Typhoon Sanba

Typhoon Sanba, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Karen, was the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2012. The sixteenth named storm and tenth typhoon of the annual typhoon season, Sanba formed as a tropical depression east of The Philippines on September 10. The storm gradually intensified as it moved generally northward in an area favorable for tropical development. The system was soon upgraded to a tropical storm less than a day after formation and subsequently further to a typhoon on September 12. Later that day, Sanba entered a phase of explosive intensification, quickly strengthening and gaining annular characteristics. On September 13, the system attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h),[nb 1] and a barometric pressure of 900 mbar (hPa; 26.58 inHg), becoming the strongest typhoon in the Western Pacific Ocean since Megi in 2010. Accelerating towards more northerly latitudes, a period of gradual weakening ensued afterwards as its eye expanded. It made landfall on South Korea late on September 17 as a typhoon before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone the following day. Sanba's remnants tracked into the Primorsky Krai region of eastern Russia before they were last noted on September 19.

Typhoon Sanba (Karen)
Typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Sanba at peak intensity on September 14th, 2012
FormedSeptember 10, 2012
DissipatedSeptember 19, 2012
(Extratropical after September 18, 2012)
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 205 km/h (125 mph)
1-minute sustained: 285 km/h (180 mph)
Lowest pressure900 hPa (mbar); 26.58 inHg
Fatalities6 total
Damage$361 million (2012 USD)
Areas affectedPalau, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, China, Russia
Part of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season

Passing just to the west of Japan, Sanba caused extensive losses to agriculture, forestry, and fishing industries on the islands of Okinawa Prefecture. Further inland on Kōchi and Gifu Prefectures, heavy rains damaged agricultural regions and washed out numerous roads. Losses on both prefectures totalled to ¥2.5 billion (US$31.8 million).[nb 2] Upon its landfall on the Korean Peninsula on September 17, it became the first time in 50 years that the peninsula had been struck by at least four typhoons in a single year.[1] In South Korea, torrential rainfall also washed out road systems and inundated crop land, as well as damaged infrastructure. Losses there associated with Sanba totaled to ₩365.7 billion (US$328 million). In North Korea, the heavy precipitation worsened preexisting flood conditions initially started by Tropical Storm Khanun two months prior. In all, the typhoon killed six people and caused US$361 million in losses.

Meteorological history
Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

A low-pressure area formed east of Palau on September 9 and gradually drifted westward.[2] Early on September 10, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded it to a tropical depression, before the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system later that day and also upgraded it to a tropical depression late on the same day, as Sanba started to become more organized, with the banding of thunderstorms strengthened, and wrapped more tightly into the low level circulation center .[3][4][5]

As the system entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility early on September 11, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) started to advisories on the system and named it Karen.[6] At the same time, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Sanba, and the JTWC also upgraded it to a tropical storm later.[7]

Typhoon Sanba approaching South Korea on September 16

On September 12, the JTWC reported that Sanba had strengthened into a category 1 typhoon. Late on the same day, Sanba began explosive intensification, prompting the JMA upgrading it to a severe tropical storm and even a typhoon later. On September 13, the JTWC reported that Sanba had rapidly strengthened into category 2 typhoon to category 4 typhoon, as it became an Annular Typhoon, with a 37 kilometer wide eye. The system's central dense overcast also became more compacted, at around the same time. Late on September 13, the JTWC reported that Sanba strengthened into a category 5 super typhoon, and had intensified into the strongest typhoon in the western north pacific since Megi in 2010. On September 15, as the system started to weaken into a category 3 typhoon, the well defined eye wall dissipated, and started to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle, and soon ended up with a 70 kilometer wide eye.

On September 17, at 01:00 (UTC) Sanba made landfall over Korea.

Impact

Japan

In Kōchi Prefecture, 222 ha (550 acres) of agricultural land was damaged by the storm, with losses reaching ¥50 million (US$640,000).[8] Throughout Okinawa, damage to agriculture, forestry, and fisheries amounted to ¥947 million (US$12.1 million).[9] Heavy rains from the storm in Gifu Prefecture triggered numerous landslides and caused significant flooding that washed out hundreds of roads. Losses in the prefecture reached ¥1.5 billion (US$19.1 million).[10]

South Korea

Across South Korea, heavy rains from the storm washed out numerous roads and flooded cropland. Numerous structures along rivers were damaged or destroyed by flooding. Across the nation, four people were killed and the damage from the typhoon reached ₩365.7 billion (US$328 million).[11]

Russia

The extratropical remnants of Sanba brought flooding to Primorsky Krai. In Artyom, more than 300 ha (740 acres) of crops were inundated. Preliminary losses over the region were estimated to be ₽40 million (US$1.29 million).[12]

See also

Notes
  1. All winds are in ten-minute sustained standards, as per the Japan Meteorological Agency, unless otherwise stated.
  2. All monetary values are based on the value of its respective currency during 2012.

References
  1. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2012/09/17/73/0302000000AEN20120917002153315F.HTML
  2. "Tropical Cyclone Alert 091900". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  3. "Tropical Cyclone Advisory 100000". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 101400". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  5. "Tropical Cyclone Warning 001 - Tropical Storm Sanba". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  6. "Weather Bulletin Number ONE". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  7. "Tropical Cyclone Advisory 110000". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  8. "Archived copy" 行政ファイル：台風１６号の県内被害は５０００万円 ／高知. 毎日新聞 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. September 20, 2012. Archived from the original on February 18, 2013. Retrieved September 20, 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. "Archived copy" 台風１６号被害　９億円超　県内引き続き調査. 琉球新報 (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. September 20, 2012. Archived from the original on February 18, 2013. Retrieved September 20, 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. 多園尚樹 (September 25, 2012). "Archived copy" 台風１６号被害、西濃中心に１５億円 (in Japanese). Chunichi Shimbun. Archived from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved September 25, 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. 강한 태풍 '솔릭' 한반도 접근 중...'관통하는 태풍'은 6년 만 (in Korean). Chosun Ilbo. August 19, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  12. Ущерб фермерам Приморья от тайфуна "Санба" оценивается в 40 млн руб (in Russian). Interfax. September 19, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
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