Turduli Veteres

The Turduli Veteres, translated as "Ancient Turduli" or "Old Turduli" were an ancient pre-Roman tribe of present day Portugal, akin to the Calaicians or Gallaeci and Lusitanians.

Main language areas in Iberia c. 300 BC
Migrations of pre-Romanic tribes in the territory of present-day Portugal: Pink: Turduli Brown: Celtici Blue: Lusitani

Location

The Turduli Veteres territory was located south of the estuary of the river Douro, in the north of modern Portugal, being neighbors of the Paesuri.[1][2] Their capital was Langobriga, or Longroiva (now Fiães, Santa Maria da Feira); other Turduli Veteres inhabited regions were Talabriga (in the vicinity of Branca, Albergaria-a-Velha) possibly Oppidum Vacca (Cabeço do Vouga), and they also lived in the region of Vila Nova de Gaia as evidenced by the two bronze plaques (Tesserae Hospitales) found in Monte Murado in Pedroso.

History

The Turduli Veteres appear to have originated as an off-shot of the Turduli of ancient south-west Iberia. Alongside the Celtici, the Turduli Veteres migrated northwards around the 5th century BC,[3][4][5] before settling in a coastal region situated along the lower Douro and Vacca (Vouga) river basins (i.e. north-western parts of present-day Beira Litoral).

Unlike related and neighbouring peoples, the Turduli Veteres did not fall under Carthaginian rule during the later 3rd Century BC. Neither is there any evidence that they took part in the 2nd Punic War. It is still not clear if they played any significant role in the Lusitanian Wars of the 2nd century BC. Moreover, the Turduli Veteres, unlike the Turduli Oppidani (located in coastal areas of modern Portugal), appear to have remained independent until the late 2nd century BC and to have resisted attempts to incorporate them into federations, by the Lusitani and Gallaeci.

Roman incursions, dominance & Romanization

Being relatively unaccustomed to interaction with and dominance by other peoples, the Turduli Veteres (like the Lusitani and Gallaeci), bore the brunt of the first Roman forays into north-west Iberia. According to Roman accounts, the Veteres assisted the Lusitani in attempting to resist the Romans; in retaliation, during 138-136 BC, the Roman Consul Decimus Junius Brutus temporarily occupied the Veteres' stronghold of Talabriga and laid waste a significant proportion of the Veteres' lands.[6] In 61-60 BC, the Veteres and the Oppidani were defeated and incorporated into Hispania Ulterior province by the Propraetor Julius Caesar.[7] In 27–13, the Veteres were aggregated into the Roman province of Lusitania (during the reign of Emperor Augustus).

See also

Notes
  1. Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, IV, 21.
  2. Pomponius Mela, De Chorographia, III, 1.
  3. Strabo, Geographikon, III, 3, 5.
  4. Pomponius Mela, De Chorographia, III, 8.
  5. Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, IV, 112-113.
  6. Appian, Iberiké, 73.
  7. Cassius Dio, Romaïké istoría, 37, 52-55.

References
  • Ángel Montenegro et alii, Historia de España 2 - colonizaciones y formación de los pueblos prerromanos (1200-218 a.C), Editorial Gredos, Madrid (1989) ISBN 84-249-1386-8
  • Alberto Lorrio J. Alvarado, Los Celtíberos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Murcia (1997) ISBN 84-7908-335-2
  • Francisco Burillo Mozota, Los Celtíberos, etnias y estados, Crítica, Barcelona (1998, revised edition 2007) ISBN 84-7423-891-9
  • Jorge de Alarcão, O Domínio Romano em Portugal, Publicações Europa-América, Lisboa (1988) ISBN 972-1-02627-1
  • Jorge de Alarcão et alii, De Ulisses a Viriato – O primeiro milénio a.C., Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Instituto Português de Museus, Lisboa (1996) ISBN 972-8137-39-7
  • Luis Berrocal-Rangel, Los pueblos célticos del soroeste de la Península Ibérica, Editorial Complutense, Madrid (1992) ISBN 84-7491-447-7
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