USS Hancock (1776)

The second Hancock was one of the first 13 frigates of the Continental Navy. A resolution of the Continental Congress of British North America 13 December 1775 authorized her construction; she was named for John Hancock. In her career she served under the American, British and French flags.

For other ships with the same name, see USS Hancock, HMS Iris, and French ship Iris.

Continental frigates Hancock and Boston capturing British frigate Fox, 7 June 1777
History
United States
Name: USS Hancock
Namesake: John Hancock
Launched: 3 June 1776
Fate: Captured by HMS Rainbow, 8 July 1777
Great Britain
Name: HMS Iris
Acquired: 8 July 1777
Fate: Captured by Heron, 9 September 1781
France
Name: Iris
Acquired: 9 September 1781[1]
Fate: Sold at Rochefort in 1783
General characteristics
Type: Frigate
Tons burthen: 763 bm
Length:

136 ft 7 in (41.63 m)

keel 115 ft 10 in (35.31 m)
Beam: 35 ft 6 in (10.82 m)
Depth: 11 ft (3.4 m)
Complement: 290 officers and men
Armament:
  • 24 × 12-pounder (5 kg) guns
  • 10 × 6-pounder (2.7 kg) guns

As Hancock

Hancock was built at Newburyport, Massachusetts, and placed under command of Captain John Manley 17 April 1776. After a long delay in fitting out and manning, she departed Boston, Massachusetts On 21 May 1777 in company with Continental frigate Boston and the Massachusetts privateer American Tartar for a cruise in the North Atlantic. American Tartar parted from the two frigates shortly thereafter.

On 29 May the frigates captured a small brig loaded with cordage and duck. The next day they encountered a convoy of transports escorted by British 64-gun ship Somerset which set sail to close Hancock. Manley was saved by clever and well-timed action of Boston, which forced Somerset to give up the chase by taking on the transports.

After escaping from Somerset, the two frigates sailed to the northeast until 7 June when they engaged the Royal Navy's 28-gun frigate Fox, which tried to outsail her American enemies. Hancock gave chase and soon overhauled Fox, which lost her mainmast and suffered other severe damage in the ensuing duel. About an hour later, Boston joined the battle and compelled Fox to strike her colors.[2]

Hancock spent the next few days repairing the prize and then resumed cruising along the coast of New England. East of Cape Sable she took a British coal sloop which she towed until the next morning when the approach of a British squadron prompted Manley to set the coal sloop ablaze and leave her adrift. The British frigate HMS Flora recaptured Fox after a hot action.[2]

Boston became separated from Hancock, which tried to outsail her pursuers. Early in the morning 8 July 1777 the British were within striking distance. Rainbow began to score with her bowchasers and followed with a series of broadsides. Hancock was thus finally forced to strike her colors after a chase of some 39 hours. She had 239 men of her crew aboard, 50 some being on Fox. She also had Captain Fotheringham of Fox and 40 of his people on board. The rest were on Boston and a couple of fishing vessels.[2]

As HMS Iris

Hancock, renamed Iris, served the British Navy so effectively that her new owners boasted of her as "the finest and fastest frigate in the world."

On 21 and 23 April 1780 Iris, Delaware, and Otter captured the American privateers Amazon, '"General Wayne, and Neptune.[3] The capture had taken place a few leagues from Sandy Hook and Iris and Delaware brought them into New York on 1 May.[Note 1]

The most famous of the many prizes which made her officers wealthy men was the capture on 28 August 1781 of the American 28-gun ship Trumbull. Trumbull carried 32 guns and 200 men. Iris captured her after an engagement of about an hour in which Iris lost one man killed and six wounded, while Trumbull had two men killed and 10 wounded.[5]

In the aftermath of the Battle of the Chesapeake, admirals Graves and Hood left the Chesapeake waters; the French set a solid screen of fast frigates to intercept enemy shipping. Prior to retreating, Hood dispatched two frigates, Iris and Richmond, to General Cornwallis in Yorktown. On 9 September 1781, four French frigates intercepted them; Richmond fell back and surrendered first, then the French frigate Aigrette,[6] under captain Traversay, captured Iris. Traversay boarded Iris, assumed command and held it till the end of war.

As Royal French Iris

On 4 November 1781, Iris, with the main French fleet, sailed from Annapolis to the Antilles. In January 1782 Iris took part in the Battle of St. Kitts. Iris captured a small British sloop. On the eve of Battle of the Saintes Admiral de Grasse detached Iris to convoy unarmed troop transports; Iris completed her mission. In the late stages of the war Iris continued reconnaissance and cruising, and finally performed a diplomatic mission when she carried an offer of a ceasefire to British-occupied New York.

Fate

The French Navy sold Iris in 1784.[7]

See also

Notes, citation, and references

Notes

  1. Amazon, of eight guns, had a crew of 30 men under the command of Captain Stoddard. General Wayne, of 12 guns, had a crew of 45 men under the command of Captain Price. Neptune, of 16 guns, had a crew of 100 men under the command of Captain Young.[4]

Citations

  1. Roche (2005), p. 260.
  2. "No. 11798". The London Gazette. 19 August 1777. pp. 2–3.
  3. "No. 12264". The London Gazette. 22 January 1782. p. 3.
  4. Documents... (1914), p. 343.
  5. "No. 12227". The London Gazette. 22 September 1781. p. 1.
  6. Roche (2005), p. 26.
  7. Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 127.

References

  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
  • Documents Relating to the Revolutionary History of the State of New Jersey: Extracts from American newspapers, v. 1. 1776-1777. v. 2. 1778. v. 3. 1779. v. 4. Nov. 1, 1779-Sept. 30, 1780. v. 5. Oct. 1780-July 1782. (John L. Murphy Publishing Company).
  • Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours. 1. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922. (1671-1870)
  • Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships of the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-295-X.
  • Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-204-2.
  • This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
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