Ursinae

Ursinae
	A Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Ursidae
Subfamily:	Ursinae; Fischer de Waldheim, 1817
Genera
	See text.

Ursinae is a subfamily of Ursidae (bears) named by Swainson (1835). It was assigned to Ursidae by Bjork (1970), Hunt (1998) and Jin et al. (2007).[1][2][3]

Classification

The genera Melursus and Helarctos are sometimes also included in Ursus. The Asiatic black bear and the polar bear used to be placed in their own genera, Selenarctos and Thalarctos; these are now placed at subgenus rank.

Subfamily Ursinae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817
- Ursus Linnaeus, 1758
  - †Ursus abstrusus (Bjork, 1970)
  - Ursus americanus (Pallas, 1780) – American black bear
  - Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 – Brown bear
  - †Ursus boeckhi Schlosser, 1899
  - †Ursus deningeri Richenau, 1904
  - †Ursus etruscus Cuvier, 1823
  - †Ursus ingressus Rabeder, Hofreiter, Nagel & Withalm 2004
  - †Ursus kudarensis Baryshnikov, 1985
  - Ursus malayanus (Raffles, 1821) – Sun Bear
  - Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774 – Polar bear
  - †Ursus minimus (Devèze & Bouillet, 1827)
  - †Ursus rossicus Borissiak, 1930
  - †Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller, 1794
  - †Ursus theobaldi Lydekker, 1884
  - Ursus thibetanus (Cuvier, 1823) – Asiatic black bear
  - Ursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) – Sloth Bear
  - †Ursus yinanensis Li, 1993

A number of hybrids have been bred between American black, brown, and polar bears (see Ursid hybrids).

References

Bjork, Philip R. (1970). "The Carnivora of the Hagerman Local Fauna (Late Pliocene) of Southwestern Idaho". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. American Philosophical Society. 60 (7): 3–54. JSTOR 1006119.
Hunt, R. M. (1998). "Ursidae". In Jacobs, Louis; Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen L. (eds.). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–195. ISBN 0-521-35519-2.
Jin, C; Ciochon, RL; Dong, W; Hunt Jr, RM; Liu, J; Jaeger, M; Zhu, Q (2007). "The first skull of the earliest giant panda". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (26): 10932–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0704198104. PMC 1904166. PMID 17578912.

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[1] Bjork, Philip R. (1970). "The Carnivora of the Hagerman Local Fauna (Late Pliocene) of Southwestern Idaho". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. American Philosophical Society. 60 (7): 3–54. JSTOR 1006119.

[2] Hunt, R. M. (1998). "Ursidae". In Jacobs, Louis; Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen L. (eds.). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–195. ISBN 0-521-35519-2.

[3] Jin, C; Ciochon, RL; Dong, W; Hunt Jr, RM; Liu, J; Jaeger, M; Zhu, Q (2007). "The first skull of the earliest giant panda". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (26): 10932–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0704198104. PMC 1904166. PMID 17578912.