United States sanctions against China

The United States applies sanctions against China. The US maintained embargoes against China from the inception of the People's Republic of China in 1949 until 1972. An embargo was reimposed by the US following the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989. In 2020, the US imposed sanctions and visa restrictions against several Chinese government officials, in response to the Uyghur genocide and human rights abuses in Hong Kong and Tibet.

Sanctions in the early PRC (1949-1979)

After the establishment of Communist rule in China in 1949, an embargo against the sale of military technology or infrastructure, previously levied against the Soviet Union, was expanded to include the newly established People's Republic of China.[1] Following the onset of the Korean War, further trade restrictions were imposed.[2] The trade embargo was lifted under President Richard Nixon in 1972 right before the PRC opening up its economy and established official relations.[3]

Sanctions after the Tiananmen Square protests

Following the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989, the Bush Sr. administration imposed an arms embargo against the PRC after the massacre of the protesters.[4]

Sanctions under Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act
Main article: Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act

On July 9, 2020, the Trump administration imposed sanctions and visa restrictions against senior Chinese officials, including CCP Politburo member Chen Quanguo, Zhu Hailun, Wang Mingshan (王明山) and Huo Liujun (霍留军). With sanctions, they and their immediate relatives are barred from entering the US and will have US-based assets frozen.[5]

Sanctions under Hong Kong Autonomy Act
Main articles: Hong Kong Autonomy Act and Executive Order 13936

In August 2020, Chief Executive Carrie Lam and ten other Hong Kong government officials were sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury under an executive order by President Trump for undermining Hong Kong's autonomy.[6][7][8] The sanction is based on the Hong Kong Autonomy Act and Lam would be listed in the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List.

On December 7, 2020, pursuant to the order, the US Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions on entire 14 Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress of China, for "undermining Hong Kong's autonomy and restricting the freedom of expression or assembly".[9]

See also

References
  1. Cain, Frank (March 1, 2020). "America's trade embargo against China and the East in the Cold War Years". Journal of Transatlantic Studies. 18 (1): 19–35. doi:10.1057/s42738-019-00037-7 – via Springer Link.
  2. "Milestones: 1953–1960 - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov.
  3. Chen, Xin-zhu J. (2006). "China and the US Trade Embargo, 1950-1972". American Journal of Chinese Studies. 13 (2): 169–186 – via JSTOR.
  4. "U.S. and European Union Arms Sales Since the 1989 Embargoes" (PDF). www.gao.gov. April 28, 1998. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
  5. "US sanctions Chinese officials over Xinjiang 'violations'". www.bbc.com. July 9, 2020.
  6. "US sanctions Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam, police chief and 9 other top officials for 'undermining autonomy'". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  7. Macias, Amanda (7 August 2020). "U.S. sanctions Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam for carrying out Chinese 'policies of suppression'". CNBC. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  8. "Treasury Sanctions Individuals for Undermining Hong Kong's Autonomy". United States Department of the Treasury. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  9. "SPECIALLY DESIGNATED NATIONALS LIST UPDATE". 7 December 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.

See also
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