 vehicles: around 2,401 private cars, 300 taxis, 303 trucks, 92 buses and 220 motorcycles. In 1950, vehicles numbered in the 5,161 and went up to 13,291 in 1960 with the decline of the railways. In 1970, the number of vehicles nearly doubled, going to 25,389 motorised vehicles. This included 12,546 cars, 4,171 trucks, 722 buses and 5,383 motorcycles.[1] Public transport, in the form of buses, grew in line with the demographic and economic growth of the island. Thus, buses numbered 186 in 1950, 488 in 1960, 722 in 1970 and 1,490 in 1980.[6]

As of June 2011, 392,276 vehicles are registered on the island. 46% consists of cars and dual-purpose vehicles and 41% of motorized two-wheelers. The remaining 13% consists of vans, lorries and trucks, buses and other vehicles.[7]

National Transport Authority

The National Transport Authority (NTA) is the governmental department established under the Road Traffic Act in 1980 whose main responsibility is the regulation and control of road transport in Mauritius and Rodrigues. It falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Public Infrastructure, Land Transport and Shipping. The responsibility for the administration of the NTA rests with the Road Transport Commissioner.

The NTA also has a board constituted under section 73 of the Road Traffic Act. The Board consists of a Chairman appointed by the Minister and 10 other members. The board is responsible to hear and decide on the applications for licenses for the transport of goods and passengers; and disciplinary proceedings instituted against transport operators, drivers and conductors of public service vehicles for offences committed under the Act.[8]

The other responsibilities of this governmental department are:

  • registration and transfer of ownership of motor vehicles;
  • licensing of public service vehicles and goods vehicles as well as petrol service stations;
  • collection of road tax and other licence fees;
  • examination of motor vehicles as to their road-worthiness;
  • licensing of bus conductors;
  • enforcement of road transport legislation and monitoring the level of service of public transport;
  • enforcement of parking regulations;
  • keeping statistics relating to motor vehicles; and
  • planning of new transport services.

Road network

There are 2,066 kilometres (1,284 mi) of roads in Mauritius, of which 48.5% are main roads, 28.7% are secondary roads, 3.6% are motorways and the remaining 19.2% are made up of other types of roads. The number of vehicles per km of road is at 177 as of 2009.[9] The bus network is quite extensive and is organized around Port Louis. New air-conditioned buses have been introduced to link Port Louis with the main residential areas of the island.

The motorway network includes three main motorways, that are rather classified as freeways, these are:

Bus network

Mauritius has a widespread bus network with around 220 bus lines and roughly 900 bus stops.[12] They are operated by a number of major companies (National Transport Corporation, Mauritius Bus Transport, Rose Hill Transport, Triolet Bus Service, United Bus Service, Luna Transport and Perle de la savanne) and various individual operators which are organized in regional Bus Owners Co-operative Societies (BOCS). The bus prices are regulated by the Government of Mauritius. However, there is no such thing as an operator independent ticket which could be used across the island.

Water transport

Ports and harbours

Port Louis is the main port in Mauritius. Port Mathurin is the main port on Rodrigues Island. Mauritius was only accessible by boat until 1922, when the first flight landed in Mauritius

Merchant marine


total: 8 ships (1,000 GT or over) totaling 550142 GT/90,017 tonnes deadweight (DWT)
ships by type: cargo 2, combination bulk 2, container 2, cargo 2
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, India 3, Norway 1, Switzerland 2 (2002 est.)

Air transport

History

The first recorded flight, with takeoff from Mauritius, was undertaken on 2 June 1922 by Major F.W.Honnet. The plane, a mono-engine biplane, christened Maurice, had come by boat. For the inaugural flight, the land at the Gymkhana, Vacoas was converted into an improvised airport.[1]

On 10 September 1933, two French pilots, Maurice Samat and Paul Louis Lemerle, flew from Reunion Island to Mauritius on a Potez 43 plane called Monique. The pilots landed in Mon-Choisy in the north of the island. On 4 October of the same year, a Mauritian pilot, Jean Hily, took off from Mon-Choisy for Réunion island. However, he never made it and was lost at sea.[1] For some years that followed, the Mon-Choisy strip was used as an airport for the rare airplanes that landed on the island. However, in 1942, with the entry of Japan into the Second World War, the island gained a strategic importance in the Indian Ocean and thus the British government hastily built a new airport in the south of the island at Plaisance. On 24 November 1943, the first military airplane, a Dakota of the Royal Air Force (R.A.F) coming from Nairobi with a stopover at Madagascar, landed in Plaisance.

In 1945, with the end of the war, the airport was opened to the civil aviation. Thus, on 10 February of that year, a Junker 52 of the Réseau des Liaisons Aériennes Francaises (R.L.A.F), later known as Air France, landed in Plaisance. Since 1945, the R.L.A.F operated the Paris-Mauritius line. The journey of 6 days and 7 stops included Antananarivo and Reunion island. In 1946, the R.A.F handed over the Plaisance airport to the Mauritian authorities.

Air France became the first commercial aviation company to come to Mauritius. As from 1947, it's DC4, transporting 44 passengers, undertook the Paris-Mauritius in 3 days, including night time flight, with 12 stops in between. The following year, the British company SkyWays initiated a weekly flight on the Plaisance-Nairobi line. The introduction of Boeings as from 1961 sensibly reduced the travel time on this line. Even though Mauritius was a British colony, the British Overseas Airways Corporation (B.O.A.C) began to come to Mauritius only from 1962. The Mauritius-London itinerary took 26 hours, with 4 stops. In 1967, a Boeing 707, capable of carrying 160 passengers was introduced on the Paris-Mauritius line, decreasing the travel time to 18 hours.[1]

Initially, Mauritian civil and commercial aviation developed under the impulsion of Rogers & Co Company. The aviation department within Rogers was created by Amédée Maingard on his return from the Second World War. In June 1967, the national company, Air Mauritius was created. The Mauritian government, British Airways, Air France and Air India were the initial stakeholders in this initiative, with Rogers an active supporter. Amédée Maingard became the first president of Air Mauritius and Jean Ribet the general manager.[6] In December 1972, Air Mauritius landed a Piper-Navajo (twin-engined plane of 6 places), rented from Air Madagascar, in Rodrigues. Then, as from 1975, a Havilland Twin Otter of 16 places was used on the Mauritius-Rodrigues route.[13]

Airports

As of 2014, there are 2 airports in Mauritius and its dependencies
International Airport (Mauritius island): Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport

Runways and length Amount Airport(s)
Paved, total 2
Paved, over 3,047 meters 1 Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport, Plaine Magnien
Paved, 914 to 1,523 meters 1 Sir Gaëtan Duval Airport, Plaine Corail
Unpaved, total 2
Unpaved, 914 to 1,523 meters 1 ?
Unpaved, under 914 meters 1 ?

See also

References
  1. Nagapen, Amédée (2010). Histoire de la Colonie: Isle de France - Ile Maurice (1721-1968). Editions de L'Océan Indien. p. 138. ISBN 978-99903-0-619-4.
  2. "Newspaper Article". Retrieved 30 November 2010.
  3. "Light Rail Transit". Ministry of Public Infrastructure, National Development Unit, Land Transport & Shipping - Light Rail Transit. Ministry of Public Infrastructure, National Development Unit, Land Transport & Shipping. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  4. Nagapen, Amédée (2010). Histoire de la Colonies: Isle de France - Ile Maurice (1721-1968). Editions de L'Océan Indien. p. 92. ISBN 978-99903-0-619-4.
  5. Nagapen, Amédée (2010). Histoire de la Colonie: Isle de France - Ile Maurice (1721-1968). Editions de pd Indien. p. 121. ISBN 978-99903-0-619-4.
  6. Nagapen, Amédée (2010). Histoire de la Colonie: Isle de France - Ile Maurice (1721-1968). Editions de L'Océan Indien. pp. 153–154. ISBN 978-99903-0-619-4.
  7. Statistics Mauritius. "Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics: January - June 2011– Highlights". Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics (Island of Mauritius). Statistics Mauritius. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  8. National Transport Authority. "About Us". National Transport Authority - About Us. National Transport Authority. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  9. "Digest of Road Transport & Road Accident Statistics 2009" (PDF). Digest of Road Transport & Road Accident Statistics 2009. Statistics Mauritius. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  10. "List of Classified Roads" (PDF) (PDF). Road Development Authority.
  11. "Terre Rouge-Verdun Link Road: Emergency Preliminary Works Required". Republic of Mauritius. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  12. "Mauritius online bus route enquiry". Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  13. Nagapen, Amédée (2010). Histoire de la Colonie: Isle de France - Ile Maurice (1721-1968). Editions de L'Océan Indien. p. 187. ISBN 978-99903-0-619-4.
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