Turbomeca Astazou

The Turbomeca Astazou is a highly successful series of turboprop and turboshaft engines, first run in 1957. The original version weighed 110 kg (243 lb) and developed 240 kW (320 shp) at 40,000 rpm. It was admitted for aviation service on May 29, 1961, after a 150-hour test run. The main developing engineer was G. Sporer. It was named after two summits of the Pyrenees.

Astazou
Turbomeca Astazou
Type Turboshaft/Turboprop
National origin France
Manufacturer Turbomeca
First run 1957
Major applications Aérospatiale Gazelle
Handley Page Jetstream

A simplified version was built by Agusta as the Turbomeca-Agusta TA.230.

Design and development

The Astazou IIA version was derived from the original Astazou powerplant for use in helicopters. By 1993, 2,200 had been built. As of 2007, it was still in production. However, many aircraft initially equipped with it, especially the heavier ones, have since been upgraded with more powerful engines.

The early single-shaft Astazou has a two-stage compressor, with the first stage an axial and the second stage a radial design. It has an annular combustion chamber, after which the combustion gases enter a three-stage axial turbine.

Engines have a reduction gearbox in front of the air inlet, with an output speed suitable for a propeller or, for helicopters, as the first stage only of the much bigger reduction required for a rotor. Fuel to the gas generator is adjusted automatically to maintain a constant propeller or rotor speed as blade pitch varies.

Handley Page HP.137 Jetstream, with twin Astazou XIV, showing the distinctive annular air inlet and long reduction gear housing

As of the Astazou X, the engine received a second axial compressor stage. This was the engine for the Potez 840. The Astazou XIV and XVI were also marketed by Rolls-Royce Turboméca International Ltd under the names AZ14 and AZ16, respectively.

Power was steadily increased over the years, with the Eurocopter Dauphin's dual Astazou XVIII developing 783 kW each. The Astazou XX received a third axial stage, raising compression even further to achieve a projected output of 1,075 kW (1,442 hp) in the turboprop application. The XXB derivative, used in the single engine Aérospatiale SA 361H Dauphin, delivered 1,043 kW (1,399 shp).

Variants
Astazou I
Astazou II
Single-stage axial plus single-stage centrifugal compressor, annular combustor, three-stage turbine
Astazou IIA
Astazou III
Astazou IIIA
Astazou IIIC
Astazou IIIC2
Astazou IIIN
Astazou IIIN2
Astazou VI
Coupled Astazou 1,100 kW (1,480 shp)
Astazou X
The X and subsequent engines had a second axial compressor stage added.
Astazou XII
Astazou XIV
Two-stage axial plus single-stage centrifugal compressor, annular combustor, three-stage turbine. Integral front mounted

gearbox.

Astazou XIVA
Astazou XIVB
Astazou XIVD
Astazou XIVC
Astazou XIVH
Astazou XIVM
Astazou XVI
Astazou XVIII
Astazou XVIIIA
Astazou XX
A third axial compressor stage added for increased pressure ratio.
Astazou XXB
Turbomeca-Agusta TA.230
(aka TAA-230)A simplified version built by Agusta.[1]
Rolls-Royce Turboméca AZ14
The Astazou XIV marketed by Rolls-Royce Turboméca International Ltd as the AZ14
Rolls-Royce Turboméca AZ16
The Astazou XVI marketed by Rolls-Royce Turboméca International Ltd as the AZ16

Applications

Fixed-wing aircraft

Helicopters

Specifications (Astazou XVI)

Data from Aircraft engines of the World 1970[3]

General characteristics

  • Type: Turboprop
  • Length: 2,000 mm (79 in) including propeller
  • Diameter: 546 mm (21.5 in)
  • Frontal area: 0.23 m2 (2.5 sq ft)
  • Dry weight: 206 kg (454 lb)

Components

  • Compressor: 2-stage axial + 1-stage centrifugal
  • Combustors: Annular combustion chamber
  • Turbine: 3-stage axial turbine
  • Fuel type: Aviation Kerosene such as Jet A-1, JP-4 and JP-5
  • Oil system: Pressure spray at 3.0 bar (44 psi) with scavenge

Performance

  • Maximum power output:
  • Take-off power: 811 kW (1,088 shp) (equivalent) (766 kW (1,027 shp) + 0.67 kN (150 lbf)) at 43,000 rpm (static)
  • Max. Continuous power: 743 kW (996 shp) (equivalent) (699 kW (937 shp) + 0.64 kN (145 lbf)) at 43,000 rpm (static)
  • Overall pressure ratio: 8.15:1
  • Air mass flow: 3.35 kg/s (443 lb/min) at 43,000 rpm
  • Specific fuel consumption: 0.30 kg/kW/h (0.5 lb/shp/h) (equivalent)
  • Power-to-weight ratio: 3.9 kW/kg (2.4 shp/lb) (equivalent)
Parameter II[4] IIA IIIC2/N2 X XIVB/F XIVH XIVM XVI[3]
Max output 390 kW (523 shp) 390 kW (523 shp) 480 kW (644 shp) 465 kW (624 shp) 440 kW (590 shp) 440 kW (590 shp) 440 kW (590 shp) 811 kW (1,088 shp)
Length 1,810 mm (71.3 in) 1,427.5 mm (56.2 in) 1,433.5 mm (56.4 in) 1,912 mm (75.3 in) 1,434 mm (56.5 in) 1,470 mm (57.9 in) 1,474 mm (58.0 in) 2,000 mm (79 in)
Diameter 460 mm (18.1 in) 460 mm (18.1 in) 460 mm (18.1 in) 460 mm (18.1 in) 460 mm (18.1 in) 460 mm (18.1 in) 460 mm (18.1 in) 546 mm (21.5 in)
Width 516 mm (20.3 in) 483 mm (19.0 in) 520 mm (20.5 in) 500 mm (19.7 in) 460 mm (18.1 in)
Height 560 mm (22.0 in) 508 mm (20.0 in) 623.5 mm (24.5 in) 565 mm (22.2 in) 570 mm (22.4 in)
Weight 123 kg (271.2 lb) 142 kg (313.1 lb) 150.3 kg (331.4 lb) 128 kg (282.2 lb) 160 kg (352.7 lb) 160 kg (352.7 lb) 160 kg (352.7 lb) 206 kg (454 lb)
Air mass flow 2.5 kg (5.5 lb)/sec 3.35 kg/s (443 lb/min)
Pressure ratio 6:1 7.5:1 8:1 8:1 8:1 8.15:1

See also

Related development

Related lists

References
  1. Wilkinson, Paul H. (1964). Aircraft engines of the World 1964/65 (20th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. p. 186.
  2. "Aircraft". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  3. Wilkinson, Paul H. (1970). Aircraft engines of the World 1970 (21st ed.). Washington D.C.: Paul H. Wilkinson. p. 182.
  4. Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.

Further reading
  • Gunston, Bill (1986). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens. p. 164.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.